English Fluency Secrets | 21 Essential Adjectives to Build Your Vocabulary

75,794 views ใƒป 2023-11-15

Learn English with Harry


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi there, this is Harry. Welcome back to advanced  English lessons with Harry, where I try to  
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒชใƒผใจใฎ้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š
00:04
help you to get a better understanding of the  English language. Helping you with all sorts of  
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ๆทฑใ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎ
00:09
vocabulary, adverbs, adjectives, nouns. Okay, this  is an advanced English lesson and in this lesson,  
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่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไธŠ็ดš่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€
00:18
we're looking at adjectives and we're looking at  Advanced English adjectives, I've 21 in total.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจ ไธŠ็ดš่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅˆ่จˆ 21 ๅ€‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:24
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01:43
Now, these, as I said are advanced adjectives  and they're really important particularly when  
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉ่ฟฐในใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้ซ˜ๅบฆใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Š ใ€็‰นใซ
01:48
it comes to doing proficiency exams or the IELTS  or CAE. It's really good to have adjectives,  
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ๆŠ€่ƒฝ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚„ IELTS ใ€CAE ใ‚’ๅ—้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
01:55
it's easy to write an essay, it's easy to write  some lines. But when you get extra marks or  
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ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใ‚‚ใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่กŒใ‚’ๆ›ธใใฎใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ็‚นใ‚’็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใ‚’
02:02
you win points, it's when you use adjectives and  adverbs in the right way because adjectives always  
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็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใจใใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏๅธธใซ
02:10
describe nouns. So instead of just talking about  the cat, we want to talk about the enormous black  
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ๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็Œซใซใคใ„ใฆใ ใ‘่ฉฑใ™ใฎใงใฏใชใ ใ€ๅทจๅคงใช้ป’็Œซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
02:16
cat. Or we want to talk about the view from our  hotel window. It's this stunningly beautiful view.  
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใฎ็ช“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็œบใ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ้ฉšใใปใฉ็พŽใ—ใ„ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใงใ™ใ€‚
02:23
So you need to know the type of adjectives that  go, and can you be used to describe a particular  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒ ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:31
noun and then that way, you're going to get  extra marks. So the whole idea of this particular  
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎๅพ—็‚นใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใช็›ฎ็š„ใฏใ€ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹
02:37
lesson is to give you these adjectives all about  reviewing and how you review different things.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฝขๅฎน่ฉž ใจใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ“ใจใ‚’ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:45
Okay, so as I said, I've got 21 of them. I'm  going to go through them one by one. And I say,  
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€21ๅ€‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ใคใšใค่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏใ€ใ€Œไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
02:50
well, I'll give you an example. So number  one is exhilarating. So just be careful with  
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ 1 ็•ช็›ฎใฏ็ˆฝๅฟซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
02:55
the pronunciation here as well. exhilarating,  exhilarating, is a form of excitement. Okay,  
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ใ€‚ ็ˆฝๅฟซใ€ ็ˆฝๅฟซใฏ่ˆˆๅฅฎใฎไธ€ๅฝขๆ…‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
03:03
so if you went to a Formula One race, if you're  lucky enough to go to a Formula One race,  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ F1 ใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ๅนธ้‹ใซใ‚‚ F1 ใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใฎ
03:08
you might say that the atmosphere  was exhilarating, really exciting,  
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้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใฏ ็ˆฝๅฟซใงใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅˆบๆฟ€็š„ใงใ€
03:14
the noise of the cars, the buzz  from the crowd, the engines revving  
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่ปŠใฎ้จ’้Ÿณใ‚„ ็พค่ก†ใฎใ–ใ‚ใ‚ใใ€ ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ธใƒณใŒๅ›ž่ปขใ—ใ€
03:21
the lights flashing the sound as the cars  rev up, and then boom, they're off. Okay,  
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่ปŠใฎๅ›ž่ปขใŒไธŠใŒใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใฆใƒฉใ‚คใƒˆใŒ็‚นๆป…ใ— ใ€ใใฎๅพŒใƒ‰ใƒผใƒณใจ้Ÿณใ‚’็ซ‹ใฆใฆ่ปŠใŒๆญขใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:27
so you can find that and describe it as really  exhilarating, had a wonderful, wonderful time.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ็ˆฝๅฟซใ ใฃใŸใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใŸใจ่กจ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:35
Overhyped is number two. Now, when we  talk about something being really really  
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้Žๅ‰ฐๅฎฃไผใŒ2ไฝใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
03:41
good or fantastic or amazing, sometimes we  slightly exaggerate or we talk about it,  
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€ใŸใจใˆ็งใŸใก่‡ช่บซใŒ ใใ‚Œใ‚’็›ฎๆ’ƒใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€
03:48
the way our friends talk about it, even though we  may not have witnessed it ourselves or sampled it  
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใงใ‚ตใƒณใƒ—ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฐใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—่ช‡ๅผตใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹ไบบใŒใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:53
ourselves. So sometimes we talk it up too much.  And then when other people go to see the show,  
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ™‚ใ€…ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ไป–ใฎไบบใŒใใฎ็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
03:59
or read the book or watch the movie, that very  disappointed. Why because all of the talk about  
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ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใŒใฃใ‹ใ‚Šใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€
04:05
that movie that show that book has been overhyped.  And overhyped means we've built it up too much.  
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ใใฎๆœฌใ‚’็คบใ™ใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ฉฑ้กŒใŒ้Žๅ‰ฐใซๅฎฃไผใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€้Žๅ‰ฐใซๅฎฃไผใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’็ฏ‰ใไธŠใ’ใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:13
And it doesn't live up to expectations.  So something that has been overhyped,  
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ใใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใฏๆœŸๅพ…ใซๅฟœใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€้Žๅ‰ฐใซๅฎฃไผใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€
04:19
fails to live up to expectations. You could  be talking about a football match. Okay,  
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ๆœŸๅพ…ใซๅฟœใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
04:24
so it's a big match coming up. Two really great  teams are going to play each other full of stars  
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ๅคงใใช่ฉฆๅˆใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ 2 ใคใฎ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใŒใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผๆƒใ„ใฎไบ’ใ„ใซๅฏพๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใ€
04:31
all costing lots and lots of money. And then  when the game happens, room, it's so dull and  
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ๅคš้กใฎ่ฒป็”จใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ่ฉฆๅˆใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใจใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใง
04:37
boring. Neither team wants to lose. So the play  is really negative. And at the end of the game,  
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้€€ๅฑˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใ‚‚่ฒ ใ‘ใŸใใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅЇใฏ ้žๅธธใซๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ่ฉฆๅˆใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€
04:44
he said for a while that was really overhyped.  I was expecting something amazing. And I thought  
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ๅฝผใฏใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใฎ้–“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ช‡ๅผตใ•ใ‚Œใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
04:49
after 25 minutes it was the dullest game I had  ever seen. So something like a football match  
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25 ๅˆ†ๅพŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒไปŠใพใง่ฆ‹ใŸไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚้€€ๅฑˆใช่ฉฆๅˆใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใฎ่ฉฆๅˆ
04:56
or special occasion or a movie Yes, they can  be overhyped because we talk them up too much.
