6 RULES OF ARTICLES A, AN, THE | How to use articles in English CORRECTLY

154,523 views ใƒป 2023-02-15

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi there, this is Harry, welcome backย  to advanced English lessons with Harry,ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:03
where we try to help you to get a much betterย  understanding of the English language. Helpingย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
you with all your vocabulary problems.ย  When and how to use adjectives, nouns,ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
00:14
verbs, adverbs, whatever it may be.ย  And also with conversational English,ย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์ฒด ์˜์–ด,
00:18
business style English, wherever youย  have a problem, we're here to help.
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๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ฉด ์–ด๋””๋“  ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
And in this advanced English lesson, we'reย  actually looking at articles. The articles a or a,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ a ๋˜๋Š” a,
00:28
an and the. And this is as a direct result ofย  requests from some of you, the students andย ย 
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an ๋ฐ the. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€, ํ•™์ƒ ๋ฐ
00:37
the viewers. Now, just a little warning here, I amย  not going into every little detail about articlesย ย 
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์‹œ์ฒญ์ž์˜ ์š”์ฒญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด, ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:44
because it would make the lesson far too long.ย  I'm going to cover the key points where studentsย ย 
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. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:50
do have regular problems. So I'll cover those inย  a lot of detail. And if you want more informationย ย 
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. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ด€์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:56
about articles, well, then I would recommend aย  very good grammar book. One of the grammar booksย ย 
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์Œ, ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
that I use with students is Murphy's grammarย  book. And it's really, really good. But whatย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ฑ… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋จธํ”ผ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:08
I'd also say is that I'm actually going to beย  launching a new grammar course. And it's an allย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:15
inclusive grammar course. And that will be comingย  out very shortly. And of course, you'll be able toย ย 
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ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ์ถœ์‹œ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
01:20
purchase and access that as well. Which will coverย  things like articles and many, many other aspects.
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๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Okay, so as you know, there are three articles.ย  Two indefinite and one definite, the. Indefiniteย ย 
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์ž, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•œ์ •, the. ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ
01:35
articles are a or a and an. And we use an whenย  it is in front of a vowel or a vowel soundย ย 
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๊ด€์‚ฌ๋Š” a ๋˜๋Š” a ๋ฐ an์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ชจ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:44
like an apple or an orange, okay. And then theย  definite article, only one, the definite article,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ, ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ
01:50
the. The or the depending on the pronunciation andย  the situation and position when you use it. So a,ย ย 
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the. The ๋˜๋Š” the๋Š” ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:00
an indefinite articles, the definite article.ย  Now, the reason why they cause problems for aย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ, ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:07
lot of people is that they don't exist in theirย  own native tongue, just they're not there. Andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:12
therefore, when you come to learn English, andย  people are telling you, Oh, you must use theย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Ÿฌ ์™”์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด '์˜ค,
02:16
article, oh, you must use the article, then itย  becomes very complicated. Even though they areย ย 
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๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„, ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:21
the smallest words that we have. I mean, how muchย  smaller can get them one letter and two letters,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ํ•œ ๊ธ€์ž์™€ ๋‘ ๊ธ€์ž, ์„ธ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
02:27
the three letters, but they cause mountainsย  and mountains of problems. So we'll try andย ย 
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, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:34
dispel some of the myths and we try and sort outย  some of the problems that you might come across.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ํ†ต๋…์„ ๋ถˆ์‹์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฒช์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
So let's look at the difference between a, anย  and the. So if we take a general situation. Soย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ a, an ๋ฐ the์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:48
usually, when we mention something for the veryย  first time, we usually use the indefinite article.ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Let me give you an example. A man was standingย  outside my house or outside my window.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง‘ ๋ฐ–์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐฝ ๋ฐ–์— ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Okay, so the first time we mentioned him,ย  or her, if it's a woman, then we just say,ย ย 
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ
03:12
a man was standing outside my house or outsideย  my window. Okay. And then the second time thatย ย 
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์ง‘ ๋ฐ–์— ์„œ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด ์ฐฝ ๋ฐ–์— ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ
03:19
you mentioned that person that you can thenย  refer to the definite article because theย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:23
people know who you're talking about. So a manย  was standing outside my home (outside my house,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์ง‘ ๋ฐ–์— ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋‚ด ์ง‘ ๋ฐ–,
03:30
