1 HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR - Become A Fluent English Speaker

Today I have a one hour English lesson that's  going to review must know basic English grammar  

concepts. Now although these are basic English  grammar concepts, even our advanced students  

make these mistakes. So this will be a great  lesson for you to review these concepts or to  

learn these concepts. Because this lesson is long,  what I've done is I've divided it into individual  

sections where you'll learn a specific concept,  and then you can move on to the next section and  

take breaks whenever you meet. Welcome back  to JForrest English training. Of course,  

I'm Jennifer and this is your place to become  a fluent English speaker. Let's get started.  

First, let's review the difference between still  yet and already. Let's start off with already we  

use already to talk about something that has  happened or may have happened. So think about  

the verb tenses. We're talking about the past and  your verb tenses are going to be the past simple  

or the present perfect. For example, I could say I  already ate I already ate. Of course, that action  

took place in the past. Now you could invite me to  the movies. And I could say I've already seen that  

movie. Present Perfect. I've already seen that  movie. And of course it was in the past that I  

saw that movie. Now notice for the placement of  already is generally placed before the main verb  

so now it's your turn. Pause the video and put  a sentence using already in the past simple and  

the present perfect in the comments below. Now  let's talk about yet. We generally use get in a  

question form or a negative sentence. And your  verb tense is going to be the present perfect.  

As a question. You're asking a question about the  past so I can ask, have you eaten yet? Have you  

eaten yet? And of course if you want to answer  yes, you wouldn't use which one yet? I already  

know we can combine a question and the reply could  be in the negative so they could both use yet. For  

example, I could ask you have you decided yet?  And your answer in the negative would be No,  

I haven't decided yet. Now notice the placement  of yet we put it after the main verb so it's  

generally at the end of your sentence. Alright,  so now why don't you try a question with get and  

then a reply to that question. And your reply  will be in the negative as well. So put those  

two examples in the comments. Now let's talk about  still we use still to talk about an action that  

started in the past and continues until now. Your  verb tenses are generally going to be the present  

simple or the present continuous. For example, I  can say I'm still going to the party. So keep in  

mind I made a decision to go to the party maybe  last week okay, I said I'm going to the party.  

Now maybe the weather is really bad today. So a  lot of people aren't going to the party anymore.  

But I want to confirm that this action  that happened in the past my decision,  

it still applies now. So I often say I'm still  going to the party. I'm still going to the party.  

Now we use this with routines a lot which is why  you'll hear it in the present simple. For example,  

I could say I still go to the gym every day. So  I started going to the gym every day in the past  

maybe a month ago. So my friend who I haven't seen  in a while wants to know if I still go to the gym.  

And I could say yeah, I still go to the gym every  day. Now notice the placement. I'm still just like  

we already are going to put it before the main  verb and you know what to do now it's your turn  

to practice. So why don't you try a sentence in  the Present Simple and Present Continuous and  

put those in the comments below. Amazing job.  Now let's review the difference between do and  

make. I hear a lot of mistakes even from a man  students with these two, and they'll be a clue.  

The end of this section to make sure you really  know how to use do and make. Well let me give you  

an example sentence. Last night I did dishes and  I dinner. Okay. In this case, what do we need? Do  

we need do do we need make? Hmm? Oh have in the  comments below. What do you think we need? Well,  

first of all, you need to remember that regardless  of which one you use, they're verbs. So you  

have to conjugate them according to your time  reference. So my time reference is last night  

so I know I'm talking in the past. So I need to  conjugate my verb in the past. Last night. I did  

the dishes and I made dinner. Did you get them  right now let us talk about the rules. Of when  

you use do and make. First of all, let me give  you a tip. So remember this. If we're talking  

about an action in general, we use do if we're  talking about producing something we use, make.

So that's a general tip you can follow. But just  keep in mind there are specific expressions that  

require one or the other. So you need to keep  those in mind as well. So first, let's talk about  

these general rules. Let's talk about when you use  do we use do with work chores and tasks. This is  

what I commonly see students confused because I  hear a lot of students say I made my homework.  