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ใ‚„็‰นๅˆฅใชๆ—ฅใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ใฏใ„ใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒ่ฉฑ้กŒใซใ—ใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ช‡ๅผตใ•ใ‚Œใ™ใŽใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ 3
05:04
Number three, atmospheric atmospheric is about  the atmosphere what you feel like when you get  
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ใค็›ฎใฏใ€้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใงใ™ใ€‚้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใจใฏใ€ใใ“ใซ ็€ใ„ใŸใจใใซๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
05:10
there. So you could be talking about a new  disco, a new club that is opened in the town,  
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ็”บใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ‚ณใ‚„ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใŒใ‚ชใƒผใƒ—ใƒณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€
05:18
and you heard about it from your friends  and you decide to go along. And when you  
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆๅ‹้”ใ‹ใ‚‰่žใ„ใฆ ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใ“ใจใซๆฑบใ‚ใŸใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
05:22
meet your friends the next day or  the next weekend, you say, Wow,  
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ๆฌกใฎๆ—ฅใ‹ ๆฌกใฎ้€ฑๆœซใซๅ‹้”ใซไผšใฃใŸใจใใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€
05:25
that place is so atmospheric. When you walk  in the music, it's all bouncing off the walls,  
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ใ‚ใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใŒใ„ใ„ใญใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ้Ÿณๆฅฝใฎไธญใ‚’ๆญฉใใจใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒๅฃใ€
05:33
wonderful lighting, great dance floor. The DJ  is amazing, really an atmospheric place you can  
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„็…งๆ˜Žใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใƒ€ใƒณใ‚นใƒ•ใƒญใ‚ขใง่ทณใญ่ฟ”ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ DJ ใฏ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:41
feel it as soon as you go in the places hopping  adds a real buzz to it. So very atmospheric,  
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้ฃ›ใณ่ทณใญใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใใจใ™ใใซใใ‚ŒใŒๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎ่ณ‘ใ‚ใ„ใŒๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
05:49
meaning the atmosphere is electric, you could  almost touch it or feel it. It's so exciting.
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้›ฐๅ›ฒๆฐ—ใŒ้›ปๆฐ—็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ่งฆใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:56
Don't forget to click the link in  the description below to get your  
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05:59
50% discount off your first lesson with Preply.
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Preply ใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ 50% ๅ‰ฒๅผ•ใงๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ไธ‹ใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒชใƒณใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:03
Number four, action-packed. Lots of things can  be action-packed, you can have an action-packed  
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ใใฎ 4 ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆบ€่ผ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆบ€่ผ‰ใงใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆบ€่ผ‰ใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’้Žใ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
06:09
holiday, you come back from your summer holidays  and your colleagues or friends are asking well,  
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ใ€‚ๅคไผ‘ใฟใ‹ใ‚‰ๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆ ใ€ๅŒๅƒšใ‚„ๅ‹ไบบใŒใ€Œ
06:15
how was it? Wow, it was a real action-packed  holiday from beginning to the end, we didn't  
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ใฉใ†ใ ใฃใŸ?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใฆใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆบ€่ผ‰ใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
06:21
have a moment. One day we were hiking. The next  day we were horseback riding. The next day,  
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ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฏใƒใ‚คใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ฟŒๆ—ฅใ€็งใŸใกใฏไน—้ฆฌใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็ฟŒๆ—ฅใ€
06:27
we were whitewater rafting and canoeing and I  forgotten half of the activities that we did. But  
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็งใŸใกใฏๆ€ฅๆตไธ‹ใ‚Šใจใ‚ซใƒŒใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ ็งใฏใ‚„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
06:33
I can honestly say this was the most action-packed  holiday I have ever had. So action-packed means  
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใซ้Žใ”ใ—ใŸไธญใงๆœ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆบ€่ผ‰ใฎไผ‘ๆš‡ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆบ€่ผ‰ใจใฏใ€
06:41
real activity, not necessarily daring sports, or  risky sports or extreme sports, but just something  
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚ๅคง่ƒ†ใชใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚„ ๅฑ้™บใชใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ€ใ‚จใ‚ฏใ‚นใƒˆใƒชใƒผใƒ  ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใงใฏใชใใ€
06:50
that keeps you occupied, active, on the go the  whole time a real action-packed. Now, simple way  
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ๅธธใซๅคขไธญใซใชใฃใฆใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใซๅ‹•ใ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ ๆœฌ็‰ฉใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆบ€่ผ‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ“ใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
06:58
to describe something as action-packed could be  a movie like a movie about the Second World War,  
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆบ€่ผ‰ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ€็ฌฌ ไบŒๆฌกไธ–็•Œๅคงๆˆฆใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ˜ ็”ปใ€
07:04
or a movie about invasion of another planet.  Star Wars-type movies where there's something  
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ใพใŸใฏๅˆฅใฎๆƒ‘ๆ˜Ÿใฎไพต็•ฅใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚บใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใงใฏใ€
07:10
happening every minute, dogfights in the sky  with the different rockets and spaceships  
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ๆฏŽๅˆ†ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒญใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚„ๅฎ‡ๅฎ™่ˆนใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ็ฉบใง็ฉบไธญๆˆฆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š
07:16
and whatever they might be. So these can be  action-packed or Fast and Furious movies where  
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ใ€ใใฎไป–ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆบ€่ผ‰ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„ใ€
07:22
there's constant car chases. Chases and crashes  and all sorts of things happening, they are  
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ใ‚ซใƒผ ใƒใ‚งใ‚คใ‚นใŒ็ตถใˆ้–“ใชใ็ถšใใƒฏใ‚คใƒซใƒ‰ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใชใฉใ‚‚่€ƒใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฟฝ่ทกใ‚„่ก็ชใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใ€
07:28
also action-packed. So something where there's  action from the beginning until the very end.
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚ๆบ€่ผ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๆœ€ๅพŒใพใงใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
07:34
And if you do like this particular  lesson, then please like the video,  
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใŒๆฐ—ใซๅ…ฅใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใญ๏ผใ€ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:38
and if you can subscribe to the channel,  because it does it really helps.
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ ๅคงๅค‰ๅŠฉใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:43
Number five powerful. It's a probably a better  known adjective and powerful can be something  
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ๅผทๅŠ›ใช5ไฝใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ˆใ ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใŒ้žๅธธใซๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
07:50
that really gets you thinking that something  where the storyline is really deep. So if  
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
07:56
you're watching a movie, it might not have a  lot of action. So it's not that type of power,  
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šใชใ„ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅŠ›ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:02
but the message is very powerful. It could be  about slavery, or it could be about other moving  
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ใŒใ€ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใฏ้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฅด้šทๅˆถใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่ฆชใ‹ใ‚‰ๅผ•ใ้›ขใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฎใใฎไป–ใฎๆ„Ÿๅ‹•็š„ใช่กŒๅ‹•ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
08:10
actions of children separated from parents. So  it's a very powerful movie with great meaning and  
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใค้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใชๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
08:18
you're really watching it and want wanting  to know what happens. It's not as I said,  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ่ฆณใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅบงๅธญใฎ็ซฏใซ
08:23
the exciting film that has you sitting  on the edge of your seat, of course,  
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ๅบงใฃใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใชๆ˜ ็”ปใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใŒ
08:27
but it is something that is powerful  in terms of the message that it sends.
