Basic English: The 8 Parts of Speech

319,463 views ใƒป 2023-09-23

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello. I'm Gill at engVid, and today's lesson is looking at the parts of speech. Okay? So,
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฏ engVid ใฎ Gill ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏๅ“่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
00:09
grammar and these grammatical terms. So, this is if you're a beginner learning English or
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใจใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใฎๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€
00:20
you may be a native speaker, you just want to refresh your memory about what the parts
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ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ–ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ๅ“่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ่จ˜ๆ†ถใ‚’ๆ–ฐใŸใซใ—ใŸใ„ใ ใ‘ใชใฎใงใ™
00:27
of speech are. Or if you were at school at a time when grammar wasn't taught very much
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ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใŒใ‚ใพใ‚Šๆ•™ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๆ™‚ไปฃใซๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
00:34
and you're a bit unsure about what nouns and verbs and adjectives are, this should be quite
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ๅ่ฉžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคๆฆ‚่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™
00:41
a useful overview... Review for you of the different terms and what they are with some
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...ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็”จ่ชžใฎๅพฉ็ฟ’ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ
00:50
examples to illustrate. Okay, so let's have a look. So, starting with nouns, which are usually
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚้€šๅธธใฏ
01:01
things or people, or they could be abstract ideas as well, but... So, things like table, chair, cat,
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็‰ฉใ‚„ไบบใ€ใพใŸใฏๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ€ๆค…ๅญใ€็Œซใ€
01:13
dog, and people. People's names, John, Mary, with a capital first letter. Okay? You can have
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็Šฌใ€ไบบใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ไบบใฎๅๅ‰ใ€ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ๅญ—ใŒๅคงๆ–‡ๅญ—ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:24
abstract nouns as well, such as thought and love, happiness. Those are sort of intangible, as they're
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ๆ€่€ƒใ€ๆ„›ใ€ๅนธ็ฆใชใฉใฎๆŠฝ่ฑกๅ่ฉžใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ„ใ‚ใ‚†ใ‚‹
01:38
called, abstract nouns. Proper nouns are the ones which are names, and then just ordinary nouns,
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็„กๅฝขๅ่ฉžใฎไธ€็จฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ›บๆœ‰ๅ่ฉžใฏๅๅ‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ€ๆฌกใซๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใ€
01:48
common nouns are the ones which are things, objects, or animals. Okay? So, those are things and people,
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ๆ™ฎ้€šๅ่ฉžใฏ็‰ฉใ€็‰ฉไฝ“ใ€ๅ‹•็‰ฉใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็‰ฉใ‚„ไบบใ€
01:57
sometimes concepts, abstract concepts as well. Okay. Right. So, next one is a verb, which is
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ€ๆŠฝ่ฑก็š„ใชๆฆ‚ๅฟตใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚ ๆฌกใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:07
either an action, mostly actions, but it can also be just a state of being in a particular state.
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ๅ‹•ไฝœใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆๅ‹•ไฝœใงใ™ใŒใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆ…‹ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:16
So... And the verb, the infinitive of the verb begins with "to", so "to be", "to have", etc.
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ใคใพใ‚Š...ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎไธๅฎš่ฉžใฏใ€Œtoใ€ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œto beใ€ใ€ใ€Œto haveใ€ใชใฉใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:25
So, "to be" is a verb of state because it just means you exist, something... Or something exists.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œto beใ€ใฏ็Šถๆ…‹ใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ˜ใซใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹...ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅญ˜ๅœจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:34
It is "to be", so that's a state rather than an action, but most verbs are actions. Okay.
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ใ€Œto beใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ๅ‹•ไฝœใงใฏใชใ็Šถๆ…‹ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅ‹•ไฝœใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:43
So, "to be", "to have", "to do", "to work", "to sing". So, anything to do with
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“โ€‹โ€‹ใจใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใคใ“ใจใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅƒใใ“ใจใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๆญŒใ†ใ“ใจใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
02:54
something that you do, an action, really. Okay.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:59
Then an adjective describes a noun, so back to the nouns. Large, so "large table",
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ๆฌกใซใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒๅ่ฉžใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅ่ฉžใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅคงใใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œๅคงใใชใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ€ใ€
03:10
small, "small chair", so it goes in front of the noun. Unlike in a lot of other languages,
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ๅฐใ•ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œๅฐใ•ใชๆค…ๅญใ€ใชใฎใงๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžไปฅๅค–ใฎๅคšใใฎ่จ€่ชžใจใฏ็•ฐใชใ‚Š
03:18
other than English, the adjective comes after the noun quite often, but in English
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ใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใฏๅ่ฉžใฎๅพŒใซๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฏ
03:25
the adjective comes before the noun. Okay. So, "large", "small", "red", any colours are adjectives.
