Improve your Academic Writing: PASSIVE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS (also great for IELTS & TOEFL!)

134,286 views

2019-08-03 ใƒป English with Alex


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Improve your Academic Writing: PASSIVE PREPOSITIONAL VERBS (also great for IELTS & TOEFL!)

134,286 views ใƒป 2019-08-03

English with Alex


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hey, everyone.
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์•ˆ๋…• ๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค.
00:01
I'm Alex.
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์ €๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this academic writing lesson.
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ํด๋ฆญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ•™์ˆ  ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:06
So, today I will be giving you some very practical skills, practical tools, practical expressions,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ  ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ, ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„,
00:14
words, phrases that you can use in your academic writing.
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๋‹จ์–ด, ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:18
So, this might prove useful if you're a high school student, a university student, college
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ,
00:25
student, if you are someone who is writing an IELTS exam or a TOEFL exam, or any type
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IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ TOEFL ์‹œํ—˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ํ˜•
00:32
of academic work.
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์˜ ํ•™์—…์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
So, I'm going to tell you the name...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋“œ๋ฆด
00:37
Technical name of these tools that I'm going to give you today in a bit.
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๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:42
First, I just want to start teaching you guys, and after the first six, I'll let you know
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๋จผ์ €, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ , ์ฒ˜์Œ 6๊ฐœ ์ดํ›„์—
00:48
on a little secret.
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์ž‘์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
00:50
"Let you in on the little secret", that's the phrase.
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"์ž‘์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
So, first we have: "be aimed at".
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋จผ์ € "๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
Let's just stay with me.
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๋‚˜๋ž‘ ๊ฐ™์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋ณด์ž
01:00
Let's read the example, and you'll start noticing a pattern.
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์˜ˆ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:04
So: "The advertisement was aimed at males between the ages of 18 to 34."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๊ด‘๊ณ ๋Š” 18์„ธ์—์„œ 34์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:12
So, here you're saying the advertisement-the ad, the promotion-was targeted at...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ด‘๊ณ - ๊ด‘๊ณ , ํŒ์ด‰-์ด ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€...
01:21
Aimed at males between 18 to 34.
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18์„ธ์—์„œ 34์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
So, if you aim an advertisement, this means you try to put your focus of the advertisement
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01:34
on a specific group of people, a specific demographic.
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ํŠน์ • ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ํŠน์ • ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„.
01:38
So, you have, you know, males between the ages of 18 to 34, so this is probably a beer
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18์„ธ์—์„œ 34์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋งฅ์ฃผ
01:44
commercial or a video game commercial maybe.
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๊ด‘๊ณ ๋‚˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Next, we have the expression: "to be associated with something or someone".
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ " ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
So, if you are associated with something or someone, this means you have a connection
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
02:00
to something or someone.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
So, for example: "Drinking milk is often associated with strong bones."
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ผˆ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:10
So this is, you know, what research says or what advertisers want us to believe.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
This could be an argument that you're making in a paper.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:19
So: "Drinking milk is often associated with strong bones" or with having strong bones;
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์šฐ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ผˆ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ผˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
has a connection with it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Next: "to be based on something".
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๋‹ค์Œ: "๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๋‹ค".
02:30
Now, this is when you're using, you know, some sort of facts to establish a theory.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
So, "to be based on".
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ".
02:38
"The study was based on 10 years of close observation."
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"์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 10๋…„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
02:44
So, this means that the study, the origin of the study, the facts from 10 years, you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›, 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
02:51
know, that's what we used to base this study on; to do this study.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.
02:56
The next phrase I want you to remember is: "to be regarded as" or "to be seen as something
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” "~๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋‹ค
03:05
or someone".
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"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
So, example: "Albert Einstein is regarded as the premier theoretical physicist of the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์˜ˆ: "์•Œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ด๋ก ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:14
20th century."
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."
03:15
So, this means people see Einstein as, you know, the premier physicist...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž...
03:22
Theoretical physicist of the 20th century.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
They regard him...
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
03:25
They hold him in a high position in their minds.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋†’์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:28
So, people say this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—
03:31
You can use this phrase to talk about not just people, but events.
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๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:35
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:36
Like, the Olympics, World Cup, World War II.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ, ์›”๋“œ์ปต, 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „.
03:39
You know, what was it regarded as?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:42
What were these things seen as by people?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:45
How did people see them?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:47
"Be defined as" - to give a definition.
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"Be defined as" - ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค.
03:50
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
03:51
So: "Darkness is defined as the absence of light."
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "์–ด๋‘ ์€ ๋น›์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
03:55
If you're a high school student, this type of structure is okay to use.
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Many teachers say: "Don't tell me Webster's Dictionary defines this as blank."
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ "์›น์Šคํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์ „์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
But, you know, if you're a high school student, you're just learning essays.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์—์„ธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
It's important to define your terms; to give definitions, so: "Darkness is defined as the
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์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด "์–ด๋‘ ์€
04:16
absence of light."
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๋น›์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:17
I will be using this definition in my paper.
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๋‚ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
And, finally, here: "be derived from".
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "~์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
If something is derived from something else, it means it comes from that thing; it originates
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
from that thing.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด
04:33
So, for example: "Some medicines are derived from herbs."
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์•ฝ์ดˆ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ์•ฝ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:39
They are taken from, they come from those herbs.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์•ฝ์ดˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:43
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
04:44
Now, we've looked at six of these.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ค‘ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
What do you see that they all have in common?
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:49
Okay, they all have: "be", "be", "be", "be", "be"; they all have a past participle verb:
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ "be", "be", "be", "be", "be"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
04:56