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ไผใˆใ‚‹ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใจใ„ใ†็‚นใงใฏใ€ๅผทๅŠ›ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:32
Cliched. Cliched it is something that is  repeated time and time again, you know,  
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใใŸใ‚Šใชใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚ŠใใŸใ‚Šใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใŒใ€ ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
08:37
the typical type of movie, particularly American  movies, the romantic comedy where boy meets girl,  
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ๅ…ธๅž‹็š„ใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ€็‰นใซใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€็”ทใฎๅญใจๅฅณใฎๅญใŒๅ‡บไผšใ†ใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ€
08:46
girl falls in love with boy, boy falls in  love with girl get married, something happens,  
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ๅฅณใฎๅญใŒ็”ทใฎๅญใซๆ‹ใซ่ฝใกใ€็”ทใฎๅญใŒ ๅฅณใฎๅญใซๆ‹ใ—ใฆ็ตๅฉšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใ€
08:51
they split up, and then at the end, they come  back together again, all lovey-dovey again,  
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅˆฅใ‚Œใ€ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใฏ ๅ†ใณไธ€็ท’ใซๆˆปใ‚Šใ€ๅ†ใณใƒฉใƒ–ใƒฉใƒ–ใซใชใ‚Šใ€
08:57
and then they... everything is as it was  before. So this is a very cliched story,  
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ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ... ใ™ในใฆใŒ ไปฅๅ‰ใจๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใใŸใ‚Šใช่ฉฑใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
09:03
meaning it's been repeated time and time again.  And no matter what the name of the movie is,  
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ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅๅ‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ€
09:08
no matter who the actors are, you could actually  write the script yourself because it's very  
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ไฟณๅ„ชใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใ‚ใ†ใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ ่„šๆœฌใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๆ›ธใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€่„šๆœฌใฏไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹้žๅธธใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใใŸใ‚Šใชใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
09:14
cliched something that's used over and over  again. And usually it's used over and over again,  
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€้€šๅธธใฏๆˆๅŠŸใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™
09:20
because they're usually successful.  And people like to watch them because  
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆไบบใ€…ใŒๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ๅฅฝใ‚“ใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€
09:24
they like the whole idea of romantic movies,  particularly though the romantic comedy movies,  
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ใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชๆ˜ ็”ปใ€็‰นใซใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒผๆ˜ ็”ปใฎๅ…จไฝ“็š„ใช่€ƒใˆๆ–นใŒๅฅฝใใชใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:31
okay, so these can be very cliched, you know  almost instinctively what's going to be said,  
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ใพใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซใ‚ใ‚ŠใใŸใ‚Šใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ไฝ•ใŒ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใปใผๆœฌ่ƒฝ็š„ใซใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
09:37
you know almost instinctively what the action  is going to be and you know almost instinctively  
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใปใผๆœฌ่ƒฝ็š„ใซใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ˜ ็”ปใ€็‰นใซใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒžใ‚นๆ˜ ็”ปใฎ้‡่ฆใชใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉๆœฌ่ƒฝ็š„ใซใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:43
the key points in the movie, particularly say  Christmas movies, you know, there are lots of  
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
09:49
them, and the storyline is almost exactly the  same. But guess what? We watch them because we  
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใฏใปใผใพใฃใŸใ ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใฉใ†ใ ใ‚ใ†๏ผŸ ็งใŸใกใŒ
09:54
are suckers for those soft romantic movies. And  even though they are cliched, they make us laugh,  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใ†ใ„ใฃใŸใ‚ฝใƒ•ใƒˆใชใƒญใƒžใƒณใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใชๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ใ‚ŠใใŸใ‚Šใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŸใกใ‚’็ฌ‘ใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€
10:01
they make us smile, or they make us feel cosy and  warm, coming up to Christmas. So that's cliched.
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ๅพฎ็ฌ‘ใพใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ฏใƒชใ‚นใƒžใ‚นใŒ่ฟ‘ใฅใใจๅฟƒๅœฐใ‚ˆใๆธฉใ‹ใ„ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใซใ•ใ›ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใ‚ŠใใŸใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚
10:09
Number seven gripping. So how would we use  that to describe or review something? Well,  
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7็•ชใฎใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใŸใ‚Šใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ? ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€
10:15
gripping is usually something that has your  attention. Okay, so that's something really keeps  
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ใ‚ฐใƒชใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
10:21
you on the edge of your seat, it could be a book,  it could be a story, it could be an action movie,  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅธญใฎ็ซฏใซ็ซ‹ใŸใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ็‰ฉ่ชžใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณๆ˜ ็”ปใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€
10:28
it could be a play in the theatre, that all of  those type of performances, that will be really,  
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ใใ‚ŒใฏๅЇๅ ดใงใฎๆผ”ๅЇใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็จฎ้กžใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใ™ในใฆ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€
10:35
really gripping. But gripping usually means  there's a huge amount of volatility in the movie,  
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆŽดใฟใฉใ“ใ‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ ๆ˜ ็”ปใซๅคงใใชๅค‰ๅ‹•ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
10:41
when the emotions are going up and down,  and it really brings you to the edge,  
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒๆตฎใๆฒˆใฟใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ
10:46
when you're never really sure what's going  to happen. A murder could take place,  
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ไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใพใฃใŸใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ทŠๅผตๆ„Ÿใซใ•ใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆฎบไบบใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
10:51
somebody disappears. Yeah, it really makes your  toes curl and hair on the back of your neck stand  
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅคฑ่ธชใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ่ถณใฎๆŒ‡ใŒไธธใพใ‚Šใ€้ฆ–ใฎๅพŒใ‚ใฎ้ซชใŒ
10:59
up. So the excitement is there for everybody  to see and to feel it's really electric. And  
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้€†็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ„Ÿๅ‹•็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹่ˆˆๅฅฎใŒใใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
11:05
this is how we would describe something that  is gripping. Okay, now you could be watching  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใŒๅฟƒใ‚’ๆŽดใ‚€ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏไปŠใ€
11:10
a series of these box sets series on TV that  Netflix and Apple TV produced from time to time,  
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Netflix ใจ Apple TV ใŒๆ™‚ใ€…ๅˆถไฝœใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€้€ฃใฎใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆ ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‚’ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใง่ฆ–่ดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
11:18
so you can't wait for the next episode. And  then when the season is over, you're waiting  
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ใฎใงใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใŒๅพ…ใกใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚ทใƒผใ‚บใƒณใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€
11:24
for season two, and then season three. So these  are can often be gripping and people watch them  
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ใ‚ทใƒผใ‚บใƒณ 2ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ‚ทใƒผใ‚บใƒณ 3 ใŒๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฝœๅ“ใฏ ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏๆฌกใ‹ใ‚‰ๆฌกใธใจ่ฆ–่ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:31
one after the other, for the very reason that  they are gripping they watch the first episode,  
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†็†็”ฑใงๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’่ฆ–่ดใ—ใ€
11:36
and I'll just watch the second one. And the  second one leads to the third one. And before  
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็งใฏ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚จใƒ”ใ‚ฝใƒผใƒ‰ใ ใ‘ใ‚’่ฆ–่ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใชใŒใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
11:41
you know it, you've spent half the night sitting  up watching this gripping series and you want to  
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ๆฐ—ไป˜ใ‘ใฐใ€ ใ“ใฎ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใชใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅคœใฎๅŠๅˆ†ใ‚’ๅบงใฃใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ€ๆฌกใซไผšใ†ใจใ
11:47
talk about it with your friends, when  you meet them the next time you meet.