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ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใŒๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅคงใใ„ใ€ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€Œ่ตคใ„ใ€ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใช่‰ฒใ‚‚ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
03:35
"Clean", "clean" or "dirty" are adjectives. "Nice", "horrible", they're all adjectives
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ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ„ใชใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ„ใชใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆฑšใ„ใ€ใฏๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฒใฉใ„ใ€ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ
03:43
describing something. So, "a small cat", "a red dog", "a nice chair", "a clean table". Okay?
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅฐใ•ใช็Œซใ€ใ€ใ€Œ่ตคใ„็Šฌใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็ด ๆ•ตใชๆค…ๅญใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ„ใชใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:55
So, these... Obviously all these parts of speech work together with other parts of speech in a
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ...ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ“่ฉžใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ †ๅบใงไป–ใฎๅ“่ฉžใจ้€ฃๆบใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™
04:02
certain order. Right. So, next one is an adverb. You see the word "verb" is in it, "adverb" which
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ใ€‚ ๅณใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ๆฌกใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
04:14
describes how an action is done. So, the action is the verb, and the adverb describes how the
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ๅ‹•ไฝœใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ€Œๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™
04:24
action is done. So, you either do something quickly or slowly or happily or sadly, or you
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ—ฉใ่กŒใ†ใ‹ใ€ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š่กŒใ†ใ‹ใ€ๅ–œใ‚“ใง่กŒใ†ใ‹ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ
04:35
do it well or badly. So, often adverbs end "ly", but not always. So, words like "well" are also
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่‰ฏใ่กŒใ†ใ‹ๆ‚ชใใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใฏใ€Œlyใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅธธใซใใ†ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œwellใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚
04:47
adverbs, but usually you can recognise an adverb from "ly" at the end. Okay.
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€้€šๅธธใฏ่ชžๅฐพใฎใ€Œlyใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:56
Right, so thinking of a sentence, the structure of it, a conjunction is a word that joins
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ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฏๆ–‡ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™
05:03
different parts of the sentence. So, an obvious one is "and", and another is "but",
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใชๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€Œandใ€ใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฏใ€Œbutใ€ใงใ™
05:12
but you can also have other sort of joining words like "which" and "when", and so on. Okay.
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ใŒใ€ใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใชใฉใ€ไป–ใฎ็จฎ้กžใฎ็ตๅˆๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:23
Right. And then the next one is the article. So, usually it's either "the" or "a" or "an".
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ๅณใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆฌกใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€้€šๅธธใฏใ€Œtheใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œaใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œanใ€ใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:42
Because "the" is a specific one that you're pointing to, and "a" is just maybe one of many
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œtheใ€ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใๅคšใใฎ
05:49
possible ones. Okay. More general. So, those are called articles. So, that comes in front of,
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ๅฏ่ƒฝใชใ‚‚ใฎใฎ 1 ใคใซใ™ใŽใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ่จ˜ไบ‹ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธใ€ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซๆฅใพใ™
05:59
usually, a noun. It could come in front of... It could come first, and then an adjective,
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‰ใซๆฅใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™... ๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใฆใ€ๆฌกใซๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€
06:05
and then a noun. You know, "the red dog" you could have, or just "the chair". So,
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ใใ—ใฆๅ่ฉžใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”ๅญ˜็ŸฅใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ่ตคใ„็Šฌใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅ˜ใซใ€Œๆค…ๅญใ€ใ‚’้ฃผใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€
06:15
sometimes you put the adjective in between the article and the noun. Okay. You can also have
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ๅ† ่ฉžใจๅ่ฉžใฎ้–“ใซๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:22
words like "some", which come before the noun. "Some dogs", "many chairs", so it sort of defines
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ๅ่ฉžใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œsomeใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็ŠฌใŒไฝ•ๅŒนใ‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆค…ๅญใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
06:35
you know, how many sometimes. "Some" and "many", as well as "the", "a", "an".