I made my homework, but you don't make homework.  Okay, you do homework, you do a job, you do chores  

you do a task, we use the verb do now we also  use do with an unspecified activity. And you're  

probably very familiar with the question. What are  you doing tonight? What are you doing right now?  

It's a general question. I'm not asking about a  specific activity. We use do What are you doing  

tonight? Now we also use do a lot when we replace  a verb if the meaning is clear. So in my original  

example, I said last night I did the dishes do  the dishes. But there's another verb that we can  

use. You can wash the dishes. Now because the  meaning is clear, I can replace the verb wash  

with do that might be a little more of an advanced  thing for you to understand. But for now, remember  

this expression, you do the dishes so you've  already just added one natural expression to your  

vocabulary. Because native English speaker we're  not really going to say wash the dishes. We say do  

the dishes. So now let's talk about make. Remember  we use make when you were producing something.  

So anything that was produced, design developed  or constructed. We could use make. For example,  

I could say this t shirt was made in China. Now we  also use makes specifically with food drinks and  

meals. And that's why I said last night I made  dinner Can you make me a snack? Can you make me  

a smoothie of beverage? Can you make me a cup  of coffee? We also use make when you produce an  

action or a reaction from someone. For example,  I could watch a movie and I can say oh wow,  

that movie made me made me really sad. That movie  made me realize that it produced a reaction within  

me. Traffic makes me so angry. That's something  that a lot of people say right? Here's a good one.  

We use me with planned and decisions. So think  of a plan could be for example, making a dinner  

reservation and with decision you make a decision  so I could ask them have you made a decision yet?  

Have you made a decision yet? Now finally, we use  make when you produce sound. For example, I could  

say my microphone made a really weird buzzing  noise or I just say my lights are making this  

really high pitch noise. We can also use it with  any sort of verbal sounds. For example, at the end  

of a presentation, I could say I really liked that  comment you made about global warming. So you make  

a comment because that's a sound you predicts. Now  let's talk about some general expressions that use  

either do or make remember expressions in English,  you just have to memorize them. So just put these  

months into your vocabulary, write them down  and make sure you understand if they use do or  

make. So our first one, you do someone a favor.  So this is a very common expression. I can say,  

Oh, I have a lot of homework to do. Member you  do. Homework, or I have a lot of chores to do.  

You do chores you do work. I have a lot of chores  to do. Can you do me a favor and make the dinner  

reservation? Hmm. So notice I use do and make  in that sense. Can you do me a favor and make  

the dinner reservation because remember we use  make with plans and arrangement and decisions.  

But we're using do do someone a favor think of  that just as an expression do someone a favor,  

so can you do me a favor? Hopefully you said yes.  Now I'm sure you're already familiar with this  

expression, but I'll share it anyway. And that's  what do you do? What do you do? What do you do for  

a living but most of the time we don't include for  a living and we simply say what do you do? And of  

course I'm asking you about your job and we use  do now interestingly we have another expression  

which is make a living to make a living. Now  when you make a living by doing something it  

means that's your primary source of income. So I  get today I make a living by doing YouTube videos.  

That's my primary source of income. That's how I  make a living. So if somebody could ask me, what  

do you do? I'm a YouTuber. Well, how do you make  a living? Because they might be asking me Okay,  

but how do you make money? And of course I would  say I make a living by recording YouTube videos.  

That's how I make a living. Now of course  you also make money. So you make a living,  

which is related to money, and then also you  make money. So again, somebody's been asking  

what do you do? I'm a YouTuber. How do you make  money? How do you make money on YouTube? Right?  

That's always mystery. People want to know that.  So just remember those two expressions. One of  

them uses do because it's a general category, but  then specifically about producing right thinking  

to a general category. You make money, you make  a living, that's more about production. So we're  

using make now another one that doesn't really  fit into the category, but you can think of it  

as an expression and that make a mistake. You  make a mistake, okay? So you don't do a mistake.  