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ใซๅ‹้”ใจใใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
11:51
Compelling. Well, something can be compelling that  it it gets your attention. Yes. So even though it  
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่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆณจๆ„ใ‚’ๅผ•ใใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒ
11:58
might not be something you're particularly  interested in, or even though it's not  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็‰นใซ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
12:03
something that's your genre that you normally  like, but the acting is such a high level,  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ้€šๅธธๅฅฝใ‚€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใƒซใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ๆผ”ๆŠ€ใŒ้žๅธธใซใƒใ‚คใƒฌใƒ™ใƒซใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
12:09
or the storyline is so detailed that is... it  has an makes for compelling viewing. So maybe  
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใŒ้žๅธธใซ่ฉณ็ดฐใงใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ... ่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹่ฆ–่ดใ‚’ๅฎŸ็พใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€
12:17
it's specifically made for TVs and the technology  that they've used is really state-of-the-art. And  
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ใใ‚Œใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“็”จใซ็‰นๅˆฅใซไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ ไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœ€ๅ…ˆ็ซฏใฎใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
12:25
this means that you're really interested to  watch it. And that would make for compelling  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆ–่ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใช่ฆ–่ดใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
12:30
viewing. So something that is compelling means  you're really driven to watch it even though it  
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใฏใ€ ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๅฅฝใฟใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่ฆ‹ใŸใใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
12:36
might not be necessarily your cup of tea. So  it as I said that could be anything that's a  
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
12:42
book can be compelling. A theatre performance can  be compelling. The movie can can be compelling,  
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ๆœฌใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐไฝ•ใงใ‚‚่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅЇๅ ดใงใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใซใฏ่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆ˜ ็”ปใฏ่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚
12:50
or something that's playing out in politics  in your local city or country. This could  
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ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ ๅœฐๅ…ƒใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใ‚„ๅ›ฝใฎๆ”ฟๆฒปใง่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
12:56
be compelling new, because it's it's really  exciting. At the time of Brexit a few years ago,  
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ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใชใฎใงใ€ ้ญ…ๅŠ›็š„ใชๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆ•ฐๅนดๅ‰ใฎBrexitใฎๆ™‚ใ€
13:03
and even though it might have not affected  people directly, the number of people who  
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไบบใ€…ใซ็›ดๆŽฅ็š„ใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ๅคšใใฎไบบใŒ
13:07
spoke to be about about it, who wanted to discuss  it, wanted to understand it, even though they may  
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ใใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใ€่ฉฑใ—ๅˆใŠใ†ใจใ— ใ€็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใ„ใจ่€ƒใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:13
not have been directly involved in politics  or had a great interest in politics, the whole  
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ๆ”ฟๆฒปใซ็›ดๆŽฅ้–ขไธŽใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใพใŸใฏๆ”ฟๆฒปใซๅคงใใช้–ขๅฟƒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใคใพใ‚Š
13:18
idea of Britain moving away from the European  Union and establishing themselves once again  
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่‹ฑๅ›ฝใŒๆฌงๅทž้€ฃๅˆใ‹ใ‚‰้›ข่„ฑใ— ใ€ๅ†ใณ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ๅ›ฝใจใ—ใฆใฎๅœฐไฝใ‚’็ขบ็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
13:24
as an independent country. So this was really  compelling viewing and watching and listening.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ ่ฆ‹ใฆใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใ€่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
13:32
Number nine implausible. Implausible means  something that you just simply cannot  
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9็•ชใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใˆใชใ„ใ€‚ ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๅ˜็ด”ใซไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
13:38
believe. Okay, usually when we talk about  implausible, we talk about excuses, okay,  
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ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใˆใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏ ใ€่จ€ใ„่จณใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:43
so it's really good to use it in the right way.  So if you're writing an essay, or you're trying  
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ
13:49
to explain something, then I would use implausible  specifically when you're talking about stories,  
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ็‰นใซ็‰ฉ่ชžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใฏใ€implausible ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:56
okay? For example, kids who lose the homework  or don't do the homework, or are always trying  
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Š ใ€ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚
14:02
to find some excuse to tell the teacher most of  the excuses that they think up are completely  
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ไฝ•ใ‹่จ€ใ„่จณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆๆ•™ๅธซใซไผใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅญไพ›ใŸใกใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใง ่€ƒใˆใŸ่จ€ใ„่จณใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใŒใพใฃใŸใ
14:07
implausible. And nobody is ever going to believe  them. How could you possibly believe that? That's  
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ่ชฐใ‚‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใชใ„ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใŒไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ
14:13
completely implausible. How could you expect me  to believe that, it's completely implausible. When  
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ใพใฃใŸใไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใชใ‚“ใฆใ€ใพใฃใŸใไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
14:19
does a dog ever eat the homework? Okay, when would  you leave your homework on the bus and forget  
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็ŠฌใŒๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹? ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’ใƒใ‚นใฎไธญใซๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ€
14:27
which bus you were on? I mean, really, these  stories are completely implausible. So usually,  
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ใฉใฎใƒใ‚นใซไน—ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ่ฉฑใฏใพใฃใŸใไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€šๅธธใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
14:33
we're talking about something that's implausible,  which is a white lie that somebody tells to get  
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅŽ„ไป‹ใช็Šถๆณใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŠœใ‘ๅ‡บใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใคใ„ใŸ็œŸใฃ่ตคใชๅ˜˜ใงใ™
14:38
out of a sticky situation. You might you have  a problem forgotten a meeting with a client,  
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ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚คใ‚ขใƒณใƒˆใจใฎไผš่ญฐใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๅ•้กŒใŒ็™บ็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
14:44
for example. And so you're trying to think of how  am I going to tell him that I forgot the meeting,  
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ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ ไผš่ญฐใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅฝผใซไผใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
14:48
maybe I'll tell them the dog was sick, or  maybe I'll tell them my wife was sick, or maybe  
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็ŠฌใŒ็—…ๆฐ—ใ ใจไผใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ๅฆปใŒ็—…ๆฐ—ใ ใจไผใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ
14:53
I'll tell them I lost my laptop or my something  happened with the technology. So these excuses.  
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็งใŒใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒŽใƒผใƒˆใƒ‘ใ‚ฝใ‚ณใƒณใ‚’็ด›ๅคฑใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚„ใ€ ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ไผใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€ใ„่จณใ€‚
15:00
Ah... they might be plausible, but you know, at  the end of the day, it's better to tell the truth  
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ใ‚ใ‚...ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ็ตๅฑ€ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็œŸๅฎŸใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆ
15:04
and just simply own up. Okay, forgot I was under  a bit of pressure, I forgot I'm really sorry. So  
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ใ€ใŸใ ็ด ็›ดใซ่ชใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒฃใƒผใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†
15:09
otherwise you're telling lies and really people  can see through them because they are implausible.
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ใงใชใ„ใจใ€ๅ˜˜ใ‚’ใคใใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใˆใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹็ ดใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:15
Number 10. So we're almost halfway there. Number  10. Sentimental. Now, sentimental means something  
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10 ็•ช็›ฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใปใผๅŠๅˆ†ใซๅˆฐ้”ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็•ชๅท 10. ใ‚ปใƒณใƒใƒกใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ปใƒณใƒใƒกใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซใจใฏใ€ๅฟƒใฎ็ด็ทšใซ่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
15:22
that pulls at the heartstrings a little bit.  Yeah. So those sentimental stories, again,  
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ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ„Ÿๅ‚ท็š„ใช็‰ฉ่ชžใฏใ€ๅ†ใณ
15:29
going back to those American-style movies, perhaps  where young boy's parents die when he's very, very  
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ใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซ้ขจใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใซ้กใ‚Šใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ ๅฐ‘ๅนดใŒ้žๅธธใซๅนผใ„ใจใใซไธก่ฆชใ‚’ไบกใใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
15:37
young. And he's brought up by his grandparents, or  he's got a dog, it's his only friend. And perhaps  
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏ็ฅ–็ˆถๆฏใซ่‚ฒใฆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฝผใฎๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๅ‹้”ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใ
15:44
the boy has some emotional problems. And the dog  is the only thing that he can communicate with.  
