A Food System That Fights Climate Change — Instead of Causing It | Gonzalo Muñoz | TED

21,017 views ・ 2024-10-29

TED


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00:08
So when we speak about climate negotiations,
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intergovernmental processes,
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we always think that the people working there are, of course, diplomats,
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ministers, politicians, right?
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Well, last year, I was asked by the United Arab Emirates,
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the country that was in charge of the climate negotiations,
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to help deliver a significant progress
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in the connection between food and climate.
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My name is Gonzalo Muñoz, I'm a farmer from Chile,
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and definitely, it's a pleasure to be with all of you here today.
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So back in the farm,
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I've been dealing with water scarcity for the last 15 years.
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We've seen firsthand how much climate change is affecting
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and reducing our capacity to produce,
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as well as how much our conventional practices
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are contributing to the problem.
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That, of course, inspired us to innovate.
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So, for example,
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producing the best 2023 Chilean Syrah with only one liter of water,
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instead of an average of 240 liters
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as a normal practice in the region where we are.
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I also got very much involved in the global promotion of circular economy,
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as well as with certification standards
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for companies that meet
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the highest performance and social and environmental practices,
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so-called B Corps.
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Probably because of that, in 2019,
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the Chilean government invited me
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to serve as the United Nations High-Level Climate Action Champion.
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And in that role, I had to mobilize all non-state actors.
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Of course, companies like mine,
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but as well as cities, some national governments,
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financial institutions, civil society,
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anyone that can deliver concrete action on the ground,
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and through that, push for governments,
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for them also to take bolder action on climate.
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But there, I noticed that there was something missing.
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The broader food system, from the way we produce, distribute, consume,
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even the way we're wasting our food,
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has a huge impact in the climate crisis.
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02:01
As you all probably know,
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food and agriculture are really complex topics.
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I bet we won't find two people in this room
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that have exactly the same understanding and relationship with food,
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whether it's because of health reasons, or it can be because of ideology,
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or religion, or culture, or even because of taste.
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Well, same thing happens with countries.
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For some countries, the number one priority is food security,
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whereas some communities deeply rely on agricultural commodities like cotton,
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or beef or soy.
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So part of the problem as well
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is that the food system nowadays is not fit for purpose.
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At this precise moment in history,
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there are around 800 million of hungry people.
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And at the same time, we're wasting and losing
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about one-third of the food production.
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Our food system is both causing climate change
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and being severely affected by the climate crisis.
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Of course, it's also a system confronting many different challenges,
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like a pandemic, right?
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Or conflicts, or disrupted supply chains or droughts,
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all types of shocks and stresses.
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So at this point, you can imagine
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that food and agriculture are really political topics, right?
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And of course, we can no longer delay.
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So I have some news to share with all of you.
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In 2023,
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led by the United Arab Emirates,
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and with the help of so many brilliant people,
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some of whom are here in the room,
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we tried a new approach,
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and that means that we work
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with the UAE Food and Agriculture Declaration
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to ensure the highest political recognition
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that food must move from being a source of pollution and degradation
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to become one of the most important tools for climate action,
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benefiting both people and the planet.
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Well, have you any of you tried ever to agree with your neighbors
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on something like, whatever, paint the communal walls
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and decide the color?
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(Laughter)
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Hard, right?
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Well, try to agree on food and agriculture
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with 200 countries.
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(Laughter)
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Yeah, wish you luck.
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When we started this plan,
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we set ourselves a goal of "Let's try to put together
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100 heads of state signing the UAE Declaration.
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At the end, we not have only 100,
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but 159 heads of state signing the UAE Declaration on Food and Agriculture.
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That and counting. That is absolutely --
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(Cheers and applause)
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Thank you.
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That is massive, and honestly, absolutely unprecedented.
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How we did it and most importantly, how can we accelerate progress?
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First, focus on people building the resilience of food producers, farmers,
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fisherfolks, anyone that is producing our food,
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for those people to thrive despite the climate crisis and become real,
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effective stewards of nature.
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Second, set a goal, but not prescribe how to get there.
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Every country is facing different circumstances.
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We have to respect that,
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and allow every country to design their pathway,
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and of course, ask them to set precise goals and targets.
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Third, we need, of course,
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to reflect on the diversity and complexity of food systems.
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Every region has a different starting point.
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On the other side, during this process,
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real economy actors started to discuss
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what a food system non-state actors called to action could look like.
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So with the leadership of the high-level champions,
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and building on several experiences that happened before,
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we started to get a very careful consultation process,
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with many stakeholders from all around the world,
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from smallholder farmers to big, multinational corporations on food,
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from Indigenous communities to commercial banks,
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to concretely have a common vision
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and a set of ten priority goals to ensure climate action.
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Amazingly, more than 1,000 groups of non-state actors
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endorsed the call to action,
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and with more and more endorsing every day,
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as we continue rallying them towards the next cycle of negotiations.
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So suddenly, we were in front
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of what we can call, potentially, an ambition loop.
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It's a positive, virtuous loop between states and non-state actors.
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When countries strongly agree on something,
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they send a message to the real economy,
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where some non-state actors immediately react by raising the bar,
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with concrete examples.
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That act of leadership, proving that it can be done,
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immediately sends back the message to the politicians,
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encouraging them for also raising the bar through policymaking.
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That's what we triggered in the run up and during the negotiations in Dubai.
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So now, we have these two pledges.
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It's great, but it's not enough. We know that.
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And many of us, many here in the room and myself,
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have a mission to continue to mobilize action
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as we envision this next cycle of negotiations towards 2025,
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in Brazil and beyond.
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There will be many, many things that are needed, right?
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But let me refer to a few of them that come to my mind as critical.
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First, we have to stop damaging nature.
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Our food system depends and relies on functional and healthy ecosystems
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and resources.
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Second, we need to scale all forms of finance
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for the transition towards a sustainable food system,
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but at the same time for innovating,
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changing the incentives,
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and at the same time, for securing a just transition for everyone.
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We also need to develop
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all types of metrics, goals and targets
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for countries to own them
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so we can also hold governments to account when we measure progress.
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Of course, we will need much more than that, but just with that,
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we can start envisioning the start of this new ambition loop,
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just like we had in the previous decades, with renewable energy.
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And of course, I have my ambition loop in my farm, too.
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We will continue working on innovating on practices
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for reducing the need of water,
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we will continue working on regeneration,
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with endangered species.
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We will continue using renewable energy.
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And let's imagine what happens when those practices are packed,
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and therefore scaled up to the size of a country like Chile,
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and you have more and more farmers, more and more businesses,
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more and more value chains adopting those practices.
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All of a sudden,
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we can have a global food system that is fit for purpose,
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nourishing everyone while restoring the earth.
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That's the ambition loop I want to see.
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Muchas gracias.
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(Cheers and applause)
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