AVOID BASIC ENGLISH ๐Ÿšซ| 10 Adjectives to Transform Your Vocabulary

25,943 views ใƒป 2024-09-04

Learn English with Harry


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi there. This is Harry. Welcome back to Advanced  English Lessons with Harry, where I try to help  
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ ใƒใƒชใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒใƒชใƒผใฎไธŠ็ดš่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€
00:04
you get a better understanding of the English  language. Hopefully, we are helping you improve  
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆทฑใ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใงใใ‚Œใฐใ€็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸ
00:10
your spoken English, your conversational  English, your business English, or indeed,  
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ใฎ่‹ฑไผš่ฉฑใ€ไผš่ฉฑ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ€ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‘ไธŠใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ
00:14
if you're preparing for that all-important  proficiency exam. Well, you've come to the  
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้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใช ๆŠ€่ƒฝ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–นใฎๅ‘ไธŠใซ่ฒข็Œฎใงใใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซๆฅใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸ
00:18
right place; we'll help you with your vocabulary,  your grammar, pronunciation, whatever it is.
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ใฎ่ชžๅฝ™ใ€ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใชใฉใ€ไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
We are here to help you.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:25
And in this particular advanced English lesson,  we're looking at other ways to say difficult.  
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ใ“ใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชไธŠ็ดš่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๆคœ่จŽใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
So it's an advanced English lesson looking  at other ways to say difficult. So I've got  
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ้›ฃใ—ใ„่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใง่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ไธŠ็ดš่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
ten particular words. I'll go through them with  you and give you an example of when you can use  
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็‰นๅˆฅใชๅ˜่ชžใŒ 10 ๅ€‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใ‚ใชใŸใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆคœ่จŽใ— ใ€
00:43
those particular words in those situations. So,  difficult is something that's not so easy to do.
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใงใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ„ใคไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ†็ฐกๅ˜ใซใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:50
It can be some written work  that's difficult. It could be  
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:53
a task that the school gives you that's difficult.
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ๅญฆๆ กใ‹ใ‚‰ไธŽใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹้›ฃใ—ใ„่ชฒ้กŒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:57
It could be a speaking engagement, and it's  difficult to write the speech or to prepare  
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใฎไป•ไบ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒใ‚„ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใงใ™
01:03
for it or the presentation, whatever it might  be. There are lots and lots of things in life  
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ใ€‚ ไบบ็”Ÿใซใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:09
that are difficult. Making ends meet in  terms of our budget can be difficult,  
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ใ€‚ ไบˆ็ฎ—ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚Šใใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
01:14
but there are ways and different  ways in which we can express that.
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ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กจ็พใงใใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚„ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–นๆณ•ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
01:17
And we don't have to use the word difficult  all the time. So here we've got a list of ten.  
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ใพใŸใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅธธใซไฝฟใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ 10 ๅ€‹ใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:23
I'm going to give them to you one by one,  and then we'll go through them at the end,  
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ 1 ใคใšใค่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใ€ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:27
and you know the drill by now. If  you have any problems or you need  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ใ†ใƒ‰ใƒชใƒซใฏ็†่งฃใงใใŸใฏใšใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ
01:30
some further explanation, just come back  to me at www.englishlessonviaskype.com.
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ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ่ฉณใ—ใ„่ชฌๆ˜ŽใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ www.englishlessonviaskype.com ใพใงใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:35
Always happy to help you. Always happy  to give you some additional help.
