Advanced Prepositions of Time: “throughout”, “ahead of”, “at around”, “out of”…

Omnivore. The spores that ate the planet. Hi, James from engVid. And my crazy readings.

What a what? He's asking me to hurry up. We're almost out of time? Time for what? Oh, to

start the lesson. Hi. Today's lesson's on prepositions of time. You might see a bit

of a prepositional phrase where I put two words together; it's not just a preposition.

But understand that these prepositions do tell us about time. I know you've done prepositions

where it's about place or movement, right? But, you know, when we say "by", "I got here

by foot", or "by 9 o'clock", right? These ones are specific prepositions that we don't

usually... Well, native speakers use, but you may not use, and I want to introduce them

to you today so you can help master the language. Let's go to the board, shall we?

All right. So, he's telling me to hurry up, and I'm going to find out why I've got to

hurry up. Well, the first one's not about hurrying up, but it's about the word "through"

and "throughout". When we use the preposition "through", we talk about going, you know,

through a doorway. There's a door and you go through, meaning to go from one space,

cross an area, go to another space. Go through. You go through a tunnel, right? You go through

a doorway. "Throughout" means all the way through, so "throughout", because if you had

a page of writing, you would have words all the way through it. Similar, you're going

from one place to another. Okay? But what does this mean for time? When we talk about

time, we say "for an entire period and after". Huh? Well, okay. Here's an example. "It rained

throughout the night until the morning", or I can just say "We rained throughout the night".

That means the night is from 9pm, where I am now, to maybe 6 o'clock in the morning,

and it rained throughout the night. It kept raining, right? So, it rained throughout the

night, and that's a period of time. Next, "out of". "Out", right? We've got "of" two

of them together. Well, when we say you're out of something, it means to be out of time

or use up your time. Example, "I had a test. It was two hours long. I got caught up reading

some of it. It was really, really difficult, so then I ran out of time", meaning the clock

stopped, the test was over, and I didn't have enough time to finish. Ran out. Now, you can

use your time up, right? You will run out of time if you do that. Use up the time, right?

So, you have a certain amount, I was going to say allotted, but you have a certain amount

of time given to you, allotted, and you use it up. Okay? So, that's to be out of time.

This is through and throughout time. What is number three? Number three is, and you

see I have "at", "around", and "at", "about". What? "At", "around", "at", "about", what

do you mean? Well, you can either say "around" or "about". Here's a sentence. "I will be

at your house around 4 o'clock. I will be at your house about 4 o'clock." Sometimes

people say "at" before that. "I will be at your house about", "at about 4 o'clock", or

"at around", and both mean approximate. Funny enough, they mean approximate, which means

not exact. Here's my problem with this. Well, it's not a problem. Sometimes when you say

something like "I'll be at your house around 3 o'clock", and you can say "I will be at

your house at around 3 o'clock", one is almost a little less approximate than the other.

They're saying close, close, close, close, close. And if you were to ask me, "Well, which

one is it?" I'm like, "I don't know. It depends on my mood if I want to be exact or not."

Because "at" is exact. "I will be at your house", that's an exact location. Yeah? "Around"

is approximate, but if I say to you, and I've talked to a couple of people about this, it's

quite funny. When I've said, "Hey, if I say 'I'll be at your house at around 3 o'clock'

or 'I'll be at your house around 3 o'clock', which is more?", each person says something

different. "Well, that one's more exact." And the other one says, "No, no, no. The other

one's more exact." So, either one is okay. Both means approximate, not exact. And if

you hear someone say it and they go, "No, I'll be there around at around", that means

not what you think. The only thing you can tell is by the expression on their face, on

their context. Otherwise, these two, "around" or "at around", and "about" or "at about",

same thing. Approximate, meaning it means nothing. That's my joke. Anyway, so we've

gone there. Let's move on to "during". "During", it means a part of a period of something.

And I love it. I write these expressions, unless I explain them. What does he mean?

What does that mean? I kind of do that on purpose so you have to watch the lesson. Otherwise

you'd read it and go, "I got it. Take a picture. No more." Okay, so let's just say there's

a meeting going on, and the meeting is about four hours long, and you hear someone say,

"James fell asleep during the meeting." That means there was a period of that meeting I

was asleep for. Could be the whole meeting he fell asleep during, but usually we'll say

he fell asleep during the whole meeting. We'll add something. But it means there's a part

of that meeting I was asleep. Right? So, when you hear someone say "during this", it means

something else is going on that's a bigger thing, and in that period of time something

else occurred. Cool? So, it was raining during the night. Well, it might have rained a little

bit, and I'll give you an example. It was raining during the night. You look outside,

it's wet. You look in the sky, it's dry. You look outside again, it's wet. You turn to

your friend and say, "It must have been raining during the night." Sometime, a period of that

night, water came down and then it stopped. Cool? All right.

