English Grammar - Adverb Suffixes: -ly, -wards, -wise

Hi, James from EngVid, recently Mr. E has got a promotion and well, I used to be the

star of my own video, James ESL, you remember? Now it's James, actually it's Mr. E and James

ESL. Lesson of today, I was reading but he wanted to read something to me. Okay, so let's

see what it is. Mr. E walks slowly towards the cute girl and smiles, otherwise she might

have walked away. Oh, lesson on adverbs, but not just any adverbs, he wants to teach us

adverb suffixes. Let's go to the board. So Mr. E walks slowly, okay, slowly is modifying

how we walk, okay, I got that, slowly, okay, slowly, cool, towards the cute girl. Oh, towards,

yeah, okay, towards, I got it, I got it, I got it, and smiles, otherwise she might have

walked away, otherwise, otherwise. Okay, cool, so what, who cares? Oh, oh, he's going to

teach you something. Oh, actually, I'm going to teach you, but I get it, I get it. Three

words up here have adverb endings and these are, you might say, common adverb endings

in English, okay? So today we're going to learn what those endings are and we're also

going to learn how they are added to certain words and how we can use them. Ready? Let's

go to the board. So we've got slowly, towards, and otherwise, otherwise, okay? So what Mr.

E pointed out to me is L-Y, towards, and wise. One, two, and three. But before I can even

talk about them, he wants to make sure you understand why these are important and why

they are what are called adverb suffixes. Now, if you're watching this video, I know

you know what an adverb is, but I'm going to be a little bit silly and explain it to

you and I'll explain suffix, and from doing that, I think you'll be able to pick up what

these mean, why they mean them, and other things, well, you'll come back and we'll teach

you other lessons where you can learn all of them, alright? Okay, to start off with,

what's an adverb? Most students know adverbs modify verbs. Now, you're going to say, "How

does it modify a verb?" Well, adverb. Well, we know a verb is usually an action word,

right? Telling us to do something, right? Well, the word "add" in English means "fix"

or "add on." So it means add to a verb, so usually when we do adverbs, literally, we

add this word, we join it towards a verb, right? Now, what does suffix mean? Well, suffix

has, well, it's right here. Singing because I'm happy. Springtime in Canada. Yellow shirt.

Springtime. Alright, so "souf." "Souf" means "under," actually. Well, it's not "souf,"

it's "sous," means "under." I keep using the red marker, right? It's bad. Bad, bad, bad.

So what I want to say is "souf" or "souf" usually means "under." But in this case, it

means "after." Okay? And "fix" means "add." Believe it or not. So look. Add, fix, fix,

add. So what we're trying to say here is this. When you have a suffix, the word suffix basically

means, you can probably only see my arm right now, but that's okay. It's a magic arm. Okay?

So suffix. Okay, so one more letter is added after a word. Why is this important? Well,

it has one of two jobs. It will change the class and/or, it could be "and" or "meaning."

An example of this would be the word "work." Okay? So let me just find some room over here.

Okay? I'm just going to put this over here. Erase that a little bit. I know some of you

are taking really good notes, and I don't want to stop you from doing your work. So

here's an example for you. Work. Work is a verb. That's the class. Verb. Okay? Now, if

we change it and add, like, for instance, "er," so plus "er," which would be a suffix,

right? What you'll find is, by adding the suffix, "work" becomes "worker." And by the

magic of television and my pen, or my marker, "worker" is a noun. So by adding a suffix

"er," we've done two things. We've changed the word class. It has now gone from a verb

to a noun. And then we've changed the meaning. "Work" is an activity you do, usually for

financial gain or money, benefit. Or, you know, you do work because you have to clean

your house. We consider it work, not something you're doing for fun. It's necessary. But

the "worker" is the person doing the activity. It's a noun. It's the person doing the activity.

Right? So we've got that. And it's got a different meaning, right? It's not "work"

activity. It's a person. So "verb" noun. Just two letters. Now, whenever we add any

suffixes, this is what happens. Okay? You add it, it could change the class of the word

and keep the meaning. Usually it doesn't. Or it can change the meaning. Or do both.