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ๅ ดๅˆใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆใฏใ„ใใคใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๅฎš็พฉใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œsomeใ€ใจใ€Œmanyใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€Œtheใ€ใ€ใ€Œaใ€ใ€ใ€Œanใ€ใ€‚
06:42
Okay. Then a pronoun. So, we've got the word "noun" here, and "pro" in front of it. So,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ไปฃๅ่ฉžใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€Œๅ่ฉžใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œใƒ—ใƒญใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
06:50
a pronoun replaces a noun. It saves you having to give the noun. So, "I", rather than my name,
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ไปฃๅ่ฉžใฏๅ่ฉžใ‚’็ฝฎใๆ›ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ่ฉžใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ๆ‰‹้–“ใŒ็œใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใงใฏใชใใ€
07:01
I... It's "I" and "you", rather than "John", "you", and "he", "she", "it", "we", "they",
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็ง... ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใจใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใ€
07:10
those are called personal pronouns, all to do with people or things, again. "It" can refer to
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไบบ็งฐไปฃๅ่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ€ใ™ในใฆไบบใ‚„็‰ฉใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใฏ
07:18
a chair, the chair. "It", "it is broken", and people say, "What? What is broken?"
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ๆค…ๅญใ€ๆค…ๅญใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ€ŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ‚‹ใ€ใ€Œใˆ๏ผŸไฝ•ใŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€ใฃใฆ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
07:25
"The chair that I just mentioned, it is broken." So, you have to mention the noun first
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ใ€Œๅ…ˆใปใฉใฎๆค…ๅญใ€ๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
07:31
in the previous sentence, perhaps. "Oh, look at the chair, it is broken." So,
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ใŠใใ‚‰ใใ€ๅ‰ใฎๆ–‡ใงๆœ€ๅˆใซๅ่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่จ€ๅŠใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆค…ๅญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
07:38
it refers back to something you've already mentioned, and it saves you having to say,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใงใซ่จ€ๅŠใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€
07:43
"Look at the chair, the chair is broken." It saves having to repeat the same word again.
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ใ€Œๆค…ๅญใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ๆค…ๅญใŒๅฃŠใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŒใ˜ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅ†ๅบฆ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:50
Okay. And then finally, prepositions, which are all to do with a location or a direction.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚„ๆ–นๅ‘ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:59
It could be some movement towards something, or it could be to do with being in a location
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅ‘ใ‹ใฃใฆใฎๅ‹•ใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
08:05
and your relationship to that location. So, "at", "I am at the supermarket."
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ใจใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใงใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใƒžใƒผใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
08:14
"I'm going to the supermarket", so that's more movement direction. "On", "I'm sitting on the
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ใ€Œใ‚นใƒผใƒ‘ใƒผใซ่กŒใใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚€ใ—ใ‚็งปๅ‹•ใฎๆ–นๅ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ชใƒณใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆค…ๅญใซๅบงใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:24
chair." "I'm going up the stairs" or "down the stairs." "I'm in the house." So, that's all to
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ้šŽๆฎตใ‚’ไธŠใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ้šŽๆฎตใ‚’ไธ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ "็งใฏๅฎถใซใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚" ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใ€
08:34
do with the relationship to where you are, or where you're going from one place to another.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅˆฅใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่กŒใๅ ดๆ‰€ใจใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซ้–ขไฟ‚ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:43
Okay. So, I hope that's been a useful run-through, revision of these parts of speech. So, if you
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ“่ฉžใฎๅพฉ็ฟ’ใจๆ”น่จ‚ใŒๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
08:53
remember eight, most people say eight parts of speech, so you can always think, okay, try to
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8 ใค่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎไบบใฏ 8 ใคใฎๅ“่ฉžใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ€ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€Œใ‚ˆใ—ใ€
09:03
test yourself in your head. Can I think of all eight of these words? Okay. So, if you'd like to
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้ ญใฎไธญใง่‡ชๅˆ†ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใฟใ‚ˆใ†ใ€ใจ่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 8 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ใคใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
09:14
test yourself on the parts of speech, there's a quiz on the website, www.engvid.com, if you'd
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ๅ“่ฉžใซใคใ„ใฆ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ (www.engvid.com) ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:22
like to go there and see how you do. And I hope that's been a helpful session. So, thanks for
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใฎ็ตๆžœใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒๆœ‰็›Šใชใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™
09:31
watching, and hope to see you again soon. Okay. Bye for now.
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ใ€‚ใพใŸใŠไผšใ„ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใฟใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใจใ‚Šใ‚ใˆใšใ•ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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