"Ahead of". Now, hmm, your head is here. When we say something is ahead of, it means to

be early. So, if John is here and William is here, and William is ahead of John, he's

in front of. And in this case, on a clock, we're saying "ahead of". You're ahead of the

other people. The meeting starts at 9. Maybe you arrived at 8.30. You're early. Okay? Can

you come ahead of the other guys? We need to talk about something first. Come early.

So, "ahead of" means to come early.

Next, "within". These two are going to be interesting, so you're going to have to pay

particular attention to what I say, because they're almost going to sound the same, but

they're not the same. Okay? This is where you show you're a very good student.

When you say "within", within a period of time, right, it says between now and a length

of time. I will be there within 10 minutes. I'm saying within this second, like this second

I make that statement, and 10 minutes later, in between those two times I'm coming. So,

"now" is very important when you say "within". "Now" is a very important part of that statement.

Now and whatever the end time is. So, between now and a length of time, I will be here within

10 minutes. I'll be here within two hours from the moment I speak until that final time

within that two-hour range. Okay, got it. What's so difficult?

"Between", after one time, but before another time. So, both of these are talking about

two periods of time. This one is talking about now and that end time. This one is actually

talking about in between the two times. Imagine this one, when we talk about "within". So,

I say I'm going to start here at three, right here, and I will be here in five minutes,

so four. So, I'm saying I'm going to start here, be here before this time here. "Between"

is a little different. It means, you can imagine, there's a little dot here. So, between is

going to be just after this moment here, but just before this moment here. That's between.

And when you think of what "between" means, like if there are two trees and he's between

the trees, one will be here, one will be here, you'll be in the middle. When we talk about

"within", you're actually saying this is the starting point and this is the end point.

So, you're not in between, you're not in the middle. You're here, here. Two different points.

The other one says we start in between. Crazy, I know, right? But this is where we get really

good at English between when we say I know English and I understand English. The context

is different. If I tell you, "Hey, I'll be at your house between 4 and 5pm", that could

be any time. That's not starting now. This could be 1 o'clock in the afternoon, and I

tell you, "Later on, I will be at your house between 4 and 5." That has nothing to do with

now. However, if I say, "I'll be there within 20 minutes" or "within 3 hours", I'm talking

about now until that time. So, this one can be separated by time. You can talk about another

time, another day, another year. Here, it's now until that time. Confusing? Eh, probably

not. We've gone over it, but you know I'm going to do a test to help you get rid of

that confusion. All right? Are you ready? Let's take a bit of a break and come back

to the board. All right, time for our test, our homework, and the extra. You ready? Let's

go to the board.

So the first thing I want to do in the test, we've got five questions. I will ask them,

and you will try and figure out which one we are talking about. I'm going to circle

it with a green so you know that's the true one. Green means go. All right, so Cheryl

and Carly are coming off to work. They should be here, is it between or within 5 or 6 p.m.?

What do you think? Okay, if you said between 5 or 6 p.m., correct. Remember, when we talked

about between, we said there are two times and you're here. Right? It wasn't within,

because you can clearly see, and this is where context is important, this person is speaking

to someone at an earlier time, and they're talking about later. When we use within, they're

usually saying now, but we have these two markers, so keep that in mind when you're

doing context. Okay? The context to help you is they give you two times, they're probably

going to say between. Next, James fell asleep the meeting because he was tired. Did you

say during the meeting? Then you're correct. Remember that something's happening for a

period of time, and during a part of that period of time, he fell asleep. It doesn't

mean he was asleep for the whole meeting, but you know maybe 20 minutes in, 30 minutes,

he fell asleep during the meeting. Now, the rain went on something the night, right up

until the early morning. So, the rain went on something the night, right up to the early

morning. Okay, yes, that was a tough one, because that could have been during the night,

or... but remember we said apart, when we talked about during, okay, and we said it's

a part of a larger thing. When I talked about throughout, I said it can be to the end and

maybe a bit before, a bit extra, a little bit extra. So, in this case, it was through

the night, right? It went throughout the night and to the early morning, just a little bit

extra, so throughout is the correct answer, here.

What about number four? Josh is on his way home now. He should arrive... yeah, because

this is should, right? We're looking at a modal here, and it's like the right thing

or kind of, so this modal tells us around, right? You should do something is like it's

the right thing to do. It doesn't mean you're going to do it, but it is the right thing

to do. It's approximately, giving an approximation. In this case, when we said around, he should

arrive, I think so, that's what he should do. Don't know, maybe, maybe a little earlier,

a little late. Through makes no sense, here, because you can't go through 9 o'clock. You're

not a car hitting a wall, okay?

