Advanced English to Reach Fluency | Learn from the Trending News

Hello my lovely students today we're going to read a news article together

so you can improve all areas of your English at the same time.

Welcome back to JForrest English of course, I'm Jennifer

now let's get started! First I'll read the headline,

Jupiter's Moon Europa generates one thousand tons of oxygen

a day study says and here is the beautiful moon

and the name of that moon is Europa now notice it's possessive

because the moon belongs to Jupiter the planet Jupiter here generates

and it is in the es because it's conjugated as 3rd person singular

the moon it generates now generates this is a more advanced a

more c one way of seeing makes or create so I'll write that for you

minx or creates this is the more a level or B level

and then you can also say produces which sounds quite advanced

more advanced than makes or you could say generates to sound more advanced

1,000 tons of oxygen a day a day all in this case sounds for one

so you could say a day we commonly also say per day

which means each day or you could even say every day

so you can say I work five hours a day I work 5 hours per day I work five hours each

day every day those are your options

but using ah is very common study says

notice how this is in the present simple it's also very common to put it in the past

past simple and say study said because if you're reading it

the study already said it it's in the past

but it can be in the present simple because it's a fact

they said it in the past but they're still saying it now

so it's more of a fact study says study said you could also say

to sound a little more advanced according to study according to study

now in this case I'm leaving out the article because technically

grammatically you need to say according to our study

according to the study all means any study and then the you're referencing a specific

study but there was no article here

so I left it out here as well because in headlines of news articles

for some reason they omit articles and unnecessary words that are there for grammar

but grammatically the article is required so here you would say ah

study says or again the if you're referencing a specific study

don't worry about taking all of these notes because I summarize everything in a free lesson

PDF you can look in the description for the link

now let's continue and learn more about Jupiter's moon

Europa again the name of Jupiter's moon Europa

one of Jupiter's 95 moons I had no idea Jupiter had 95 moons

did you and again notice this possessive one

a Jupiter's 95 moons generates again we could have said produces

creates makes generates 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours

so 24 hours in a day so you could say oxygen a day per day

each day every day the choices we Learned above every 24 hours

NASA said Monday so notice here because they included the specific past time

reference you have to change the says to said

because there is now a specific past time reference

so said Monday to sound a little more formal than said Monday

you could also use stated stated Monday it just sounds a little more

advanced a little more formal a little more professional

said Monday stated Monday it's enough oxygen to keep a million humans

breathing each day

notice here ah this article actually represents the letter

the No. 1 1 million humans so I'll put that here for you

one million humans 1 million humans so this article ah

represents one now let's look at the sentence structure

here we have the verb keep then we have someone a million humans doing

breathing doing but notice in the ing form

so keep someone doing and then something let's take a look at this example

my boss kept me so the someone is me my boss kept me kept is the past simple of

keep my boss kept me working

so this is the action in the ing my boss kept me working until midnight

I'm sure you've said something like this before hopefully not until midnight

maybe until 8 p m or some more reasonable time

now this means the exact same thing as my boss made me work until midnight

my boss forced me to work until midnight so when you take a look at a sentence

understand the grammar that's required because in English

there are many different sentence structures so in this sentence we're using the geran

verb my boss kept me working until midnight

but it's substantially less substantially is a more formal way of saying

a lot a lot less

you could say she's substantially more qualified or it could be less qualified

and then we're making a comparison so we need then than him substantially a lot

and it sounds more advanced more C1 but it substantially less

than scientists previously believed existed researchers said so again

researchers said technically you could use say

because there isn't a past simple time reference if there were

and it was said last week or maybe in 2023 on June 1st but that's in the past

well then you would have to use the past simple said

but if there isn't a past time reference you could use say because it just

it sounds more of a factual statement researchers they

they say before it was NASA says because NASA is it

it says researchers they say are you enjoying this lesson

if you are then I want to tell you about the Finally

Fluence Academy this is my premium training program

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or you can go to my website and click on finally Fluent Academy now let's continue with our

lesson the amount of oxygen

could impact the moon's underground ocean so again possessive

because the underground ocean belongs to the moon

now let's take a look at this what type of word is this grammatically

could is a modal so that's why we have the base verb

because you use modal plus base verb now could means there's the possibility

the potential but it's very different from saying

the amount of oxygen will impact will impact means 100% so this isn't a possibility

this will happen I'm trying to think of way of

saying this will happen without using will

but 100% positive whereas could is just a possibility

we don't even know how much it could be a 30% chance possibility

or an 80% we don't know based on the word alone

so there is a very big difference by saying I could help you and I will help you

so just know your word choices really matter in English

because they communicate a specific idea so the amount of oxygen could impact

the moon's underground ocean which is thought to contain twice as much

water as all of earth oceans combined so every ocean

in earth get that visual and then double it two times

as much that's how much is in this underground ocean

but which is thought to contain thought to this means they are not 100% positive

so let me write that for you so again the choice of words matter

because it communicates a very different idea is thought to contain not 100% positive again