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ใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ๅ–œใ‚“ใง ๆไพ›ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:40
Okay, so back to the lesson. Some other ways to  say difficult. First one: demanding. So something  
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€ใ„ๆ–น ใ€‚ 1ใค็›ฎ๏ผš่ฆๆฑ‚ใŒๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€่ฆๆฑ‚ใฎๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฏ
01:47
that is demanding is difficult. Okay. The work  that I have is very demanding. Preparing lessons,  
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้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ็งใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ€
01:56
scripts, and lesson profiles, and setting out  the lessons that I want to do with the students  
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ๅฐๆœฌใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใƒ—ใƒญใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ—ใ€ ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใจ่กŒใ†ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ€
02:02
can be very demanding. Checking homework can  be very demanding if there's a lot to check,  
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้žๅธธใซ้ชจใฎๆŠ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎฟ้กŒใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใฏใ€ ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ในใใ“ใจใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’ไฟฎๆญฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€้žๅธธใซ้ชจใŒๆŠ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไฝœๆฅญใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
02:09
and you have to go over some mistakes  that are repeated time and time again.
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ใ€‚ ๅŒปๅธซใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
02:14
Some people have jobs that are very demanding,  
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้žๅธธใซๅŽณใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™
02:17
like doctors. They demand the  time they have to be on call.
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ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ้›ป่ฉฑๅฏพๅฟœใซๅฟ…่ฆใชๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฆๆฑ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:22
Dentists, all those professional  people who have spent many years  
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ๆญฏ็ง‘ๅŒปใชใฉใ€ ้•ทๅนดใ‹ใ‘ใฆ่ณ‡ๆ ผใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใใŸๅฐ‚้–€ๅฎถใฏใ€
02:27
qualifying can have very demanding  jobs. And it depends, of course,  
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้žๅธธใซๅŽณใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใซๅฐฑใใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
02:31
on the hospital or the area in  which they work. So demanding.
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็—…้™ขใ‚„ๅ‹คๅ‹™ๅœฐๅŸŸใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆๆฑ‚ใŒๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ€‚
02:35
Number two: challenging. Well, something that  is challenging can be difficult. It doesn't  
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ใใฎ 2: ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใชใ“ใจใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:41
mean it's impossible, but it is going to be  difficult to achieve it. So if you're into these,
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ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ ้”ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
02:48
Sports where you've got to take extra risks,  it could be climbing a mountain. It could  
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่ฟฝๅŠ ใฎใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏใ‚’่ฒ ใ‚ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅฑฑ็™ปใ‚Šใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:55
be hang gliding. It could be kayaking. These  can be quite challenging or quite difficult.
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ใƒใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ฐใƒฉใ‚คใƒ€ใƒผใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ซใƒคใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ้žๅธธใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:02
Now, you could stand at the bottom of  the mountain and you can look up and say,  
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฑฑใฎใตใ‚‚ใจใซ็ซ‹ใฃใฆใ€ ้ก”ใ‚’ไธŠใ’ใฆใ€ใ€Œ
03:06
this is going to be difficult today  or this is going to be challenging,  
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ—ใฆใ€
03:10
and challenging probably means  that, yeah, you'll get there,  
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ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใ€Œ ใฏใ„ใ€ใใ“ใซ็€ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€
03:14
but not without some difficulty. It's, you  know, it's going to take a little bit longer  
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใใ†ใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคšๅฐ‘ใฎๅ›ฐ้›ฃใ‚‚ใชใใ€‚ ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€
03:17
than you thought. But when you do get to the  top, you'll feel really, really good about it.
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ๆ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€้ ‚ไธŠใซๅˆฐ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒ่‰ฏใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
So challenging.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:24
Tough. Another word for difficult, tough,  tough mathematical problems. Yeah. Okay,  
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ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชใ€ ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๆ•ฐๅญฆ็š„ๅ•้กŒใ‚’่กจใ™ๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€
03:31
so the teacher has taken you through the course.  You're getting ready for the final push before the  
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ๆ•™ๅธซใŒใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใ‚’ๆกˆๅ†…ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆœ€็ต‚่ฉฆ้จ“ๅ‰ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ่ฟฝใ„่พผใฟใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:37
final exams. And you know that the last few  weeks are going to be really, really tough.  