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ๅฐ‘ๅนดใฏ็ฒพ็ฅž็š„ใซๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใŒใ‚ณใƒŸใƒฅใƒ‹ใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็Šฌใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:52
And the dog gets sick and the boy is really upset.  So this really pulls at your heartstrings. It's  
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ใใ—ใฆ็Šฌใฏ็—…โ€‹โ€‹ๆฐ—ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ‘ๅนดใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฟƒใฎ็ด็ทšใซ่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
15:58
very emotional, and very sentimental. So we get  a little bit weepy over movies and stories like  
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้žๅธธใซๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใงใ€้žๅธธใซๆ„Ÿๅ‚ท็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€็งใŸใกใฏใใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚„็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๆถ™ใใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™
16:05
that. So sentimental will describe those type of  reviews and quite a good way. People can be very  
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ปใƒณใƒใƒกใƒณใ‚ฟใƒซใจใฏใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎ ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ‚’้žๅธธใซ้ฉๅˆ‡ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใง่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใฏ้žๅธธใซ
16:13
sentimental, they can be attached to certain  belongings that they have, okay, so they don't  
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ๆ„Ÿๅ‚ท็š„ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎๆŒใก็‰ฉใซๅŸท็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
16:19
want to get rid of a particular coat or a jacket,  because it has sentimental value, they don't  
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็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚„ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰‹ๆ”พใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ„Ÿๅ‚ท็š„ใชไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€
16:26
want to get rid of a particular ring or piece of  jewellery that the mother or grandmother left them  
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ๆ‰‹ๆ”พใ—ใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆฏ่ฆชใ‚„็ฅ–ๆฏใŒๆฎ‹ใ—ใŸ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆŒ‡่ผชใ‚„ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚จใƒชใƒผใ‚’
16:33
again, because it has what they call sentimental  value. So when we're reviewing something,  
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ๅ†ใณไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๅ‚ท็š„ใชไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
16:39
and we're going to describe it as sentimental,  it's that type of approach where it makes somebody  
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆ„Ÿๅ‚ท็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ
16:44
feel a little bit emotional, some attachment  to the particular item, whether that's a book,  
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ๆœฌใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใซใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ„›็€ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒญใƒผใƒใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:51
a movie, a piece of jewellery, whatever, it  might be sentimental. Okay, so that's number 10.
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ใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚จใƒชใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๆ„Ÿๅ‚ท็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏ 10 ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใงใฏ
16:56
So we're on to number 11. Now, earlier, we said  and we use the word implausible, now we're going  
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11 ็•ชใซ้€ฒใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ€ใ€Œ ใ‚ใ‚Šใˆใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ไปŠๅบฆใฏใ€Œ
17:02
to use the word credible, which is effectively  the opposite. So in something is credible, it's  
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ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ่ณช็š„ใซใฏ ้€†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€
17:08
believable. So when we used implausible, it meant  that it wasn't really believable. And credible, is  
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ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ไฟกๆ†‘ๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใใฎ
17:15
the opposite credible, is believable, a credible  story, okay. So sometimes when we watch movies,  
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ๅๅฏพใฏไฟกๆ†‘ๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ไฟกๆ†‘ๆ€งใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
17:23
they're a little bit as I would say, far-fetched  meaning, you need a really good imagination,  
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŒ่จ€ใ†ใพใงใ‚‚ใชใใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—็พๅฎŸ้›ขใ‚Œใ—ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็พๅฎŸใจใ—ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€ ้žๅธธใซๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆƒณๅƒๅŠ›ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™
17:28
to look at them in a way where you can think of it  as reality. But if something is credible, then you  
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
17:35
can honestly look at that book, read it and look  at the movie, and watch it. And you can see some  
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ๆญฃ็›ดใซใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€่ชญใ‚“ใงใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
17:43
credibility in it, there's a an ounce or a part  of it that is credible, because you can understand  
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ใใ“ใซใฏใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆใฎไฟก้ ผๆ€งใŒ่ฆ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๅฐ‘ใ—ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
17:49
it. Okay, so when something is credible, than it  is believable. So we often hear stories that are  
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ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
17:57
credible, the plans for the city. So if you're  looking at new plans for the development of your  
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้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฎ่จˆ็”ปใชใฉใ€ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹่ฉฑใŒใ‚ˆใ่žใ‹ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใฎ้–‹็™บใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„่จˆ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
18:04
city, even though they're not going to take place  for several years, it's all credible, because you  
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆ•ฐๅนด้–“ๅฎŸ่กŒใ•ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€
18:10
can see it you can see a little architects design.  Words are one thing, but actual something that you  
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅปบ็ฏ‰ๅฎถใฎๅฐใ•ใช่จญ่จˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จ€่‘‰ใฏๅˆฅใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใŒใ€
18:17
can touch with your hands, see with your own eyes,  makes it somewhat credible. So that whole idea  
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ๆ‰‹ใง่งฆใ‚ŒใŸใ‚Šใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็›ฎใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€ ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
18:23
of the rejuvenation of your city centre makes the  story really, really credible. And if governments  
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ๅธ‚ใฎไธญๅฟƒ้ƒจใ‚’ๆดปๆ€งๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขๅ…จไฝ“ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎ ็‰ฉ่ชžใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆ”ฟๅบœใŒ
18:31
are looking at raising taxes, because they need  extra funds to to pay for this to make your city  
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ๅข—็จŽใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ƒฝๅธ‚ใ‚’
18:37
to bring your city into the 21st century to  get it ready for the 22nd century, then yes,  
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21 ไธ–็ด€ใซใ—ใฆ 22 ไธ–็ด€ใซๅ‚™ใˆใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎ่ณ‡้‡‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใฏ
18:43
it can be credible. And yes, you may well, as a  result, be willing to pay the additional taxes.
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ไฟก้ ผใงใใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใฎ ็ตๆžœใ€่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎ็จŽ้‡‘ใ‚’ๅ–œใ‚“ใงๆ”ฏๆ‰•ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
18:50
Number 12. Impressive. Well, we've all used  this word before when we look at something,  
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12็•ชใ€‚ๅฐ่ฑก็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€็งใŸใกใฏ็š†ใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใใ€
18:57
we hear something, we read something, and we say  yeah, that was really impressive that that left  
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่žใใจใใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชญใ‚€ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๅฐ่ฑก็š„ใงใ€
19:02
a mark on me. So if you're listening to a lecture  from a professor, or you're, you go to listen to  
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็งใซๅฐ่ฑกใซๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ•™ๆŽˆใฎ่ฌ›็พฉใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
19:10
a lecture on your modern architecture, modern  technology, some aspects to do with science,  
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็พไปฃๅปบ็ฏ‰ใ€็พไปฃ ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใ€็ง‘ๅญฆใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๅด้ขใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่ฌ›็พฉใ‚’่žใใซ่กŒใใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€
19:17
you're just interested in hearing what people say,  you can walk away from those lectures thinking,  
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ไบบใ€…ใฎๆ„่ฆ‹ใ‚’่žใใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ใ‚ใฎไบบใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจ ๆ€ใ„ใชใŒใ‚‰่ฌ›็พฉใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆ็ซ‹ใกๅŽปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
19:24
Wow, that guy is really impressive. You know, he  really commands the stage, his use of figures,  
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ใ€‚ ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅฝผใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ๆŒ‡ๆฎใ—ใ€ไบบ็‰ฉใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚„
19:31
that pictures he had, it was really a very,  very impressive performance. And he had really  
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ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€้žๅธธ ใซๅฐ่ฑก็š„ใชใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๅฝผใฏ
19:38
believe in what he has to say. So people who  can use visual effects to backup their story,  
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ่ฆ–่ฆšๅŠนๆžœใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’ใƒใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใงใใ‚‹ไบบใ€
19:45
people who can use charts in a way that will make  the story sound more realistic. This can often be  
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ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Š็พๅฎŸ็š„ใซ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ‚ฐใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ไบบใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
19:53
very impressive. Yeah, that young man, and that  young girl, really impressive. I think they're  
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้žๅธธใซๅฐ่ฑก็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ‚ใฎ่‹ฅใ„็”ทๆ€งใจใ‚ใฎ ่‹ฅใ„ๅฅณใฎๅญใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฐ่ฑก็š„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
19:59
going to go a lot Long way. So somebody who leaves  an impression, somebody who leaves you thinking,  
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ใจใฆใ‚‚้•ทใ„้“ใฎใ‚Šใ‚’ๆญฉใ‚€ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๅฐ่ฑกใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ไบบ ใ€ๅฐ่ฑกใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ไบบใ€
20:04
yep, I can believe in that this would be a  good way to describe that adjective impressive.