I don't know how positive this is 30% 80% it's not clear

but if you say which contains twice as much water

then this is a factual statement so because of that

we'll put it in the present simple because we use the present simple for fact

so I I said 100% positive and you could just think of that as factual

factual and again we use the present simple for facts

which contains contains the s because it's the present simple

so you still need to conjugate it in that third person singular

and add that s here is conjugated with the verb to be

which is thought to contain let's continue Europa again

the name of Jupiter's moon Europa the sixth closest moon to Jupiter

so notice here the 6 because it's an ordinal number

and with ordinal numbers you must use the in front of it

so you can say I work on floor 6 and in this case

6 is not an ordinal number I work on floor six

but if the number comes before the noun then you would say I work on the 6th floor

and this would be the more common way to say it wouldn't be common to say I work on floor

6 it would be way more common to say

I work on the sixth floor and then when you write it in written English

you can write out 6 or you can do the number with in this case

the th I work on the 6 floor Europa

the sixth closest moon to Jupiter is slightly smaller than earth moon

so slightly means a small amount so you could say she is slightly more qualified

or less qualified than him because you're making a comparison

this means a small amount do you remember what was the more advanced

way to say a large amount

do you remember she is substantially so now now you have slightly

and substantially added to your vocabulary make sure you practice those

according to NASA so here this is what we Learned at the very beginning

in the headline you can say according to NASA notice this comes first

otherwise you could say NASA said or NASA says

and we also Learned stated as an alternative to said

so I included that one there according to NASA

like Earth Europa is believed to have a rocky mantle

and an iron core okay but notice here is believed to have is this

a factual is this 100% or not 100% what do you think

well it's not 100% because it's the same structure as before

but instead of is thought to have is believed to have so it's the same thing

it's not stating it as a fact if you wanted to state it as a fact

you would use the present simple Europa has a rocky mantle and an iron core

but we're not seeing it as a fact Europa is thought to have or believed to have

the findings published Monday in the journal Nature Astronomy

this is capitalized because it's the name of the journal

so it's considered a proper noun so that's why it's capitalized

now the findings this is the research findings what they discovered what they found

the evidence the findings the findings

published Monday in the journal Nature Astronomy show Europas producing around 26 pounds of

oxygen every second

now remember you could say every second per second

each second a second all of them would be very common

so you can add those to your vocabulary as well

now right here notice this apostrophe as what does this represent

it doesn't represent the possessive which I've been saying previously

because I have this ing here show Europa is producing

so this apostrophe as is the verb to be and the verb to be is here

because it's the present continuous verb tense to show it's taking place

is an action in progress right now now a little grammar quiz for you

why is this verb to show why is it conjugated like this

why is it show what's the reason will you always to understand how a verb is

conjugated you need to ask yourself two questions

what's the subject and what's the time reference so what's the subject

the findings because we have these two commas so all of this is considered additional information

which doesn't determine the grammar of the sentence

so this you can delete all of this information and the sentence would be grammatically correct

so this is the subject the findings they the subject is they they show

and is conjugated in the present simple with the subject they

which is why you have show did you pass that little grammar quiz

let's continue scientists previously estimated that the moon

could be producing more than 2,000 pounds of oxygen

every second and now you know what you could say instead

of every you have your same choices right here

so I'll copy them over for you now because they said previously

I know this is not what they currently believe to

be true because they use the word previously

so again the choice of word here really does tell you about the meaning of

the article so now I know

so this is what they previously thought to be true

so now they're telling us the newest estimate so now

they're telling us what they currently believe to be true

but again they're not 100% positive because this is space exploration

and it's difficult to be 100% positive about a planet

so far away so the newest estimate you can say newest

you could also say the latest estimate the most recent estimate so add those

those are just alternatives latest most recent estimate

was made based on the amount of hydrogen being released from Europa's surface

the data was gathered by NASA's space probe Juno

this is the name of the space probe which is just a machine robot

I guess which flew by Europa in 2022 so this information

simply tells you how they made this estimate so you understand where the findings come