Cool? Alright. Now "adverb," so obviously we add this to a verb, so it's going to actually,

when we use an adverb, modify the meaning of the verb. So when you have an adverb, it

changes the verb. Tells you if the verb is moving. How is the verb moving? Slowly? Quickly?

Right? How's he talking? Fast? Maybe he's not speaking fast, but is he speaking quickly?

Is he speaking slowly? Are you... I'm trying to think of another "ly" word. Privately?

Talking privately? Commonly? Alright? All of these, "ly."

So, now we've done this, what I want to do is I'm going to erase the board here, because

you've taken all these notes, right? You're good? So I have one, two, three, magic, it's

going to be all gone. That's a basic lesson. I'll do it another time as well. Alright?

So you've got that. Alright? And we're going to look at the words that we have up here.

Now, Mr. E has "ly" as I mentioned, wards, ward or wards, and "y"s. Okay? Now, commonly,

this is common, "ly" is what we call common. Many, many adverbs end in "ly." It's very

common. Quickly, slowly, highly, especially, beautifully, exceptionally, end in "ly."

Okay? It's a common one. And it has to usually do with related to or quality of. So when

you have the "ly," it's usually related to or quality. That's common. The other thing

is usually we add it to adjectives. So if you look at it, you'll find "ly" will be,

it's a common suffix, as I said, because our lesson is on, what is our lesson on? Adverb

suffixes, right? So it's on adverb suffixes. So one of the common ones you'll see is "ly."

Now, what we usually do is add it to adjectives. So, she dressed beautifully for the occasion.

He is an exceptionally bright student, or intelligent student. The man ran quickly up

the hill. Right? All of those are adjectives, and it's like slow, and it's being modified.

What about wards? What does wards mean? Well, it can either be ward or wards without changing

the meaning. Ward means direction. Ward literally means direction. Onward, inward, outward,

right? Downward, skyward, toward, forward, backward. Luckily, ward has only about ten

particular words. I'm not going to give them all to you right now, but in the dictionary

there's only about ten. I've said like seven of them right there. So it usually means direction.

It's telling us where is it going? Where are you going? All right? Direction. And examples

would be, I'll tell you this one because people get confused with this one. This is a good

one. So here's an example, all right? Let's just make that a little neater here. I'm speaking

slowly and it's killing me. An example would be toward. Toward means to a given direction

or to an area. Now, going toward is funny because you can go toward something in many

different ways. So let me give an example, all right? Because it just means to, right?

It means to some direction. The rest are easy. For instance, backward. I'm going to walk

backward towards the camera. Okay? Backward. I'm going to walk forward, forward meaning

front, front towards the camera. Now watch. I'm going to go towards the camera, but it

won't be front, forward, or back, backward. It's going to be this way. See? Sideways.

But we go, he's going toward the camera. There's a door over there. I'm going to go towards

the door. But it's backwards. No. My direction is to, and that's all that matters when you're

toward. So when you get confused with toward in the future, you go, they're just telling

me they're going to something, and it doesn't matter how I get there. I can do this toward

the door. I'm still going to the door. See? Going to. So instead of toward, you say going

to, and that's about what it means. Going to that place in a given direction. Cool?

That's wards. You know, it's always about direction. The final one is wise. I did a

video earlier where I talked about wise being, oh, the wise man knows all. Or if you like

Star Wars, Yoda. Knowing much not, I do. That's my bad, Yoda. What can I say? I don't get

paid lots to do this, okay? You got a million dollars for that movie. So, wise. Well, in

this case, wise means, now we usually use the words pertaining, but I didn't want to

explain it. I will now that I've said it. Pertaining to is similar to, but not exactly

the same as in relation to. It means in regards, in relation, pertaining. It's about something,

about some subject. Now, here's the key here. When I said to, with wards, okay? I'll give

you a couple words over here because I don't have a lot of space on this end, right? So,

I'm going to go towards the other side of the board. See? You like that? Towards the

other side. And over here, I'm going to put a couple words here and you're going to get

the words like, for instance, back, for, up, down, in, out. Okay? Now, what about wise?