Sometimes I hear that you make a mistake. It's  just an expression. So you could say I was doing  

my homework, or I was doing my taxes. That's  another one where we're fleecing the verb which  

is probably file. I was filing my taxes but we  replaced that verb with do. I was doing my taxes,  

and I made a mistake or we could combine to make  I was making dinner and I made a mistake. So  

just keep that in mind. A lot of the time you're  going to be mixing and matching in one sentence.  

I'll leave you with a positive expression.  Think of this as an expression in this one.  

What do you do your best do your best. So if you  think Jennifer I'm not sure if I can pass this  

quiz at the end of the video. I'm gonna say  Just do your best. It doesn't matter if you  

make a mistake. Just do your best. So that's  a nice word of encouragement and expression of  

encouragement that you can use with someone  if they're feeling a little apprehensive or  

tentative about doing something. You can say I'll  just do your best it doesn't matter if you make a  

mistake. Just do your best. So with that, let's  get to the quiz. So I'm going to share the quiz  

on the screen. You're going to have 10 questions  to answer. I'll leave it off for a minute so just  

pause the video you'll need more time and then  after that minute it will display the answers.  

So make sure you let us know in the comments how  you did on the quiz. How many did you get right  

out of 10 Did you make any mistakes and of course  students do your best so now let's do the quiz.  

So how did you

deal with that quiz? Share your score. In  the comments below. And let's continue on  

with our next section. And let's look at the  difference between do did or does. What's the  

difference between do does and did? Well you  need to understand that all three of these  

are just different form of the verb to do.  So the verb to do is the infinitive. Now DO  

and DOES are the present simple conjugations  of the verb and you simply choose one or the  

other based on the subject that you have. So if  you're forming a sentence and your subject is I,  

you we are they you need to choose do if your  subject is he she or Ed So third person singular  

you need to choose does and that's it. That's the  only difference between do or does in affirmative  

sentences in the present simple but keep in  mind that do as a verb is used in very specific  

sentences in the present simple so for example,  you do chores you do chores. The verb do is what  

we need to complete the sentence. So I could say  I do chores every Sunday. This is a routine is in  

the present simple because my subject is i Then  I need to do now you can also do homework for  

example. Do is the verb that we use with homework.  Now I could say my sister, which of course is she  

as a subject? My sister does homework every  night. Again, this is a routine so I need  

the present simple. My subject is my sister she  saw a need does. Now let's talk about did did is  

the past simple form of the verb to do. And as  a past simple verb. There's no difference with  

subject. So when you use did for all subjects,  so that one is easier to remember. And of course,  

if it's the past simple, then we just need to  make sure that our time reference is in the past.  

So I'm gonna say we did our homework last  night. She did her homework this morning,  

assuming this morning is already in the past,  because right now it's this afternoon or this  

evening. So this morning is in the past she did  her homework this morning. So notice it doesn't  

matter if I use we or she the subject doesn't  matter because did is use for all subjects you  

just need to make sure that your time reference  is a past time reference. We're DO and DOES. Your  

time reference is going to be a routine action. So  you're going to hear time references like always,  

usually every then you know it's a present simple.  You're doing awesome. Let's move on and look at  

leader and after. Leader is most commonly  used as an adverb, and it means at a time  

in the future. It's not a specific time. For  example, I could say all wash the dishes.  

Now this is just a statement about something  I'm going to do you already know it's in the  

future because I used we'll all I'll wash the  dishes. So if you'd like to add a time reference,  

when will you wash the dishes? You can choose  later and you can say I'll wash the dishes later.  

But what does waiter mean? Does it really tell  the person when you'll wash the dishes? Not really  

because it's not a specific time reference.  All we know is that you're not going to do it  

right now. And you'll do it at some point.  In the future. I'll wash the dishes later.  