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ๆ•ฐ ้€ฑ้–“ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:42
You're going to have to go over a lot of the work  that you started two years ago in this course.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ณใƒผใ‚นใงใฏใ€2 ๅนดๅ‰ใซๅง‹ใ‚ใŸๅคšใใฎไฝœๆฅญใ‚’ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:48
You've got to remember how  to solve these problems,  
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ•้กŒใฎ่งฃๆฑบๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎ็Šถๆณ
03:51
and then you've got to put yourself in an  exam situation and get ready to answer the  
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ใซ่บซใ‚’็ฝฎใ ใ€็ด™้ข
03:56
questions that would be in front of you on  the paper. So yeah, it's going to be tough.
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ไธŠใงๅ‡บ้กŒใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่ณชๅ•ใซ็ญ”ใˆใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๅคงๅค‰ใชใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:01
How was the exam today? Oh, it was really tough. I  mean, some of the questions really challenged you,  
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใฏใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅคงๅค‰ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใŒใ€ใชใ‚“ใจใ‹
04:08
but I managed to get through it okay. So tough,  but not totally difficult. Something you can  
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็„กไบ‹ใซ็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅคงๅค‰ใงใ™ ใŒใ€ใพใฃใŸใ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
04:15
achieve. But it is. Yeah. Something that  you have to work at and think about. Tough.
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้”ๆˆใงใใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ–ใ‚Š็ต„ใ‚“ใง่€ƒใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€‚ ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ€‚
04:21
Arduous. This is an unusual name. You may not  have come across this unusual word before. So  
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ๅคงๅค‰ใ ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็ใ—ใ„ๅๅ‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใซใ“ใ‚Œใพใงๅ‡บไผšใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
04:27
something that is arduous is again very,  very difficult. Yeah. We often use this  
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ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚„ใฏใ‚Šใ€้žๅธธใซใ€ ้žๅธธใซๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€
04:35
in connection with a long, hard journey.  So if you had to get from one part of the  
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้•ทใใฆๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๆ—…ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๅคง้™ธใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๅœฐๅŸŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅœฐๅŸŸใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
04:42
continent to the other and there was some  problem with your travel arrangements,  
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ๆ—…่กŒใฎๆ‰‹้…ใซไฝ•ใ‚‰ใ‹ใฎๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€
04:48
or indeed for part of it, you had to take  trains and buses instead of a flight.
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ใพใŸใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใฎไธ€้ƒจใซใคใ„ใฆใฏใ€ ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ้›ป่ปŠใ‚„ใƒใ‚นใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ†
04:53
Then you could describe it as an arduous  journey. So at the end of a very long,  
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ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๆ—…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ้•ทใใ€
05:00
hard, arduous journey, you were ready for.
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ๅŽณใ—ใใ€ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๆ—…ใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:04
Holiday, a few days' rest. So perhaps you  hopped on a plane from Lisbon to Madrid.  
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ไผ‘ๆ—ฅใ€ๆ•ฐๆ—ฅ้–“ใฎไผ‘ใฟใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ ใƒชใ‚นใƒœใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒžใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใƒ‰่กŒใใฎ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใฃใŸใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
05:10
You took a train from Madrid to Barcelona. You  hired a car from Barcelona to Perpignan in the  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒžใƒ‰ใƒชใƒƒใƒ‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒใƒซใ‚ปใƒญใƒŠใพใง้›ป่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใƒใƒซใ‚ปใƒญใƒŠใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ—ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใฎใƒšใƒซใƒ”ใƒ‹ใƒฃใƒณใพใงใƒฌใƒณใ‚ฟใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ๅ€Ÿใ‚Š
05:19
south of France, and then you got a  bus to take you all the way to Paris.