outside my window). The man was dressed in aย  black coat. The man was wearing a woolly hat.ย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ฐฝ ๋ฐ–์—). ๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์–‘๋ชจ ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
The man was carrying a bag. So the firstย  time a man or a woman. The second time,ย ย 
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๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚จ์ž๋“  ์—ฌ์ž๋“  ์ฒ˜์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ,
03:44
the man, the woman. And the reason beingย  is then we have introduced the person,ย ย 
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๋‚จ์ž, ์—ฌ์ž. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
03:49
the individual, so everybody will thenย  know what you're talking about. Okay.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
03:54
Let me give you another example. I went for lunch.ย  So I went to the cafe to get some lunch. I boughtย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์นดํŽ˜์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
04:03
an apple. So a-n, an apple, and a sandwich. Soย  here's the first time that I've mentioned toย ย 
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ƒ€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์™€ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€
04:10
you what I bought for lunch. I went to the cafe,ย  and I bought an apple and a sandwich. Yeah. Now,ย ย 
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์ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นดํŽ˜์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์™€ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹์ƒ€์–ด์š”. ์‘. ์ž,
04:18
an apple. We're using a-n becauseย  apple began begins with a vowel. Okay,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ. ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” a-n์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”,
04:24
so I bought an apple and a sandwich. Okay, now Iย  can say the apple was green. The apple was green,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์™€ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹์ƒ€์–ด์š”. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋…น์ƒ‰์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
because now I'm talking specificallyย  about the apple that I bought. Not theย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
rest of the apples in the shop, but theย  apple that I bought. The apple was green,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ. ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋…น์ƒ‰์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:40
and the sandwich was a tuna sandwichย  with chicken. Yeah, okay, so the appleย ย 
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์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์€ ์ฐธ์น˜ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋„ค, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š”
04:46
was green. The sandwich was a tuna sandwich withย  chicken or lettuce, whatever it might be. Okay,ย ย 
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๋…น์ƒ‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ถ”๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์€ ์ฐธ์น˜ ์ƒŒ๋“œ์œ„์น˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
so first time again, when we're talking andย  introducing the noun, or the topic, then weย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:00
use a. And then the second time, we can switch toย  the definite article because people then are awareย ย 
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a๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ณ 
05:07
and they know exactly what we're talking about.ย  So that's our first rule for you to understand.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Now, we also use the, okay, when there isย  something that exists that is very commonย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ
05:21
knowledge, meaning we would only expect to haveย  one of them. For example, if I was talking aboutย ย 
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์ง€์‹์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด ์ง‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ง€๋ถ•
05:26
my house, and I mentioned, I've got a hole inย  the roof. I don't say got a hole in a roof,ย ย 
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์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ง€๋ถ•์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
even though it's just the first timeย  I've mentioned it, because, of course,ย ย 
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๋น„๋ก ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
I got a house, but there's only one roof on theย  house, you expect only to be one roof. So I said,ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์ง‘์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ง‘์—๋Š” ์ง€๋ถ•์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ถ•. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
I have a hole in the roof, I have toย  get a man to come and fix it. Okay,ย ย 
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์ง€๋ถ•์— ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”,
05:47
so and when that man comes to fix it,ย  he will fix the hole in the roof. Okay.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๋ฉด ์ง€๋ถ•์— ๋‚œ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๊ณ ์น  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
05:53
So for example, I put my clothes into the washingย  machine, and I went out into the garden. Now here,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ท์„ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์ •์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
06:02
it's just the first time that I've mentioned,ย  washing machine and garden, but I don't say Iย ย 
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ •์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง‘์—
06:07
put my clothes into a washing machine becauseย  you assume there's only one washing machineย ย 
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด ์˜ท์„ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:13
in the house. I put my clothes into the washingย  machine, and I went... went out into the garden.ย ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ท์„ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ... ์ •์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
06:19
Sat down and had a cup of coffee. Again, I don'tย  say a garden because you assume there's only oneย ย 
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์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
06:26
garden attached to the house where you're living.ย  Okay, so it's just to be very careful when you'reย ย 
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์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘์— ์ •์›์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์›์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
talking about something where the existence ofย  something is very common knowledge like one roof,ย ย 
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์ง€๋ถ• ํ•˜๋‚˜,
06:38
one garden, one washing machine, then we canย  automatically use the article, the. Okay.