Now after is most commonly used as a preposition  we use after to show the sequence of events and  

those sequence of events can be in terms of time  in terms of plays or in terms of order, but it is  

commonly used in terms of time sequence of events  in time, which means one event is going to happen  

later than another event. So really, it has that  same meaning as later in the sense of added a time  

in the future. So what's different about them?  Well, it's really just the sentence structure and  

how you use them because after is a preposition.  So I could say all wash the dishes after  

something else. That's the key we generally use  after and then something else because it shows  

the relationship between two things. So wash  the dishes, something else, what's the order  

of them? which one comes first? That's how we  use after so I could say I'll wash the dishes  

after I watch the movie. So I have washed dishes  watch movie but I don't know the order and that's  

what after helps us do show the order. And in this  case, it's ordered in time. I'll wash the dishes  

after I watched the movie now notice how I use  a full clause, a full sentence with a subject,  

a verb and an object. I'll wash the dishes after  I watched the movie, a full clause. We don't need  

to do that. You can simply have a noun as well.  So it could be two objects, just two nouns rather  

than two actions. So I could say I'll wash the  dishes after the movie after the movie. Okay,  

so you don't have to use a full clause and it's  probably very common. For native speakers to just  

use the object and not include the action or wash  the dishes after the movie. Now here's the mistake  

I see students make they say something like  I'll wash the dishes later. The movie, so they  

use later and then they include something and now  or even applause you can't do that. You can't say  

I'll wash the dishes later the movie. Generally we  use later period. I'll wash the dishes later. And  

that's it. So if you want to specify an action  or a thing that comes next, you use after and  

then you can specify a now or an action or wash  the dishes after the movie. That's correct. Now  

one final thing you can do with after is you can  leave out the action or the nap. So just like I'll  

say I'll wash the dishes later. Period. You can do  the same thing with after I wash the dishes after  

period. We do this when the context is obvious.  So let's say you and your friend just talked about  

watching a movie you're sitting on the couch, the  you have the remote in your hand. It's obvious.  

So when you say oh wash the dishes after your  friend knows that it's after the movie. It's  

obvious based on context. So if it's obvious based  on context, grammatically, you can leave it out  

and then you will have after and just a period.  You don't have to specify the action or the nap.  

So just remember probably the most important  thing to remember is that you can't say leader  

the movie, you can't say that. That's  the most common mistake that I see.

Amazing job. Now let's talk about cannot as one  word can not as two words. And can't. Let's start  

with cannot as one word to really pay attention  that this is one word and spelling. We have two  

ends, but it's in one word. Now cannot is the  negative form of the verb can. That's it simple  

as that. So let's see a positive sentence  with can. I can say I can pick you up at  

the airport. I can pick you up at the airport.  That's a positive sentence. But if I want to  

make this sentence negative all I need to do  is changed can with cannot remember one word  

to end. So that would be I cannot pick you up  at the airport. So when a make a positive can  

sentence negative simply use one word cannot and  replace that with again, it's as simple as that.  

Now let's talk about can't notice the spelling.  There's one end and it's a contraction,  

right? Every time you see the apostrophe you  know it's a contraction. So can't is just the  

contract ID form of cannot. You can think of it as  the short form. Now you use it in the exact same  

way. So we take our positive sentence, I can pick  you up at the airport and then to make it negative  

we just change it with can't can't. I can't pick  you up at the airport. Can't is more common than  

using cannot the longer form. Now let's talk about  can not as two words. First of all know that this  

is not the negative form of the verb can. Okay,  it's not the negative form. If you use it as the  

negative form in spoken English, you won't hear a  difference but in written English if you use can  

not as two words. It's a spelling mistake.  As simple as that it's a spelling mistake,  

okay because the correct spelling of the  negative form of can is cannot one work,  

but can not. It's two words still exists,  but it's not very commonly used. We can use  

that for example, when you have not in  one part of a sentence and then can is  

just your verb of that sentence, but can and  not when they're two words aren't together.