from let's continue though the planet has oxygen

it wouldn't necessarily be a safe place for humans

and of course the planet we're talking about is Jupiter

so don't pack your bags yet for Jupiter because

it wouldn't necessarily be a safe place for humans

again this is an important word it tells you the meaning necessarily be adds

some doubt so they're not saying positively it will be

or negatively it won't be they're saying again there's some doubt

let's review this studying English everyday doesn't mean you'll become fluent

because this is a sentence in the present simple

doesn't mean it sounds like I'm stating it as a fact

but if I add in a word doesn't necessarily mean you'll become fluent

now it doesn't sound like a fact it sounds like maybe it will

maybe it won't it's possible but not guaranteed

so I guess that's the easiest way to think about it

possible but not guaranteed so write that out for you here

possible but not guaranteed okay possible but not guaranteed

now you might be wondering well why Jennifer why isn't this guaranteed

well because you could be studying the wrong materials

you could be studying in a method or a style that isn't very effective

you could be spending all of your time just memorizing

irregular verb conjugations but nothing else and knowing

just irregular verb conjugations isn't enough to form sentences

or write or speak or read so studying English everyday

doesn't necessarily mean you'll become fluent you could but it's not guaranteed

so a very important word choice to add let's continue NASA plans to launch Europa

Clipper on October 10th, 2024

I don't know what Europa Clipper is but I assume it's some sort of space

space something space related what is Europa Clipper you tell me

I guess some sort of spaceship space probe Europa Clipper on October 10th, 2024

I guess Mark your calendars because we'll find out in a few months

to conduct detailed reconnaissance notice this this looks like a pretty long

word here reconnaissance reconnaissance

so that syllable stresses recon reconnaissance reconnaissance of Jupiter's

moon Europa reconnaissance is a process used to gather

information it's often used in the military

but here you can see it's also used with with NASA

and probably other government organizations as well

detailed reconnaissance of Jupiter's moon Europa

and investigate whether the icy moon so I guess Europa is icy

the icy moon could harbour conditions suitable for life

so if you and I can pack our bags and go to Europa

in this context harbor conditions simply means contain conditions suitable for

life or have so

does Europa have the conditions that we need for life

now remember could this is our modal verb

so this is why this is the base verb modal plus base verb and

they're seeing whether the icy moon could harbour conditions

so again they're just looking for the possibility they don't expect to know definitively

100% is just the potential could we live on Europa hmm

could we it's the possibility not necessarily definitive

cause that is what the modal could means and our last paragraph the space agency

this is NASA the space agency says that Europa

may be the most promising place in our solar system

to find present day environments suitable for some form of life

beyond earth wow I had no idea I thought everyone was looking

to Mars I didn't even know

Jupiter was a planet that people were exploring so I Learned a lot from this article

I hope you Learned a lot interesting topic but of course the focus was on the English

grammar and now what I'll do is

I'll read the article from start to finish and this time we'll focus on pronunciation

so let's do that now Jupiter's moon

Europa generates 1,000 tons of oxygen a day study says Europa one in Jupiter's 95 moons

generates 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours NASA said Monday

is enough oxygen to keep a million humans breathing

each day but it substantially less than scientists

previously believed existed researchers said the amount of oxygen

could impact the moon's underground ocean which is thought to contain twice as much

water as all of Earth's oceans combined

Europa the sixth closest moon to Jupiter is slightly smaller than earth moon

according to NASA like Earth Europas believed to have a rocky mantle

and an iron core the findings published Monday in the journal

Nature Astronomy show Europas producing around 26 pounds of

oxygen every second scientists

previously estimated that the moon

could be producing more than 2,000 pounds of oxygen

every second the newest estimate was made based on the amount of hydrogen

being released from Europa's surface the data was gathered by NASA space probe

Juno which flew by Europa in 2022

though the planet has oxygen it wouldn't necessarily be a safe place for

humans NASA plans to launch Europa Clipper

on October 10th, 2024 to conduct detailed reconnaissance of Jupiter's

moon Europa and investigate whether the icy moon

could harbour conditions suitable for life the space agency says that

Europa may be the most promising place in our solar

system find present day environments

suitable for some form of life beyond earth

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