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ใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใƒใ‚นใงใƒ‘ใƒชใพใง่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
05:24
So after two days of travelling, you could  describe that as a long, hard, arduous journey.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€2 ๆ—ฅ้–“ใฎๆ—…่กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ้•ทใใ€ๅŽณใ—ใใ€ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชๆ—…ใ ใฃใŸใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:32
Daunting. Daunting. Like, challenging is  something that is going to be difficult,  
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ๆฐ—ใฎ้ ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใฎ้ ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™
05:39
but it is achievable. Okay, running a marathon  could be described as daunting. It's a difficult  
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ใŒใ€้”ๆˆใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆฐ—ใฎ ้ ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ“ใจใ ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„
05:47
job to do. It's a difficult sport. You've  got to put in a lot of training. You don't  
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ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใฎใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’็ฉใ‚€ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:51
just decide to run a marathon tomorrow,  put on your running gear, and run 40km.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚ใ†ใจๆฑบใ‚ใฆใ€ ใƒฉใƒณใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐ ใ‚ฎใ‚ขใ‚’่ฃ…็€ใ—ใฆ 40 km ใ‚’่ตฐใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:56
No. You start building up with a bit of training,  
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ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚9 ใ‹ๆœˆใ‹ 12 ใ‹ๆœˆๅ‰ใซใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ใฎใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใง่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ‚’้ซ˜ใ‚ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™
06:00
maybe nine months, 12 months in advance.  So you start off at one kilometre a day,
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€1 ๆ—ฅ 1 ใ‚ญใƒญใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€
06:05
Picking it up to 2 or 3, and then by the  time you get to six months of training,  
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2 ใ‚ญใƒญใพใŸใฏ 3 ใ‚ญใƒญใซๅข—ใ‚„ใ—ใ€ 6 ใ‹ๆœˆ้–“ใƒˆใƒฌใƒผใƒ‹ใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹้ ƒใซใฏใ€
06:11
you're ready perhaps to run half  marathon. And then you build it up.
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒใƒผใƒ•ใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒๆ•ดใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:15
Effectively, you never actually run  a full marathon until the day of the  
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ไบ‹ๅฎŸไธŠใ€ใƒฌใƒผใ‚นๅฝ“ๆ—ฅใพใงๅฎŸ้š›ใซใƒ•ใƒซใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใ‚’่ตฐใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:18
race. That's. You're building  up strength in your legs to.
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€‚ ่„šใฎ็ญ‹ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅผทๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:22
Maintain your running speed through that 40km.  But it's a daunting challenge. It's difficult,  
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40km ใพใงใฏใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’็ถญๆŒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐ—ใฎ้ ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™
06:30
but when you finish it, you'll be so, so glad,  whatever the time you achieve. So daunting.
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ใŒใ€้”ๆˆใ—ใŸใจใใฏใ€ ใŸใจใˆ้”ๆˆใงใใŸใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใŒ้ ใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:36
Gruelling. Gruelling is about hard work.
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ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ๅคงๅค‰ใชไป•ไบ‹ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:40
Perhaps it's hot work working out in the  sunshine. If you're in a country where  
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅคช้™ฝใฎๅ…‰ใฎไธ‹ใงใฎๆš‘ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
06:46
the sun during the summer and the temperature  reaches 35 to 40 degrees, so any work outdoors  
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ๅคใฎ้–“ใซๅคช้™ฝใŒ็…งใ‚Šใคใ‘ใ€ๆฐ—ๆธฉใŒ 35 ๏ฝž 40 ๅบฆใซ้”ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ›ฝใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใŸใจใˆใใ‚ŒใŒๅบญไป•ไบ‹ใ‚„่พฒๅ ดไป•ไบ‹ใ€ใƒ–ใƒ‰ใ‚ฆ็•‘ใงใฎไป•ไบ‹ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๅฑ‹ๅค–ใงใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏ
06:54
is going to be very gruelling, even if it's  working in a garden or working on a farm,  
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้žๅธธใซ้Ž้…ทใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:00
working in a vineyard, whatever it might be, that  work could be gruelling under the hot, hot sun.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใใฎ ไป•ไบ‹ใฏ็ผ็†ฑใฎๅคช้™ฝใฎไธ‹ใง้Ž้…ทใชใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:06
Very difficult. Or you could be working in a  factory where you have to use your hands and  
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ใจใฆใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏใ€ๅทฅๅ ดใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๆ‰‹ใจ
07:11
your body strength, carrying loads, picking up  loads, going from one part of the factory to the  
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ไฝ“ๅŠ›ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใ€่ท็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ€่ท็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŒใกไธŠใ’ใŸใ‚Š ใ€ๅทฅๅ ดใฎไธ€้ƒจใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ็งปๅ‹•ใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
07:18
other. And you may have trolleys to help you,  but there's a lot of physical work involved,  
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๆ‰‹ๅŠฉใ‘ใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅฐ่ปŠใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๅคšใใฎ่‚‰ไฝ“ๅŠดๅƒใŒไผดใ†ใŸใ‚ใ€
07:23
so you could describe that as  extremely gruelling and tiring.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ ้žๅธธใซ้Ž้…ทใง็–ฒใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
07:28
And at the end of each day or week, you're  very tired and you need to soak in a long,  
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆฏŽๆ—ฅใ‚„้€ฑใฎ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใซใฏใ€ ใจใฆใ‚‚็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็†ฑใ„ใŠ้ขจๅ‘‚ใซ้•ทใๆตธใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
07:33
hot bath or take a long, hot  shower and rest. So gruelling.
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็†ฑใ„ใ‚ทใƒฃใƒฏใƒผใ‚’ๆตดใณใฆ ไผ‘ใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚้Ž้…ทใงใ™ใ€‚
07:39
Rigorous. Another word that you may not  have come across so often. Rigorous,  
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ๅŽณๆ ผใชใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‚ ใ‚ใพใ‚Š็›ฎใซใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฎใชใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅŽณๅฏ†ใ€
07:44
so rigorous can often used to describe  checking procedure. So, you...
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้žๅธธใซๅŽณๅฏ†ใฏใ€ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏๆ‰‹้ †ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ‚ˆใไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ...
07:51
When we manufacture something. It could be  computers or desktops or cameras or whatever  
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฃฝ้€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใƒ‡ใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒˆใƒƒใƒ—ใ€ใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใชใฉใ€
07:57
it is, they are checked and rechecked to  make sure that they work correctly before  
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
08:03
they are packaged and boxed and sent off to  the wholesaler and then on to the retailer.
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ๆขฑๅŒ…ใ€็ฎฑ่ฉฐใ‚ใ•ใ‚Œใฆ ๅธๅฃฒๆฅญ่€…ใซ้€ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ€ใใฎๅพŒๅฐๅฃฒๆฅญ่€…ใซ้€ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๆญฃใ—ใๅ‹•ไฝœใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ๆคœๆŸปใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
08:08
So we could say that these items that  are manufactured go through a rigorous  
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ•†ๅ“ใฏ ๅŽณๆ ผใชๆคœๆŸปๆ‰‹้ †ใ‚’็ตŒใฆ่ฃฝ้€ ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
08:15
checking procedure. So maybe every fifth or  10th or 20th item is taken off the conveyor  
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ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใ 5 ๅ€‹ใ”ใจใ€ 10 ๅ€‹ใ”ใจใ€ใพใŸใฏ 20 ๅ€‹ใ”ใจใซใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใŒใ‚ณใƒณใƒ™ใ‚ข ใƒ™ใƒซใƒˆใ‹ใ‚‰ๅค–ใ•ใ‚Œ
08:22
belt and is checked rigorously to make sure  that it works. Because what we don't want,  
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ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใŒๅŽณๅฏ†ใซใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„ใฎใฏใ€ๅ‹•ไฝœใ—ใชใ„
08:27
we don't want a lot of returns of products that  don't work. Occasionally 1 or 2 will get through.