Okay, their relationship isn't together. So  for example, you're probably familiar with  

the expression, not only but that's a very common  expression in English not only adds, but also why  

not only but So notice in this expression I have  the word not not only. Now theoretically, my verb  

in this sentence could be can and if that's the  case, you might see cam and not side by side,  

but they're not together. It's not making can  make it not relates to not only but or another  

expression that uses not. So for example, I could  say, I can not only pick you up at the airport,  

I can also help you unpack. Okay, just to give  an example. So notice, I can now not only pick  

you up at the airport, so can is just the verb in  the sentence is not connected with not only but  

I can not only pick you up at the airport,  I can also help you unpack. So that's just  

theoretically you could see Ken and not side  by side as two separate words, but honestly,  

that's not very common. And I don't think you're  going to see that when you see Ken and not side  

by side as to word most likely is just a spelling  mistake and they wanted to make can negative which  

is one word cannot. So to summarize, cannot  as one word is the negative form. of camp.  

Can't use the contraction of cannot, is the  most commonly use can not two words is possible,  

but it's not the negative form of the verb can. So  now you know how to use these and now of course,  

it's your turn to practice. I want you to leave  three examples, one with cannot the negative form  

one with can a contraction, and then why not try?  I can not only but that would be a pretty advanced  

structure to practice so you can leave all those  examples in the comments below. You are doing  

wonderful. Let's continue on and look at and Kane.  What's the difference between calm and hey, well,  

there's a very simple answer to this question.  First, we have to know that the verb is to come.  

That's the infinitive form of the verb. So then  you take your infinitive form, and you're going to  

do two things. You're going to conjugate it with  the subject, and you're going to conjugate it with  

the time reference as well. The conjugations of  the verb to come are the base infinitive is calm,  

the past simple is pain, and the participle is  calm. So your three forms of the verb come came,  

come, come can calm, irregular conjugation. Now  we can use the base form in the present simple  

verb tense, the present simple of course, we're  talking about facts or routines. I could say she  

always comes late, she always comes late. So  notice I take my verb calm, but then I have to  

think about my subject, which is she, so I have  to add an s to the verb calm, so it's conjugated  

correctly with my subject she she always comes  late. Now if it was they as a subject, it would  

be come because I don't add an act like only added  as for he she it subject. They always come like  

she always comes late. They always come like now  I can take that same sentence, but I could talk  

about yesterday. If I talk about yesterday. Now  my entire reference is in the past, so I have to  

conjugate the verb in the past, and in this case,  I need the past simple. Your time reference will  

tell you What verb tense you need. Yesterday is an  indicator of the past simple. In the past simple,  

there are no different conjugations, we  only use the verb came with all subjects,  

so I can say she came late yesterday. She always  comes late. That's the present simple. She came  

late yesterday. They always come late. The Present  Simple they came late yesterday, the past simple.  

So now you know how to use come and came. But what  about that third form of the verb? That's the past  

participle, which is also come. We use the past  participles most commonly with the present perfect  

verb tense. The present perfect verb tense is  have or had as your auxiliary verb, and then your  

past participle, which in this case, is calm. So I  could say she's come late. Three times this week.  

She's noticed that F in my contraction is actually  the verb has. She has calm. She has she's, she's  

come late, three times this week. Now I'm using  the present perfect here because my time reference  

is on finance. It starts in the past, but it's  an unfinished time reference because this week  

is still in progress, and it's possible for her  to come late again. She's come to work late three  

times this week. Now in the present perfect verb  tense. The past participle comm doesn't change,  

but we do conjugate our verb has or have  depending on the subject. So if my subject is day,  

I need the auxiliary verb have. They've they  have, they've come late, three times this week.  