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ใใ†ใ€ๅฐ่ฑกใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่กจใ™ใฎใซใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่‰ฏใ„ๆ–นๆณ•ใ ใจ็งใฏไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
20:10
Next stunning. Well, we often use stunning when  we're talking about views in particular. So we've  
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ๆฌกใซ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ็‰นใซใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใŸใกใฏ
20:17
been on a holiday. And we're describing the view  from our hotel balcony, we're describing a view  
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ไผ‘ๆš‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใฎใƒใƒซใ‚ณใƒ‹ใƒผใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็œบใ‚ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
20:24
from the top of a canyon. We're describing  the view from the top of the mountain slopes,  
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ๅณก่ฐทใฎ้ ‚ไธŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็œบใ‚ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏ ๅฑฑใฎๆ–œ้ขใฎ้ ‚ไธŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ็œบใ‚ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
20:30
and we've gone on a ski holiday, then the  word stunning is a word that we would use  
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ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒผไผ‘ๆš‡ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
20:34
and would be very familiar with stunning  views, stunning scenery, and you could  
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็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ๆ™ฏ่‰ฒใซใ‚ˆใ้ฆดๆŸ“ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
20:41
then use the adverb stunningly, stunningly  beautiful. Okay, so something can be stunning,  
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฎ stunningly ใ€ stunningly beautiful ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้ฉšใใปใฉ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
20:47
or can mean stunningly beautiful. So use that  as an adverb or an adjective. But we don't have  
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ใ—ใ€้ฉšใใปใฉ็พŽใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใพใŸใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ไบ‹ใ€ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใ‚‹่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹
20:53
to limit ourselves to scenery and views when we  want to use stunning because it's a word that can  
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ๅ ดๅˆใ€้ขจๆ™ฏใ‚„็œบใ‚ใซ้™ๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
20:58
describe many, many things. You could describe a  dress that your friend is wearing for her wedding,  
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ใ€‚ ๅ‹ไบบใŒ็ตๅฉšๅผใง็€ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
21:05
and she's really spent a lot of money on  it, but she's gone to a lot of trouble to  
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใฎใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคš้กใฎใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒ ใ€
21:10
get the ideal fit for her the length. And  when you see her off, she looked stunning,  
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใซใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใฎไธˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅคšๅคงใชๅŠดๅŠ›ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใ‚’่ฆ‹้€ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€
21:17
the dress was stunning, the design was stunning.  So it doesn't just have to be the things in  
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ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚ถใ‚คใƒณใ‚‚็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่‡ช็„ถ็•Œใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใชใ
21:25
nature can also be things like, outfits,  dresses, and all sorts of aspects like that.
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ใ€ๆœ่ฃ…ใ€ ใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚นใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๅด้ขใ‚‚ๅซใพใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
21:32
Okay, number 14. Now, this is goes the in  the opposite direction, we're talking about  
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ใ•ใฆใ€14 ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ้€†ใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้€ฒใฟใ€
21:37
disappointing. It's a common adjective. And we  can use it to describe lots of things that don't  
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ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ็งใŸใกใฎๆœŸๅพ…ใจไธ€่‡ด ใ—ใชใ„ๅคšใใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
21:44
actually match up to our expectations. We go back  to the football game. Yeah, it was disappointing.  
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ใ€‚ ใƒ•ใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใฎ่ฉฆๅˆใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
21:51
The meal I had last night while I was expecting  it to be a little bit better. But unfortunately,  
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ๆ˜จๅคœใ€ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่‰ฏใใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใชใŒใ‚‰้ฃŸในใŸ้ฃŸไบ‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใชใ“ใจใซใ€
21:57
the food was a little bit overcooked. So it was  disappointing. The results you got in your test,  
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ๅŠ ็†ฑใ—ใ™ใŽใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใงๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸ็ตๆžœใฏใ€
22:04
were a little disappointing,  you're expecting higher marks,  
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจ้ซ˜ใ„็‚นใ‚’ๆœŸๅพ…ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
22:07
you'd worked really, really hard. But one or  two of the questions just didn't suit you. And  
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ไธ€็”Ÿๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ่ณชๅ•ใฎใ†ใก 1 ใคใ‹ 2 ใคใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅˆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
22:13
you didn't do so well. And you knew coming  out of the exam that you didn't do as well  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ†ใพใใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆ€ใฃใŸใปใฉ่‰ฏใ„ๆˆ็ธพใ‚’ๅŽใ‚ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
22:18
as you thought you should have. And that could  be turned out to be a little disappointing. So  
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฎ‹ๅฟตใช็ตๆžœใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
22:24
when you're reviewing your performance of  that particular paper, or several papers,  
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎ่ซ–ๆ–‡ใฎใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใฎ
22:29
you know the reasons why and it is disappointing,  so we can use that word disappointing.
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็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฎ‹ๅฟตใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ใ€Œๆฎ‹ๅฟตใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
22:35
Number 15. Innovative. Well, innovative is  about all about being new, something different,  
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15. ้ฉๆ–ฐ็š„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€้ฉๆ–ฐ็š„ใจใฏใ€ ใ™ในใฆใŒๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ€
22:41
something original, so we can use it in the  modern world, particularly with technology,  
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็‹ฌๅ‰ต็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ็พไปฃ็คพไผšใ€็‰นใซใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใฎ็™บ้”ใซใŠใ„ใฆใ€
22:46
things are changing on a regular basis. You know,  it's hard to keep up with it all of the time. So,  
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็‰ฉไบ‹ใฏๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ๅธธใซใใ‚Œใซ่ฟฝใ„ใคใใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
22:52
technology is often described as innovative. But  it doesn't have to be big, big technology can  
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ใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใฏ้ฉๆ–ฐ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ‚ˆใ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅคงใใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅคงใใชใƒ†ใ‚ฏใƒŽใƒญใ‚ธใƒผใจใฏใ€
22:58
be simple things like applications, something  that somebody hadn't thought of, I'm sure when  
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ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜็ด”ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆ€ใ„ใคใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใฎๆญฉๆ•ฐใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใงใใ‚‹
23:04
somebody introduced an application that would  allow allow you to measure the steps you take  
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ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๅฐŽๅ…ฅใ—ใŸใจใใฏ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
23:10
every day. So all you have to do is slip your  mobile phone into your pocket, go out for your  
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๆบๅธฏ้›ป่ฉฑใ‚’ใƒใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆ
23:15
walk. And when you come back, you check the app  app, and then you've done your 10,000 or 12,000  
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ๆ•ฃๆญฉใซๅ‡บใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆˆปใฃใฆใใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ขใƒ—ใƒชใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ ใจใ€10,000 ๆญฉใ€12,000
23:20
or 14,000 steps that's very innovative, or it was  at the time that it was developed. So innovative,  
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ๆญฉใ€ใพใŸใฏ 14,000 ๆญฉใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซ้ฉๆ–ฐ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ้–‹็™บๅฝ“ๆ™‚ใงใฏใใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚้ฉๆ–ฐ็š„ใงใ€
23:28
describe something new, something really  useful, something that nobody else had  
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ไฝ•ใ‹ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ€ไป–ใฎ่ชฐใ‚‚ๆ€ใ„ใคใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
23:33
thought of. And something that brings you right  into, as we said, the 21st century innovative.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ…ˆใปใฉใ‚‚ ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ 21 ไธ–็ด€ใฎ้ฉๆ–ฐ็š„ใชไธ–็•ŒใธใจๅฐŽใใพใ™ใ€‚
23:40
Number 16 tedious. Well, tedious really means  something difficult, drawn out and boring to  
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16็•ชใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€้€€ๅฑˆใจใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€ใ‚„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ ้›ฃใ—ใใฆใ€้•ทๅผ•ใ„ใฆใ€้€€ๅฑˆใชใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™
23:48
do. Yeah, so lots of work that we do can  be very tedious. It takes a lot of time,  
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ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่กŒใ†ไฝœๆฅญใฎๅคšใใฏ ้žๅธธใซ้ขๅ€’ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‹ใชใ‚Šใฎๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใ€
23:55
there's a lot of detail for perhaps you've got  to do a lot of data entry. So you spend your  
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่ฉณ็ดฐใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ๅคšใใฎใƒ‡ใƒผใ‚ฟๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ‚’่กŒใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
24:00
time filling in fields on an Excel spreadsheet.  That's a good way to describe tedious because  
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Excel ใ‚นใƒ—ใƒฌใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใฎใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใซๅ…ฅๅŠ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้€€ๅฑˆใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซ้ฉใ—ใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™
24:07
it's boring. It's an interesting, and you're  not quite sure what exactly you're doing. Okay,  
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ใ€‚ ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
24:12
so that could be very, very tedious.  So if you're reviewing something else,  
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ใใ‚Œใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใจใฆใ‚‚้ขๅ€’ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
24:17
that could be tedious. It could  be a storyline that's really,  
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้ขๅ€’ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅЇไธญใง ้žๅธธใซ้žๅธธใซ้…ใ„ใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผๅฑ•้–‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
24:21
really slow in the play, or the plot in the book  and you're really waiting for something to happen,  
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ใ‚„ใ€ๆœฌใฎใƒ—ใƒญใƒƒใƒˆใง ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
24:28
but nothing actually does. You're really waiting  for the excitement to arrive. But it never does.  