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่ฃฝๅ“ใฎๅคง้‡ใฎ่ฟ”ๅ“ใ‚’ๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏ1๏ฝž2ไบบใŒ้€š้Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:33
That will be a problem, and they'll  be returned and the manufacturer will  
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ใใ‚Œใฏๅ•้กŒใจใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ ่ฟ”ๅ“ใ•ใ‚Œใ€ใƒกใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ
08:38
replace it. But all of these items  go through a very, very specific,  
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ไบคๆ›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ†ใƒ ใฏใ™ในใฆ ใ€้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใง
08:43
rigorous checking procedure. So rigorous  means really difficult. It's not just checking  
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ๅŽณๆ ผใชใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏๆ‰‹้ †ใ‚’็ตŒใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ So strict ใจใฏใ€ ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ˜ใซ
08:49
to see if the boxes okay. It's making  sure that each individual part works,  
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ใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใŒๆญฃๅธธใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€
08:54
that each individual part fits, and each  individual part is connected to the other.
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ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒ้ฉๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณ ๅ€‹ใ€…ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒไบ’ใ„ใซๆŽฅ็ถšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:59
So a rigorous check.
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ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงๅŽณใ—ใ„ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€‚
09:02
Tricky. Well, difficult and tricky. Something  that's tricky is it makes you think, okay,  
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ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ€‚ ใพใ‚ใ€้›ฃใ—ใใฆ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ ใƒ‘ใ‚บใƒซใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใ‚ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
09:08
a crossword puzzle can be tricky. I like tricky  crossword puzzles because you've got to use your.  
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ ใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ ใƒ‘ใ‚บใƒซใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚
09:14
Your brain's got to think of those words. And  often the clues that they give you are cryptic.  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใฏไธๅฏ่งฃใงใ™ใ€‚
09:20
So they're not straightforward. So you've got to  really think about them so they can be tricky.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅ˜็ด”ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ็œŸๅ‰ฃใซ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:25
So a mathematical problem that your son or  daughter brings home from school can be tricky. If  
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ๆฏๅญใ‚„ ๅจ˜ใŒๅญฆๆ กใ‹ใ‚‰ๆŒใกๅธฐใ‚‹ๆ•ฐๅญฆใฎๅ•้กŒใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:31
you haven't looked at mathematics for a long, long  time so you're not so sure how to help them. Yeah.
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้•ทใ„้–“ๆ•ฐๅญฆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใŸใ‚ใ€ใฉใฎ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ•ฐๅญฆใ‚’ใ‚ตใƒใƒผใƒˆใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใ‹ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ€งๆ ผใŒ่ก็ชใ™ใ‚‹
09:37
A problem that you have at work dealing with two  people where there's a clash of personalities  
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2 ไบบใฎไบบ้–“ใ‚’็›ธๆ‰‹ใซใ™ใ‚‹่ทๅ ดใงใฎๅ•้กŒใฏใ€
09:43
that can also be tricky because, as you know,  it's probably the biggest problem in an office.
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ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ชใƒ•ใ‚ฃใ‚นใงๆœ€ๅคงใฎๅ•้กŒใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆ‰ฑใ„ใŒ้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:49
The biggest problem that when if you're a  manager is dealing with people and their  
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎๆœ€ๅคงใฎๅ•้กŒใฏใ€ ไบบใ€…ใจใใฎๅ•้กŒใซๅฏพๅ‡ฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
09:54
problems. So these can be described as  tricky, not impossible, just tricky.
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€ไธๅฏ่ƒฝใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ๅ˜ใซๅŽ„ไป‹ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่กจ็พใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
09:59
Awkward. Well, an awkward situation is something  
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ๆฐ—ใพใšใ„ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ๆฐ—ใพใšใ„็Šถๆณใจใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ
10:03
or a situation you don't like to find  yourself in, so it can be difficult.
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็ฝฎใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸใใชใ„ไฝ•ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
10:08
Perhaps you've had a row with your best friend.  Perhaps you've had a row with one of your
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€่ฆชๅ‹ใจๅฃ่ซ–ใซใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€
10:14
business partners, or one of your colleagues, and  nobody has had the opportunity to apologise. And  
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ใƒ“ใ‚ธใƒใ‚น ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใƒŠใƒผใ‚„ๅŒๅƒšใจๅฃ่ซ–ใซใชใ‚Šใ€ ่ชฐใ‚‚่ฌ็ฝชใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎๆœ
10:21
when you meet the person in the elevator  that morning, it is a little bit awkward.  