So that's how you would use calm as  the past participle. To summarize,  

we have our verb to calm and then we have the  three forms of the verb, the first form calm,  

the second form came and the third form calm.  You need to make sure you're conjugating your  

verb with your time reference and your subject  as well. Calm is a very common verb in English,  

so you should definitely feel confident using  it in your speech. So to do that, you need to  

practice so why don't you leave three examples,  one with each four of the verb Present Simple,  

Past Simple and Present Perfect. And of course,  you can try different subjects as well to make  

this very challenging. And leave your examples  in the comments below. Let's keep going and  

look at didn't and wasn't both of these are  the past simple forms. And both of them are  

past simple. Negative. Wasn't, is the past simple  negative form of the verb to be, but what isn't,  

is only used with a subject I, he she and it did  it is a past some old negative form, but it's an  

auxiliary verb, which means it doesn't have a  base verb itself. It's used with any base verb.  

So our sentence structure would be subject didn't  base for so form a complete sentence. That's past  

simple negative to understand both of these. Let's  start with a positive sentences in the present. So  

we'll do a present simple positive sentence, and  then we'll see how we can change that sentence  

into the past simple negative. So you can see  the transformation of how we use didn't and  

wasn't. So let's start with our positive present  simple sentence for the verb to be. I'm there,  

I'm there for you symbol right to be there. I'm  there. Or I could say she's there. Now I can make  

this sentence negative in the present simple  simply by adding not I'm not there. She isn't

there. But remember, wasn't  is the form of the verb to be  

and it's negative, but it used in the past simple.  So I need to take my two sentences and have a  

passable time reference. So let's use yesterday.  Yesterday. I know I'm in the past people,  

and I know that my sentence was going to be  negative. So I can say yesterday. She wasn't there  

yesterday. I wasn't there. So that's how the  transformation took place. From having a present  

simple positive, to present simple negative to  pass simple negative. And remember, wasn't is only  

used for the subject. I he she it. So let's do  the same thing and see how we can get to dinner.  

So let's start with the present simple  positive sentence. I go to bed at 1030  

So here my verb is go to go. I go to bed at 1030.  Now when we take regular verbs, excluding to be  

to be as a verb has different rules, okay?  So we take regular verbs like the verb go,  

we have are positive in the present simple to  form the negative in the present simple. I need an  

auxiliary verb, and that auxiliary verb that I'm  going to use is don't I don't vote a bed at 1030  

This is the auxilary for for this subject. I knew  we and then I don't go to bed at 1030 So now I  

have a negative sentence but it's in the present  simple it talks about a routine but I want to talk  

about a past simple, so I can use the keyword  yesterday. So I know I'm in the past simple.  

Yesterday. I didn't go to bed at 1030 so to form  a negative sentence in the past simple for regular  

verbs, we need to follow our structure. Sadat  didn't and then our base for our base verb is go  

I didn't go to bed at 1030 yesterday. So remember,  wasn't is only used with the verb to be and it's  

only used with the verb to be with the subjects. I  he she it didn't is used for regular verbs in the  

past simple negative as the auxiliary verb and  your sentence structure is subject didn't base  

for that's how you would form complete sentences  in the past simple negative. So Now is your turn  

to practice. I want you to leave two examples,  one with lessons and one within it. Put them in  

the comments below and make sure you have a past  simple reference. So it could be yesterday but it  

could be other paths and bullet time. references  as well. You're doing so great. Let's keep going  

and look at do you and are you both of these are  question forms in the present simple, but they use  

different verbs and different structures. So let's  begin with Are you now are of course is the verb  

to be. So are you is forming a question in the  present simple using the verb to be our subject  

is you so that's why we need our because that's  the conjugated verb to be with our subject you.  