Well, wise, we usually add wise to the end. Wards is for direction words. You can see

these are all directions. That's easy enough. That's why I said there's only about ten,

okay? But the thing about wise is, wise is sort of a weird one. Earlier in English, there

were only about three of these words that ended in wise. But it is now common practice

for us to add wise to a lot of words. Usually, these words have to be nouns because wise

is like the word about. About always tells us about some subject that we have to be concerned

about. Wise does the same thing in this case. With wise, we use a noun to tell us what it's

about. So, I would say to you, time-wise, this video is about fifteen minutes long.

Relating to the time, it is about fifteen minutes long. Money-wise, I am a very, very

rich man. Ha, I own the world. Actually, that's a lie. Money-wise, I'm a very, very poor man.

After this, I have to clean the floor. You know, I'm going to put on my little uniform

and sweep around. Ezekiel is my boss. That's why he got new hair. See, before he had no

hair, he bought hair. He's so rich. Okay? Budget-wise. Budget-wise, our movies are doing

well. We're on budget. We buy two coffee at this and this is all we can do. Thank you

for helping us out. Okay. Budget-wise. So, we can say time-wise, budget-wise, friend-wise,

child-wise. Every time we say wise, it means relating to the subject at the beginning of

the word wise. So, child-wise, I have no children. So, I go, how are things going? Family-wise,

regarding your family, talking about your family, pertaining to your family. Right?

So, that's your adverbial use. So, these are three, ly for lie, wards. So, ly, which is

the most common ending used for adverbs. Right? And by the way, where do you usually find

the adverb? Maybe when you do the quiz at the end, you will find out or you can tell

me. Anyway. Yeah, quiz at EngVid. Let's not forget. Anyway, so ly is the most common ending

added to adverbs. So, not all the time. Some adjective endings actually have an ly ending.

So, be careful in this. About 80% of the time, ly at the end of the word, following the verb

or situated after the verb, it's adverb. 80% of the time, you can almost guarantee it because

we usually don't put the adverb between the noun and the verb. Right? Cool. Wards. Anytime

you see the word ending ward, w-a-r-d, you can almost assume 80% of the time that it's

going to be a direction. The first part of the word will tell you which direction you're

going in. Inward, outward. Upward, downward. Toward, backward. It's telling you to go in

this direction. He went, oh, here's one that you may see, but I almost forgot. Sorry. So,

in one of my former songs, my favorite songs, homeward means in the direction of home. He

is going homeward. Homeward bound. Heading home. Going home. Cool, huh? Alright. Now,

wise, not to form intelligence, but you could say, I am a wise man. Everything is in relation

to something else. Right? Zen. What can I say? So, you might say, time-wise, we're almost

finished. I'd like to stay with you, but money-wise, I've got to go to work. Remember? Sweep the

floor for Ezekiel. Okay? See? So, we put them together. Now, when we read this story, it

gets interesting, right? Mr. E walks slowly towards the girl. Maybe he's going backwards.

Towards the girl. Okay? Otherwise, she might have made a different decision. So, relating

to something else. Otherwise. Cool? She might have walked away. Anyway, I'm going to get

going. Time-wise, it's been a blast hanging out with you. I have to quickly move on to

another lesson, and I think we'll be doing upwards of another ten to fifteen videos for

you real soon. Like that. See? Adverbial use. You just learned about suffixes, adverbs,

I even told you where to position if you were listening carefully. The seven most common

ones for a word, the only ones. Why's, how you actually add nouns to why's to give the

relationship when you're talking about something to someone. How you use words to give direction.

And ly, the most common ending, which means related to or quality of. I think I did that

beautifully. See? Related to beautiful. Anyway, you know the deal. I've got to get going.

Mr. E with his new hair. I like this look. Looks good on him. Styling. Alright? Starting

to intentionally attract the woman and bring them towards him. Otherwise, he'd be a lonely

worm with no little wormlings around. What I want you to do is go to www.com. And if

you notice, I got silent because people pay attention when you write. Go to engVid. I'll

see you there. There's going to be a quiz at engVid. Hopefully you'll participate and

take it and see how well you're going to score on my little text chat.