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ใŒใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไฝ•ใ‚‚่ตทใ“ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่ˆˆๅฅฎใŒ่จชใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆฑบใ—ใฆใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
24:33
So you could describe it as particularly tedious.  The conversations were slow, the action was  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็‰นใซ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่กจ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไผš่ฉฑใฏ้…ใใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏ
24:40
non existent. It was like going to the dentist  waiting to have a tooth pulled extremely tedious.
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ๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ๆญฏๅŒป่€…ใซ่กŒใฃใฆ ๆญฏใ‚’ๆŠœใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใฎใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€้žๅธธใซ้€€ๅฑˆใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
24:49
Okay, so the next word, entertaining a little  better known adjective. I'm sure everybody  
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ๅฐ‘ใ— ใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
24:56
understands the word entertaining, and we can  use it to describe many In many situations,  
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้ข็™ฝใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšใใฎ็Šถๆณใงใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใ“ใจใ‚’่กจ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
25:01
for example, a visit to the circus can be  entertaining it doesn't mean that you have  
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใธใฎ่จชๅ•ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
25:06
to be splitting your sides laughing all  the time. Although there are funny clowns  
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ๅธธใซ่…นใ‚’ๅ‰ฒใฃใฆ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใซใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใƒ”ใ‚จใƒญใŒใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€
25:11
in the circus then they will be amusing  but entertaining is something that is  
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ข็™ฝใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใŒใ€้ข็™ฝใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ
25:16
something for all of the family. Yeah,  it was a really entertaining evening,  
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ๅฎถๆ—ๅ…จๅ“กใซใจใฃใฆใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฅฝใ—ใ„ๅคœใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
25:20
there were acrobats there were the guys walking  on the high wire the trapeze artists, everybody  
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใƒญใƒใƒƒใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้ซ˜ใ„ใƒฏใ‚คใƒคใƒผใฎไธŠใ‚’ๆญฉใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใŸใกใ‚„ ็ฉบไธญใƒ–ใƒฉใƒณใ‚ณใฎใ‚ขใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚นใƒˆใ‚‚ใ„ใฆใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒ
25:27
was entertained. So it was entertaining for the  whole family or really good family. Entertainment.  
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ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ๅฎถๆ—ๅ…จๅ“กใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซไปฒใฎ่‰ฏใ„ๅฎถๆ—ใซใจใฃใฆใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ†ใ‚คใƒณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ€‚
25:34
So entertaining means something that keeps  you occupied as usually good value for money.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ†ใ‚คใƒกใƒณใƒˆใจใฏใ€ ้€šๅธธใ€ใŠ้‡‘ใซ่ฆ‹ๅˆใฃใŸไพกๅ€คใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใจใ—ใฆใ€ๅคขไธญใซใชใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
25:41
18 memorable. Now memorable Is that something  that leaves a lasting memory for you something  
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่จ˜ๅฟตใ™ในใ18ๆžšใ€‚ ไปŠๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใจใฃใฆๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใชๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใ‹
25:47
that you can remember for a long, long time.  So special events in our lives are memorable,  
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ใ€้•ทใ„้–“่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎไบบ็”ŸใซใŠใ‘ใ‚‹็‰นๅˆฅใชๅ‡บๆฅไบ‹ใฏๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
25:54
or wedding day, of course, the birth  of our children, a special birthday,  
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็ตๅฉšๅผใฎๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ ๅญไพ›ใฎ่ช•็”Ÿใ€็‰นๅˆฅใช่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ€้€€่ทๆ—ฅใฎ
25:59
a 40th birthday or 50th of the day in which  we retire. They all can be memorable and when  
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40 ๆญณใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใ‚„ 50 ๆญณใฎ่ช•็”Ÿๆ—ฅใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
26:06
we look back, we've got lots of normally good  memories. So if you're looking at photographs,  
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ๆŒฏใ‚Š่ฟ”ใฃใฆใฟใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ™ฎ้€šใซ่‰ฏใ„ ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ„ใค
26:13
then you you can remember when they were taken  you can remember the people in the photographs  
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ๆ’ฎๅฝฑใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‹ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ ๅ†™็œŸใซๅ†™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒ
26:19
you can remember the situation all of this is  memorable, something that will leave a lasting  
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ใงใใ€ใใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใŒ ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่จ˜ๆ†ถใซๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใช
26:25
mark on your memory. Yeah, because there are  lots of things in our lives that we would like  
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็—•่ทกใ‚’ๆฎ‹ใ™ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใ€ ็งใŸใกใฎไบบ็”Ÿใซใฏ
26:30
to forget and we forget very quickly but  something good something happy something  
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ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸใ„ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ™ใใซๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใ€ๅนธใ›ใชใ“ใจใ€
26:36
that brings a smile to our face. Something  that was really touching can be memorable.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใกใฎ้ก”ใซ็ฌ‘้ก”ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ„Ÿๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏ่จ˜ๆ†ถใซๆฎ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
26:42
Unconvincing. Number 19 is unconvincing. Now  unconvincing a little bit similar to we have  
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่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใชใ„ใ€‚ 19ใจใ„ใ†ๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฏ่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใฎ ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใจๅฐ‘ใ—ไผผใฆใ„ใพใ™
26:48
implausible. Implausible we said was something you  just couldn't believe. But unconvincing not quite  
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ€Œไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจใฏใ€ ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใง่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
26:54
the same. You can give somebody the benefit of the  doubt. But you're not convinced the so the story  
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ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใซ็–‘ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅˆฉ็›Šใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็ดๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใฎใงใ€ใใฎ่ฉฑใฏ
27:00
was unconvincing. Yeah. I was listening many, many  years ago to the debates between Hillary Clinton  
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่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏไฝ• ๅนดใ‚‚ๅ‰ใ€
27:09
and Donald Trump for the presidential election.  But neither of them to me was very convincing  
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ๅคง็ตฑ้ ˜้ธๆŒ™ใซๅ‘ใ‘ใŸใƒ’ใƒฉใƒชใƒผใƒปใ‚ฏใƒชใƒณใƒˆใƒณใจใƒ‰ใƒŠใƒซใƒ‰ใƒปใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใƒ—ใฎ่จŽ่ซ–ไผšใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ตŒๆธˆใ‚„ๅค–ไบคๅ•้กŒใซใฉใ†ๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉณ็ดฐใช่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใจใใ€็งใซใจใฃใฆใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ‚ใพใ‚Š่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ
27:16
when they were asked detailed questions about the  economy, or how they would handle foreign affairs.  