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ใ‚จใƒฌใƒ™ใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใงใใฎไบบใซไผšใฃใŸใจใ ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆฐ—ใพใšใ„ๆ€ใ„ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
10:26
You're not sure whether you should say something.  You're not sure whether you should say nothing.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ในใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‚‚่จ€ใ‚ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใฎใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฟทใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:32
You're not sure whether you should apologise.  And for a few seconds, you just sort of look  
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่ฌใ‚‹ในใใ‹ใฉใ†ใ‹่ฟทใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€
10:36
there until somebody breaks the ice. So  it can be described as awkwardโ€”an awkward  
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใƒ–ใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ฏใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใงใ€ๆ•ฐ็ง’้–“ใ€ใŸใ ใใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๆฐ—ใพใšใ„ใ€ๆฐ—ใพใšใ„็Šถๆณใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่กจ็พใงใใพใ™
10:42
situation. You put me in an awkward situation  by telling your friend that I would be happy  
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ‹ไบบใซใ€็งใŒๅ–œใ‚“ใงๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ€็งใ‚’ๆฐ—ใพใšใ„็Šถๆณใซ้™ฅใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ—ใŸ
10:49
to help them. I don't really want to help them.  So you're in an awkward or difficult situation.
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ใ€‚ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใŸใใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆฐ—ใพใšใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ›ฐ้›ฃใช็Šถๆณใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒๅฝผใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ
10:54
How do I tell them now that I cannot  help them? Okay, so awkward or difficult?
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ใงใใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ไปŠใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใซไผใˆใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅŽ„ไป‹ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:00
And finally, number ten. Well,  
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซ10็•ชใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€
11:02
it's a very simple word that means difficult.  Hard. Yeah. So it's not hard in terms of the
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฎ้žๅธธใซใ‚ทใƒณใƒ—ใƒซใชๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ†ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
11:09
like cement is hard or teak or mahogany wood  is hard. Hard means not easy to solve. Again,  
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ใ‚ปใƒกใƒณใƒˆใŒ็กฌใ„ใจใ‹ใ€ใƒใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚„ใƒžใƒ›ใ‚ฌใƒ‹ใƒผๆใŒ ็กฌใ„ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็กฌใ„ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใฏใ€่งฃๆฑบใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€
11:17
if we go back to the crossword puzzle  or the cryptic clue, they can be hard.
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ใ‚ฏใƒญใ‚นใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ ใƒ‘ใ‚บใƒซ ใ‚„่ฌŽใ‚ใ„ใŸๆ‰‹ใŒใ‹ใ‚Šใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใจใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:22
A test for a driving test where you it's  not just simply getting into the car.  
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ๅ˜ใซ่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚Š่พผใ‚€ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„้‹่ปขๅ…่จฑ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ€‚
11:27
Now you have to understand all the rules of  the road and explain situations that can be  
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ๆฌกใซใ€ไบค้€šใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’ใ™ในใฆ็†่งฃใ— ใ€ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใซใชใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹็Šถๆณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:32
hard. Doing an exam 10 or 15 years after you  left school or university. That can also be  
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ใ€‚ ๅญฆๆ กใ‚„ๅคงๅญฆใ‚’ๅ’ๆฅญใ—ใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ 10 ๅนดใพใŸใฏ 15 ๅนดๅพŒใซ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
11:40
hard. They're not very, very difficult,  but it is a challenge and it is hard.
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ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใŒใ€ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
11:46
So.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€‚
11:47
some people find some things harder than others.