"be aimed", "be associated", "be based"; and they all have a preposition.
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"be aimed", "be associated", "be based"; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Now, these are known as passive prepositional verbs.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:06
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:07
So, now that we've looked at the first six of passive prepositional verbs, we're going
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์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ 6๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ด์ œ
05:12
to look at another six.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 6๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
And after you look at these, I promise you, your writing will be so much better and so
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณธ ํ›„, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ข‹๊ณ  ํ›จ์”ฌ
05:19
much more clearer, and so much more formal and professional-sounding to your teachers
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๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:23
or whoever you're writing for.
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.
05:26
So, let's look at six more.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ 6๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Okay, so six more.
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์ข‹์•„, ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ ๋”.
05:31
Now, first we have: "be divided into".
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์ด์ œ ๋จผ์ € "๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง€๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
So, something is divided - it is separated.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
For example: "Canada is divided into provinces and territories."
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์˜ˆ: "์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ ์™€ ํ…Œ๋ฆฌํ† ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:46
Very clear.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ.
05:47
Next: "be involved in".
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๋‹ค์Œ: "์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค".
05:50
So, you have involvement in something.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
For example: "J. Robert Oppenheimer was the primary figure involved in the creation of
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์˜ˆ: "J. Robert Oppenheimer๋Š” ์›์ž ํญํƒ„ ์ œ์ž‘์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฃผ์š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:02
the atomic bomb."
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."
06:05
Very clear as well, I hope.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
"Be known as".
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"๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„".
06:09
If you are known as something, this is your primary identity or one of your main identities.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
For example: "The Wright Brothers are popularly known as the pioneers of human flight."
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์˜ˆ: "๋ผ์ดํŠธ ํ˜•์ œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋น„ํ–‰์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:25
Those of you who are watching from Brazil - that's just popularly known.
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:30
I know about the other guy.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
So, "be prejudiced against".
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค".
06:35
I love you Brazil.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด์š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ.
06:36
Love you.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด์š”.
06:37
"Be prejudiced against": "Humans are often prejudiced against people they do not understand."
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"ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค": "์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:45
So, if you're prejudiced against somebody or some group of people, you have, like, a
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:51
natural discriminatory attitude; you discriminate against this group, you hold strong negative
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:58
feelings towards them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
So, people are often prejudiced against people they do not understand.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:04
"Be required for".
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"ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค".
07:06
So, something is required; it is necessary for something.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
So: "Regular sleep is required for good health."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:15
You need to sleep regularly; it's a necessity to have good health.
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๊ทœ์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์„ ์ž์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
And, finally: "be used in".
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ "์‚ฌ์šฉ"ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
So: "Flamethrowers"-which basically big guns that shoot fire-"were first used in World
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: "ํ™”์—ผ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ"-๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์„ ์˜๋Š” ํฐ ์ด-์€"์ œ1์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:34
War I".
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."
07:36
Okay.
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์ข‹์•„์š”.
07:37
So, I have given you guys 12 passive prepositional verbs.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
You can use these in your academic essays, you can use this on your TOEFL exam, on your
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•™์—… ์—์„ธ์ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  TOEFL ์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‚˜
07:51
IELTS exam.
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IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
And if you're wondering: "Okay.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด: "์ข‹์•„์š”.
07:54
This all still seems kind of confusing.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค์†Œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
What do you mean, 'passive'?"
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'์ˆ˜๋™์ '์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?"
07:58
Well, we have a lot of videos on engVid where you can study, you know, what the construction
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engVid์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
of the passive is.
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.
08:05
Very quickly I can tell you the passive always has a form of the verb "to be", there's always
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ "to be"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ
08:10
a past participle.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
The only difference in these ones is that we're adding a preposition to the passive
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:16
verbs.
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.
08:17
Okay?
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์ข‹์•„์š”?
08:18
And these are all specifically, you know...
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ...
08:20
Designed specifically formal...
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
08:23
Fixed formal expressions, formal phrases that you can use in your academic writing, or even
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๊ณ ์ •๋œ ํ˜•์‹์  ํ‘œํ˜„, ํ•™์ˆ  ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ  ๋ฐœํ‘œ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:29
academic presentations as well.
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.
08:32
Right?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
08:33
Now, I suggest, because it's very important to remember which verbs...
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์ด์ œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
Which past participle goes with which preposition: Watch this video again if you think it's a
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”์ง€: ์ง€๊ธˆ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”
08:44
little weird for you now; and after you watch it again and you remember everything, check
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. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ ํ›„
08:49
out the quiz on www.engvid.com.
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www.engvid.com์—์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:52
And while you're on www.engvid.com and if you want to support what we do here financially,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  www.engvid.com์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:57
you can donate at the "Support" link, and we appreciate every donation we receive.
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"์ง€์›" ๋งํฌ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
And, also, if you want to follow me, you can check me out on Facebook, you can check me
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด Facebook์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  Twitter์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:07
out on Twitter, subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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์ œ YouTube ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
If this is your first video - hey.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด - ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:12
How are ya?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด?
09:14
Nice to meet you?
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๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ€์›Œ์š”?
09:15
Lots of videos up on my channel; most of them I speak better than what I am right now, so
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๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ๋งํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
09:22
check out those videos.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:23
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
And til next time, you guys know what I'm going to say, right?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ• ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
09:27
Say it for me.
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๋งํ•ด๋ด.
09:28
Until next time...
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€...
09:29
Yeah, thanks for clicking.
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๋„ค, ํด๋ฆญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
See ya.
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ด.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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