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ใ€‚
27:22
They weren't convincing. They were unconvincing.  So you know, when you're listening to somebody,  
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎ่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€่ญฐ่ซ–ใฎ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ
27:28
you're trying to get their side of an  argument, trying to see whether they  
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ๅดใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆ ใ€่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†่ชฌๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
27:32
can persuade you to change your mind. If they  don't persuade you to change that your mind,  
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ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†่ชฌๅพ—ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
27:38
then it's unconvincing. Yep. Okay. So when you're  not convinced by what somebody has put forward,  
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ใใ‚Œใฏ่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใฏใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒๆๆกˆใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซ็ดๅพ—ใงใใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€
27:44
then it doesn't make any impression on you.  So their arguments were very unconvincing.
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซไฝ•ใฎๅฐ่ฑกใ‚‚ไธŽใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใฏ้žๅธธใซ่ชฌๅพ—ๅŠ›ใซๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
27:50
Number 20, excruciating, excruciating. So  just be careful here with the pronunciation  
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20็•ชใ€่€ใˆ้›ฃใ„ใ€่€ใˆ้›ฃใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€่€ใˆ้›ฃใ„็™บ้Ÿณใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
27:57
excruciating. A visit to the dentist can be  excruciating. If you're getting an extraction,  
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ใ€‚ ๆญฏ็ง‘ๅŒปใธใฎ่จชๅ•ใฏ่€ใˆ้›ฃใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆŠœๆญฏใ‚„
28:03
a tooth taken out, and they thought of a  needle going into the gum, you know that  
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ๆญฏใฎๆŠœๆญฏใ€ใใ—ใฆ ๆญฏ่ŒŽใซ้‡ใ‚’ๅˆบใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
28:08
all wincing with pain, excruciating. Okay, so  that's something really, really painful. Now,  
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่€ใˆ้›ฃใ„็—›ใฟใง่บซใŒใ™ใใ‚€ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่พ›ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ
28:17
when we're reviewing something like a really,  really bad theatre performance, a really poor  
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ใ€ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใฒใฉใ„ๅЇๅ ดๅ…ฌๆผ”ใ‚„ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใฒใฉใ„
28:24
movie. It's really, really slow. We can say  off. It's so bad, excruciating. Yeah. I mean,  
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ๆ˜ ็”ปใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ้…ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚„ใ‚ ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ใฒใฉใ„ใ€่€ใˆ้›ฃใ„ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
28:31
you have to sit there, watch it, listen to it,  read it. Really, really painful. No action,  
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ใใ“ใซๅบงใฃใฆใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใ€ ่ชญใพใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็—›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚‚
28:38
and no entertainment. I don't know who made  this particular movie or who directed this  
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ใ‚จใƒณใ‚ฟใƒผใƒ†ใ‚คใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ชฐใŒ ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’ไฝœใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ€่ชฐใŒใ“ใฎ
28:44
particular play. But it is really painful. I'd  prefer to stay at home and watch paint dry. It  
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๅЇใ‚’็›ฃ็ฃใ—ใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใงใ‚‚ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ่‹ฆใ—ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ๅฎถใซใ„ใฆใ€ใƒšใƒณใ‚ญใŒไนพใใฎใ‚’็œบใ‚ใฆใ„ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
28:51
was excruciating, slow, uninteresting,  and downright boring, excruciating.
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่€ใˆ้›ฃใ„ใปใฉ้…ใใ€้ข็™ฝใใชใใ€ ใพใฃใŸใ้€€ๅฑˆใง่€ใˆ้›ฃใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
28:59
And then finally, moving. Something that  is moving usually affects the emotions,  
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ใใ—ใฆใคใ„ใซๅผ•ใฃ่ถŠใ—ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™
29:05
okay. So these could be really interesting  stories, where people have lost everything  
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„็‰ฉ่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ไบบใ€…ใฏใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅคฑใ„
29:11
and they have to move from one country to  another, perhaps the family has been split up,  
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ใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅ›ฝใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ ใชใ‚‰ใšใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๅฎถๆ—ใฏ้›ขๆ•ฃใ—ใ€
29:18
and then eventually they reunite after years of  struggling or perhaps they are fighting for their  
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ใใฎๅพŒไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซๅ†ไผšใ™ใ‚‹ ใ‹ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใๆจฉๅˆฉใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆˆฆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
29:24
rights. And every time that they put forward  some argument or evidence, it's shut down, and  
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ‚„่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’ๆๅ‡บใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใณใซใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–‰้Ž–ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
29:31
they can get no justice, that can be very moving  something that really pulls at the heartstrings,  
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ๆญฃ็พฉใ‚’ๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๆ„Ÿๅ‹•็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฟƒใฎ็ด็ทšใซ่งฆใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
29:39
that tests your emotions, you have to hold back  the tears on deed, perhaps you're not able to  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่ฉฆใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่กŒ็‚บใซๆถ™ใ‚’ใ“ใ‚‰ใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€
29:45
hold back the tears because it does move you  to tears listening to those sorts of stories.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ฉฑใ‚’่žใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆ„Ÿๅ‹•ใ—ใฆๆถ™ใŒๅ‡บใฆใ—ใพใ†ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆถ™ใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
29:52
Okay, so these are all things that we can talk  about when we are reviewing any particular  
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ๆœฌใงใ‚ใ‚Œ
29:58
activity, whether it's a book, movie, whether it's  a theatre production, a speech made by somebody,  
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ใ€ๆ˜ ็”ปใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ๆผ”ๅЇไฝœๅ“ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€่ชฐใ‹ใฎใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
30:06
arguments, political or otherwise, all of these  adjectives they given you can be used some way in  
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่ญฐ่ซ–ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ๆ”ฟๆฒป็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใใฎไป–ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚’ใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ไบ‹ๆŸ„ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ‰ๆใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
30:12
relation to those. So just try and practice them,  you won't remember them all. Of course, you won't,  
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใŸใ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€
30:17
but try to use some of them. Particularly if  you want to prepare for those proficiency exams.  
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ็‰นใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆŠ€่ƒฝ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ†™็œŸใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹
30:22
You really would like to use some of these when  you're describing photos or if you're describing  
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ใจใใ€ใพใŸใฏ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
30:28
situations and these are certainly words that  you can use. And if you need any more help you  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็ขบใ‹ใซ ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚‰ใซใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
30:33
need any more examples when of course you can  contact me very happy to help you very happy  
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซไพ‹ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“็งใซใ”้€ฃ็ตกใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’
30:38
to give you more situations when you can use  them if that's what you need. Okay, so this is  
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ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใใฎไป–ใฎ็Šถๆณใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
30:42
Harry saying thank you for watching. Thank you for  listening, and join me again for the next lesson.
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ใƒใƒชใƒผใŒ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ๆธ…่ดใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใพใŸๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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