And then, finally, number five. The test was very difficult, and I couldn't answer all

of the questions. I, out of, ahead of time. What do you think? Sorry, time's up. What

time now? I ran out of time. Ran out of. Remember, you have no more left. If you were ahead of

time, that would be early, but you said it was very difficult, and you couldn't answer,

so clearly, you ran out of time. Cool? All right, so now we're going to answer these

questions, and I hope to give you not just the answers to the questions, but the understanding

that you have to look at context, showing you that different words can give you the

word you want to use, yeah? Expanding not just, I know the answer to this, but I know

how to think about these things. That's what I want for you.

So, before I finish with expressions of time, I've got three extra ones for you, and of

course, your homework. Red is for blood, because it's dangerous. All right, so, by the time.

By the time I explain by the time, and you read it in a dictionary, you may be more or

less confused. I'm joking. I don't like the dictionary definition for this one. Please

check it out if you wish to, but I will give you the best word for it. Are you ready?

Before. Dun-da-da-da-da-da-da-da. Yes, all the gods are hailing me right now. Before.

It's the simplest way to explain it. I love looking to the dictionary to explain, like,

and it was like, oh, by the time this extra da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da, by the time, like,

oh my god, this is so difficult. What's the easiest thing? Before. What do I mean? Something's

going to happen. Let's just say, store's going to close. Before the store closes, be here.

By the time the store closes, be here. All right? Don't come after, that's no good. So,

when we say by the time, we're saying here. Here is the end of that time, and you have

to arrive at least by here. At least. If not, before is better. That's it. Before. Before

this. I know, simple. And some of you are going, but I haven't written, and it's so

difficult. I told you, this was a hard one. It took me a while to find the easiest word

to give to you. On the dot is easy. So, if we did by the time, you could look at it this

way. Time is going this way. Notice the arrow isn't touching because you want to be here

by this time. Not after, not at. Simple enough. On the dot. Bang. Right there. On the dot.

If you are, it's 5 o'clock, on the dot, it's exactly 4.59, 5.58, 5.57, 5.59. Bang. 5 o'clock.

On the dot. Exactly. Just in time. If you're like me, and you know you're walking somewhere,

and the door's about to close, and somebody opens it up, and they're walking through,

and all of a sudden, you're like Usain Bolt or some other fast runner, and you run just

in time so you don't have to do the door yourself. You know, you're too lazy to open the door,

you want to just in time or the door would have closed on you. Okay? So, just in time

means the time was almost up, but you finished similar to this, but not exactly the same.

You finished just in time because any more, it would have been in trouble. Okay? That's

the difference. So, this one, if you were any later, psh, too late. This is... This

is your limitation. So, even though they look kind of similar, they're not the same.

And how we're going to practice this is doing the homework. So, here's your homework, and

I want you to go work on this. Okay? And in the comments, leave the comments below, you

will get 10 points for every question you get right. So, you can get a total of 30 points,

and you guys know how you vote. You give them a thumbs up if you're on YouTube, you give

them a little thumbs up or a little checkmark if you're anywhere else, and that tells the

person who wrote it they did a good job. And we kind of want to show our appreciation,

because if you've watched this whole video and you're still here, you've put the time

in, and if you take the time to actually figure it out, it's nice to give someone a little

pat on the back, going, "Hey, way to go. You're really here to learn the language." Okay?

So, number one, they... Oh, by the way, I should say, I've noticed a lot of you guys

do do that, and thank you for the ones who put the thumbs up and actually go through

and read the comments and help other people out, because you've also made corrections.

Thank you. So, here we go. So, the first question for homework, "They got there just before

the plane left." I was told you should say that the plane took off. I know that is correct,

but I didn't have much room. Okay? I've only got this much room to work with. So, the plane

took off. They got there. I can't tell you. Sorry. That's your homework. Next, "The ambulance

will be there ten minutes." Ooh, that sounds like you need to... It's starting now. They

got to get there somewhat now. That's a clue, by the way. I'm giving you a hint. Now, the

last question of the day is, "The test was over, and Nina wasn't finished. She something...

She ran..." Time. What could that be? Well, you're smart, and I know you watched the lesson

because you're still looking at me, as pretty as I am. Okay? No, I'm not that pretty, I

look like a dog's breakfast. Anyway, listen. Thank you very much for doing the lesson.

Thank you very much for studying with us. I always appreciate that there are people

out there who want to better themselves. And on that note, if you want to learn or take

on other lessons with other prepositions, that of time or prepositions of place or how

we do things, you want to go to the source. You want to go to www.engvid.com. Okay? Where

there are myself and other teachers who will be happy to help you. There's probably about

1,000 lessons, if not more right now. Go check it out. Anyway, have a good one, and I'll

see you soon. I'm out of here. Intent.