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์ •์› ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์‚ฌ the๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
06:45
Now, let me give you another couple ofย  examples. If we're talking in general termsย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
06:51
about something. Let's talk about animals.ย  And my favourite animal are elephants. Okay,ย ย 
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. ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
so when I'm talking generally I can say elephantsย  are my favourite animal. Okay. I like the size,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ๋„ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค๊ณ 
07:06
like the colour. I like the way they behave. Soย  elephants are my favourite animal. I don't sayย ย 
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์ƒ‰์ƒ๋„ ๋ง˜์— ๋“ค์–ด์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ
07:12
the elephants are my favourite animal because I'mย  not being specific. I'm only being general. Butย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:18
if I want them to talk about specifically,ย  elephants in my zoo, or the zoo in my city,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚ด ๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
07:25
then I will say, The elephants in my zoo are veryย  old. Or the elephants in my zoo run around in aย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด ๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋Š™์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:34
very large compound instead of cages becauseย  they've expanded the zoo. So I can talk very,ย ย 
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๋™๋ฌผ์›์„ ํ™•์žฅํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋‹จ์ง€์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:41
very specifically about the elephants that areย  there in the zoo in my city. Okay, so initially,ย ย 
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. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š”
07:49
elephants - generally. Elephants are my favouriteย  animals. And then I can say specifically,ย ย 
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ - ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ. ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
07:56
the elephants in the zoo in my cityย  where I live have a lot of freedom,ย ย 
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ์›์„ ํ™•์žฅํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:01
and they can run wander around a big prairieย  because they've extended the zoo. Okay.
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๋„“์€ ์ดˆ์›์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”.
08:07
And then again, if we're talking about, let'sย  say, favourite flowers. I can say roses are myย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๋ฏธ๋Š”
08:15
favourite flowers because they've got beautifulย  colours. And you've got reds and pinks, andย ย 
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰,
08:21
yellows, and lots and lots of things like that.ย  So roses are my favourite flower. But if I wantย ย 
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๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žฅ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:28
to talk about flowers in my garden, I can say,ย  but the roses in my garden are mostly pink. Soย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ •์›์˜ ๊ฝƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์ •์›์˜ ์žฅ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
08:36
roses are my favourite flowers because they comeย  in many, many different colours. But the roses inย ย 
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์žฅ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:44
my garden are only mainly pink. Okay, so you canย  see the difference there. When I talk generally,ย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ •์›์˜ ์žฅ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
08:52
I just say elephants. When I talk generally,ย  I talk roses. When I talk more specifically,ย ย 
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฏธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
08:58
the elephants in my zoo, theย  roses in my garden. Alright.
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๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ, ์ •์›์˜ ์žฅ๋ฏธ. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
09:04
Now, one of the problems thatย  students have a lot of the timeย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
09:08
and I'm constantly correcting them isย  when we use certain words and then notย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:13
quite sure whether it comes with or withoutย  the article. And these are words like bed,ย ย 
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. ์นจ๋Œ€,
09:21
church, school, university, hospital, prison,ย  college, all those type of words and when doย ย 
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๊ตํšŒ, ํ•™๊ต, ๋Œ€ํ•™, ๋ณ‘์›, ๊ฐ์˜ฅ, ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ
09:31
I use the and when do I not use it? Okay,ย  so, normally no article is used before bed,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์ „,
09:40
church, court etc. when they are used for theirย  primary purpose. So let me give an example.
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๊ตํšŒ, ๋ฒ•์› ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
I go to bed every night at 10 o'clock.ย  I don't say I go to the bed every nightย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค 10์‹œ์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐค 10์‹œ์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:53
at 10 o'clock. Where is Michael? He isย  in bed. Yeah, yeah. Where is Jonathan?ย ย 
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. ๋งˆ์ดํด์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋Š” ์นจ๋Œ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๊ทธ๋ž˜. ์กฐ๋‚˜๋‹จ์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ
09:58
He just got out... out of bed. Okay, so we'reย  not saying got out of the bed, is in the bed,ย ย 
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๋‚˜์™”์–ด์š”... ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์นจ๋Œ€์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
I don't go to the bed. So we don't use "the"ย  when we're using... referring to that noun "bed."
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์นจ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ '์นจ๋Œ€'๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ 'the'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:13
And when we're talking about specific words, asย  I said, like court, church, university, school,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฒ•์›, ๊ตํšŒ, ๋Œ€ํ•™, ํ•™๊ต,
10:19
hospital. When they are used for the primaryย  purpose, meaning the person who should be thereย ย 
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๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ. ์ฃผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ , ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
10:25
is there, then we don't use the article. So letย  me give you examples of those just so you'llย ย 
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:31
understand fully. My children go to schoolย  every day. So the children normally spend theย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต
10:37
time in school. So the children go to schoolย  every day. We don't need to use the article.ย ย 
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
My friend isn't... is sick andย  is in hospital. So sick peopleย ย 
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๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š”... ์•„ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ณ‘์›์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„ํ”ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
10:48
usually spend the time in hospital. Soย  my friend is sick and is in hospital.ย ย 
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒ์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:55
I go to church on Sundays. Religious people orย  people who are following their religion tend toย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๊ตํšŒ์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๊ต์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…๊ต์—
11:01
go to church on a Saturday or Sunday, dependingย  on their religion. So I go to church on Sundays.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ† ์š”์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๊ตํšŒ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๊ตํšŒ์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
My son is 20 and is studying economicsย  in university. I don't say the universityย ย 
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์ œ ์•„๋“ค์€ 20์‚ด์ด๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š”
11:17
because students who study spendย  the time in universities, okay.