Now we use the verb to be in the present simple  for facts, facts about the world or facts about  

our souls as well. For example, I could ask you  because remember, this is a question so you're  

going to ask someone about a fact so I can ask  you. Are you American or British Are you Are you  

American or British? Now another fact would be  your job. So I can ask you, are you a software  

engineer? Now I could also ask you a fact about  your physical description. And I could ask you for  

example, Are you tall assuming we're chatting and  I can't see you. So I don't know if you're tall or  

not. And I could ask Are you tall? Now let's take  a look at the sentence structure because using the  

verb to be in question form, we use something  called inversion. So we take our subject and  

our verb which would be the structure for a  positive sentence, and we invert them, which  

means we switch them so our sentence structure  for questions using the verb to be in the present  

simple is verb plus subject, plus object. So we  know our verb is the verb to be our and we know  

our subject is you because we're only talking  about our so our subject and our verb need to  

conjugate, are you and then I just need my object  to the question the rest of the sentence Are you  

tall? Now keep that sentence structure in mind  while we take a look at do you do you is also a  

question form in the present simple the difference  is do is an auxiliary verb, which means do doesn't  

have any meaning in that word. It's only there  grammatically. So to have meaning in the sentence  

we need a main verb do is the auxiliary verb and  we still need a main verb. Now, in the present  

simple I'm going to ask you about yourself or  about your routine. So for example, I could ask,  

do you live in London? So of course hear live is  our main verb. But I need my auxiliary verb do  

Do you live in London? I can't just do inversion  with my subject and verb. If I did that, it would  

be live you in London. Live you in London. And we  know that isn't grammatically correct for English  

sentence structure. So we need our auxiliary verb  do and do is conjugated with our subjects. You  

You You live in London. Another question?  Do you have a dog? So here How is our main  

verb but I can't say have you a dog. So I need  Do you have a dog? I need my auxiliary verb do  

so compare our two sentence structures because  here our sentence structure is auxiliary verb,  

subject, main verb, auxiliary verb is do because  our subject is you and do conjugate with the  

subject you do you and now we need a main verb  but the form of this is the base verb, which  

means is the infinitive without to. So to live.  We get rid of two and we have live do you live  

and then the rest of the sentence the object? So  we have our you our sentence structure with verb,  

subject, object. Do you our sentence structure is  auxiliary verb do subject, main verb which is the  

base verb and then the object. They are both use  in question form with the present simple and this  

is something that you absolutely must know to  understand basic English sentence structure. So  

now it's your turn to practice. I want you to  leave two questions in the comments below one  

with Do u and one with ru amazing job. Now let's  look at the difference between ever and never.  

You can think of ever as at least once or one  or more times than ever. Now never you can think  

of this as zero times never zero time not once  ever and never are commonly used in the present  

perfect, especially in question four. So let's  take a question in the present perfect. Have  

you been to bounce? Have you been to bath now in  the present perfect, extremely common. In fact,  

it even sounds more natural to me to use  the word ever. Have you ever been to bath?  

Now we add ever to present perfect questions  because they're asking about life experience. And  

remember it means at least once. So if you've been  to bath at least once or more in your life then  

you can answer yes to the question. If you've been  to BIM zero times, then you'll say No, I've never

been to BIM. So notice ever we use it in the  question form but we don't use it in the positive  

answer as a positive answer. I would just say  yeah, I've been to bath once, twice, three  

times four times, and I give my answer. So let me  ask you a question in the present perfect. Have  

you ever been skydiving? So have you ever been  skydiving? You can put your answer in the comments  

below. And also why don't you ask us? Have you  ever question and make it a fun and interesting  

question. Put that in the comments below. Now  although ever and never are very commonly used in  

the present perfect. We can also use them in the  present simple never is very commonly used in the  

present simple so remember, it gains zero times.  In the present simple we're asking about routine  

action. So we're asking about the frequency of  actions you do. So it would be very common to say  

never for certain actions. For example, I could  say I never workout at night. I never work out  

at night. So this is not part of my daily routine.  It takes place zero times in my daily routine we  

can use Emma vert in question for in the present  simple, although it's much less common than it is  

in the present perfect. But I could ask you Do  you ever work out at night? Now in this case,  

I'm asking you about the frequency of this action  in your daily routine. So as a reply, you're just  

going to use an adverb of frequency and say, Oh, I  sometimes work out I usually work out I frequently  

work out I rarely work out and you're going to  give me your answer. Remember, if it's zero times,  

then you use never I never work out at night. So  what about you? Do you ever work out at night?  