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ใ‚ใ‚‹็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒไป–ใฎ็‰ฉไบ‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Š้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:50
Yeah, it's hard to say sorry. Yeah,  it's hard to apologise because it's  
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€ ่ฌ็ฝชใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŸใก
11:56
about our egos and our pride. These are  all things that could be described as hard.
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ใฎใ‚จใ‚ดใ‚„ใƒ—ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ™ในใฆใ€้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
12:02
Okay, so that's a list of ten different  ways in which we can say difficult.  
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใจ่จ€ใˆใ‚‹ 10 ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใฎใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
12:07
These are advanced English words  or expressions about difficult.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹้ซ˜ๅบฆใช่‹ฑๅ˜่ชžใ‚„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
12:12
Let me give them to you one more time.  One. Demanding. Two. Challenging. Three.  
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ 1ใคใ€‚ ่ฆๆฑ‚ใŒๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ไบŒใ€‚ ๆŒ‘ๆˆฆ็š„ใ€‚ ไธ‰ใคใ€‚
12:20
Tough. Four. Arduous. Five. Daunting. Six.  Gruelling. Seven. Rigorous. Eight. Tricky.  
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ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ€‚ 4ใค็›ฎใ€‚ ๅคงๅค‰ใ ใ€‚ ไบ”ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใฎ้ ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€‚ ๅ…ญใ€‚ ๅŽณใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ปใƒ–ใƒณใ€‚ ๅŽณๆ ผใชใ€‚ ๅ…ซใ€‚ ใƒˆใƒชใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ€‚
12:34
Nine. Awkward and ten. Hard. And just be  careful with some of the pronunciation.
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ไนใ€‚ ใŽใ“ใกใชใใฆ10ใ€‚ ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ไธ€้ƒจใฎ็™บ้Ÿณใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
12:40
Some of them are a little bit difficult.  For example, arduous, arduous, gruelling,  
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ไธญใซใฏๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชใ€ๅ›ฐ้›ฃใชใ€้Ž้…ทใชใ€
12:49
gruelling. Daunting. Daunting. Daunting. Prospect.  Rigorous. A rigorous checking procedure. Rigorous.
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้Ž้…ทใชใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใฎ้ ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใฎ้ ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใฎ้ ใใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ€‚ ่ฆ‹้€šใ—ใ€‚ ๅŽณๆ ผใชใ€‚ ๅŽณๆ ผใชใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏๆ‰‹้ †ใ€‚ ๅŽณๆ ผใชใ€‚
13:03
Awkward. This is one of the  most difficult ones because  
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ๆฐ—ใพใšใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆœ€ใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใฎ 1 ใคใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹
13:06
it doesn't sound anything like  it's written. Awkward. Awkward.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใพใšใ„ใ€‚ ๆฐ—ใพใšใ„ใ€‚
13:10
Okay. So you practise those. Practise the  pronunciation. Practise more importantly the  
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็™บ้Ÿณใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š้‡่ฆใงใ™
13:16
use of them. See how you can use these instead  of always using the word difficult or hard,  
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ใ€‚ ๅธธใซใ€Œ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅ›ฐ้›ฃใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅ›ฐ้›ฃใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅ›ฐ้›ฃใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
13:22
hard or difficult. Try and use some of these  words. Look and listen to the situations that  
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ไฝฟใฃใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซไธŽใˆใŸ็Šถๆณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€่žใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
13:27
I've given to you. Check a few out yourself.  Try to practice them. And as always, come back  
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ใ€‚ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใœใฒๅฎŸ่ทตใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ„ใคใ‚‚ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
13:33
to me at englishlessonviakype.com  if you have any other problems.
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ไป–ใซๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€englishlessonviakype.com ใพใงใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
13:38
Okay, this is Harry saying goodbye. Thanks for  joining me and join me for the next lesson.
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ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒใƒชใƒผใŒๅˆฅใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ‘Šใ’ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ” ๅ‚ๅŠ ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆฌกใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใซใ”ๅ‚ๅŠ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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