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๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
Now, these are where people you'd expect toย  see them. So expect to see churchgoers inย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ต์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
11:30
church. You'd expect to see kids in school. You'dย  expect to see university students in university.ย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
You'd expect to see prisoners in prison, etc.ย  Okay. But if people are not normally there,ย ย 
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๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃ„์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
11:46
then we usually use the article the. So let meย  give you a few examples of those. I went to theย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์‚ฌ the๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
11:54
school to attend a parent teacher meeting. Theyย  went to the school to attend the parent teachersย ย 
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ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์‚ฌ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ต์‚ฌ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค
12:01
meeting. I'm a parent, I'm not normally at thatย  school. So I went to the school for the meeting.ย ย 
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. ์ €๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
12:09
I visited my friend in the hospitalย  because she was sick. I visited myย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒ์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:15
friend in the hospital because sheย  was sick. I'm not usually there,ย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒ์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:19
because at the moment, I am well, but I went toย  the hospital to visit my friend who was sick.ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„ํ”ˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ”๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
12:27
When I go to new cities, I like to visit theย  churches in that city. Okay, I like to see whatย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ €๋Š”
12:34
they're how they're made, how they're designed,ย  in what architecture. So I'm not normally in thatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
12:41
city, I'm not a priest, so I go to those churches.ย  So I visit the churches in that city, just to takeย ย 
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์‚ฌ์ œ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ตํšŒ์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ
12:49
photographs or just to see what they're like andย  what the architect architecture is like. Thereย ย 
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€, ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
was a ceremony in the university for the graduate.ย  So I attended the ceremony because I'm a parent ofย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์กธ์—…์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:03
one of the graduates. So I don't normally go toย  the university, but I went that particular day,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ‰์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋‚ ์€
13:08
because there was a ceremony to hand out theย  parchments to graduates. Okay, so there was aย ย 
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์กธ์—…์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘ํ”ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”,
13:16
ceremony at the university in the city, and I wentย  there, okay. So that's the difference. So whenย ย 
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๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ”์–ด์š” . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
13:22
people who are normally expected to be in thoseย  institutions, church, university, school, prison,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๊ตํšŒ, ๋Œ€ํ•™, ํ•™๊ต, ๊ฐ์˜ฅ,
13:28
hospital, then we don't usually use the articleย  the. But when people who go to these places orย ย 
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๋ณ‘์›์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ the๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜
13:36
these institutions to visit or for businessย  purposes, then we use the article the. Okay,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ the ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
so that's a big difference and somethingย  you really have to work on and understand.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
Now, articles are not needed, when we're talkingย  about more abstract expressions, for example,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค, ์ง์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋” ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:57
sea or work or town. So we can say he is at sea,ย  not at the sea. He is at work or out of work, notย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋“  ์—†๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:09
the work. Or he or she is in town or out of town,ย  not in the town, or out of the town. So in thoseย ย 
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. ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์„ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์„ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
14:17
particular particular situations when we're usingย  talking about abstract expressions that we don'tย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ด€์‚ฌ the๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:23
need to use the article the. But English wouldn'tย  be English without exceptions. And there's oneย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:30
exception I mention, it's about office. Okay.ย  So when you go to work, you go to the office.ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
Where is Jonathan today? Ah, he's working in theย  office today. He'll be working at home tomorrow.ย ย 
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์š”๋‚˜๋‹จ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š” . ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
He went to the office at six o'clock this morningย  because he has a lot of work to do. So when we'reย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ 6์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
14:52
talking about office, a place where you work,ย  then we use the article the. Now, office also hasย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค, ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ด€์‚ฌ the๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋„
15:00
a different meaning. So when there's an electionย  in your city or your country, and you will electย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋„์‹œ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
15:06
a new government, the government are in officeย  for a period of time, like four years or fiveย ย 
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์ƒˆ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์„ ์ถœํ•  ๋•Œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 4๋…„ ๋˜๋Š” 5๋…„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žฌ์ž„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:13
years. Office here is a ceremonial position thatย  they have, it's not actually a place. So they areย ย 
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๋ก€์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜์ด์ง€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
in office, because it's ceremonial. They haveย  been appointed or elected by the people. So weย ย 
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์˜์‹์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž„๋ช…๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ
15:26
don't need to use an article there because itย  has a very different meaning. But when we'reย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜
15:30
talking about your place of employment, what isย  the office like where you work? Is it modern? Isย ย 
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์ง์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”? ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:37
it old? Is it open plan? Is it cellular offices,ย  whatever it happens to be, then we can talk aboutย ย 
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ๊ฐ€์š”? ์˜คํ”ˆํ”Œ๋žœ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์…€๋ฃฐ๋Ÿฌ ์˜คํ”ผ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:44
the. The office where I work is full of glass. Theย  office where I work, is a old Victorian building,ย ย 
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. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:52
okay. So we can use the article "the"ย  in that situation. But when I'm talkingย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ด€์‚ฌ 'the'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
15:57
about the government, the government has been inย  office for four years, they have 12 months left,ย ย 
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์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 4๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง‘๊ถŒํ–ˆ๊ณ  12๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๋‚จ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋˜
16:03
and then there will be another election or a newย  election. Okay. So hopefully, you get a differentย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
16:09
the understanding of the difference there. Andย  the exception to those abstract expressions.