You can put your answer in the comments below  and at the same time, why don't you ask your  

fellow students a question using Do you ever?  So remember, this is a present simple question.  

You're asking about the frequency of that action  in their daily routine. So now even know the  

difference between ever and never and remember to  do all the practice in the comments below. This is  

our last section. Now let's look at the difference  between four or since I hear so many mistakes with  

these two words. And as we go through this lesson,  you'll complete quizzes to make sure you really  

understand how to use for and cents. Now there's  a specific time that you need to choose either  

for or since they're not interchangeable and it  will make your sentence grammatically incorrect if  

you're using the wrong one. So first, let's talk  about four. We use for for duration. Okay, so you  

can think of it as a time that has a start and end  a duration of time for example, for 20 minutes,  

for three weeks, or seven months,  or how about for 12 years. Now we  

use sense with a specific time. So you can  think of it as a precise moment in time.  

For example, nine a last Monday, June 3 2014.  So that's the first thing you need to know to  

use these correctly for is a duration of time  and since is a specific time. Now let's talk  

about the verb tenses that you need for each.  So here's a little quiz for you. I'm going to  

show you some sentences using four in different  verb tenses. And I want you to tell me which ones  

are correct and which ones are incorrect. And  keep in mind we're talking about the verb tense  

specifically. So that's what you need to look  at. So I'll show you the example sentences now.

So which ones are correct and which ones are  incorrect? Let us know in the comments. Well,  

I hate to break it to you, but this was a trick  question. Because they're all correct. And the  

point is that four can be used with many different  verb tenses. It's quite diverse in that way. Now  

let's do the same thing but this time we'll do  it with since. So again the time references are  

all correct. I'm using them all with specific  time, but let's take a look at the verb tenses.  

So I'll show you the sentences and I want you to  let us know which ones are correct and incorrect.

How'd you do with this one? How about in the  comments? Let us know which ones are correct.  

Okay, put it in the comments. Now this one wasn't  a trick question because since is a lot more  

limited. So here are example sentences the only  correct one were number one and number three.  

You can use scent with the present perfect  and the present perfect continuous. The reason  

why is because scent we use this for an action  got started in the past, continuous until now,  

and we actually don't know when that action is  going to end. But it's important It started in  

the past continuous till now and is still  in progress. That's when we can use sense.  

All right, so now you know that four is used for  a duration of time and it's very diverse. You can  

use it with many different verb tenses. You know  that said, we need a specific time and you can  

use it with the present perfect and the present  perfect continuous. Now let me show you a sentence  

that I see almost every day and did wrong. And  this sentence is I've been learning English since  

two years. All right, this sentence is wrong. Now.  I want you to take this sentence and make it all  

correct sentence. You're going to need to change  either before or since or the time reference Okay,  

so make your change and put the correct sentence  in the comments below. And also I want you to  

practice your own sentence. So leave a comment  and use a sentence with 4am expensive with sets.  

Woohoo you did it. Think of all the grammar  concepts that you learn today or the common  

mistakes that you might have been making that  you corrected in this lesson. So make sure  

you bookmark this lesson because you should  review it again and again to make sure you  

really understand these concepts because  they are basic English concepts that you  

need to master to really become fluent and  feel confident speaking English in public.  

And if you found this video helpful, please  hit the like button, share with your friends  

and of course subscribe. And before you go,  make sure you head on over to my website,  

JForrest English.com and download your  free speaking Guide. In this guide I share  

six tips on how to speak English fluently and  confidently. And until next time, Happy Studying.