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์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ƒ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
Now, when we're talking about nouns, inย  particular, you've probably come across and youย ย 
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์ž, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ , ์•„๋งˆ๋„
16:21
understand the difference between countable andย  uncountable nouns. Okay, so just to remind you,ย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
16:28
countable nouns are those nouns that can beย  used in the singular and the plural. Like,ย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
16:33
apple - apples. Car - cars. Orangeย  -oranges, okay? And uncountable nounsย ย 
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ - ์‚ฌ๊ณผ. ์ž๋™์ฐจ - ์ž๋™์ฐจ. ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€ -์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
16:39
are usually those nouns that don't haveย  a plural form for example, information.,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด information.,
16:48
advice, salt, water, bread, okay? So theyย  don't usually have a plural forms. It's notย ย 
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์กฐ์–ธ, ์†Œ๊ธˆ, ๋ฌผ, ๋นต, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
informations. It's not advices. It's not salts,ย  bread... breads or waters. It's salt, bread,ย ย 
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์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ธˆ, ๋นต... ๋นต ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ธˆ, ๋นต,
17:06
water, okay. Now, so when we're using countableย  or uncountable nouns, it's important to understandย ย 
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๋ฌผ, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ
17:13
the rules for articles, okay? A countable nounย  always takes either a or the, okay. So, an apple.ย ย 
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๊ด€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ a ๋˜๋Š” the๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์‚ฌ๊ณผ.
17:25
Like an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Orย  the... the apple I bought in the shop was red.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ... ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๊ฐ›๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€.
17:34
The apple I bought in the shop was bruised orย  damaged. Okay, so we're using a or the depending,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” a ๋˜๋Š” the ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ
17:44
you know, the apples in the bag weighed twoย  kilos, so we want to use plural, then we use the.
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๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์— ๋“  ์‚ฌ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” 2kg์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ the๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
If we're using uncountable nouns, they don'tย  take the indefinite article. We can't refer toย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
17:58
a or an information or, a or an advice. Okay,ย  so we can talk about the information I gaveย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ๋˜๋Š”, ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
18:06
you. Yeah, the advice that I gave you or the pieceย  of information or the piece of advice I gave you,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค€ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๋‚˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ค€ ์กฐ์–ธ,
18:13
but we don't use a. Okay, so they're examplesย  of the countable and uncountable nouns,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” a๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
how you use them and how youย  differentiate between a, an and the.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ a, an ๋ฐ the๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
And remember, I haven't given you a totallyย  inclusive definition of the article becauseย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:37
there's a lot to go through. But you will findย  much more information in a really good grammarย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ Murphy์˜ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:43
book as I mentioned, Murphy's. And I am launchingย  and publishing a new grammar course in the veryย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‹œ์ผ ๋‚ด์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •
18:49
near future, so you'll get all the detailsย  about other aspects of how to use a, an and the.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ a, an ๋ฐ the๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
And if you have liked this particular lesson, thenย  please like the video and if you can subscribeย ย 
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:02
to the channel, because it really reallyย  helps. And if you need more information,ย ย 
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์ •๋ง ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด www.englishlessonviaskype.com
19:06
more help more guidance and contact me onย  www.englishlessonviaskype.com Really happy toย ย 
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์—์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
19:14
help you really happy to include your suggestions,ย  as I've done today, in a future video. Okay, thisย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
is Harry, thank you for watching and listening,ย  and remember to join me for the next lesson.
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ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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