Linking Words in English | However, Instead, Therefore

24,213 views ใƒป 2023-05-10

Speak Confident English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Did you know that words such as however, instead meanwhile,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋Œ€์‹ ์—,
00:04
and therefore can help your speech to flow? In other words,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์„ค ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์ฆ‰,
00:09
these words create smooth transitions from one sentence to the next.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
I like to think of these words as building bridges between our
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:19
sentences or ideas,
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.
00:21
and without those bridges there can be unexpected or abrupt
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋“ค
00:26
gaps between those ideas leading to confusion among our
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์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐ
00:31
listeners right now, you might be thinking, that sounds great,
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ 
00:35
Annemarie would love to use those words and improve my flow,
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Annemarie๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„
00:39
but I'm not really sure how to use them or what these words mean and
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:44
I totally hear you. That's exactly why I'm doing this lesson today. Moreover,
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ
00:49
these linking words are a crucial component to fluent
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
00:54
cohesive communication in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
They help us connect ideas,
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ
01:00
show the relationship between sentences and create a logical
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๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ 
01:05
flow of thought. In this particular Confident English lesson,
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์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ Confident English ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ,
01:09
we're going to focus on linking words that help you compare and contrast
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
01:14
show, cause and effect,
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์‡ผ, ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
indicate progression and much more along the way,
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01:21
you'll learn what common linking words such as, however,
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01:24
meanwhile and therefore mean and I'll share with you how to use them
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ํ•œํŽธ ๋ฐ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:29
using practical examples. By the end of this lesson,
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. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
01:33
you'll have a solid understanding of how to use these linking words
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01:38
in your English communication for improved fluency and cohesion.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•จ๊ณผ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์–ด ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
But before we start, if you don't already know,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์•„์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:59
I'm Annemarie with Speak Confident English.
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์ €๋Š” Speak Confident English์˜ Annemarie์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Everything I do is designed to help you get the confidence you want for your
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
02:06
life and work in English.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
One way I do that is by sharing weekly Confident English lessons where I
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
02:12
highlight my top fluency and confidence-building strategies,
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•จ๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ „๋žต,
02:17
targeted vocabulary lessons,
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๋ชฉํ‘œ ์–ดํœ˜ ์ˆ˜์—…, ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ
02:19
and a focus on grammar topics such as this lesson on linking words
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:24
in English. While you're here,
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
02:26
make sure you subscribe to my Speak Confident English channel so you never miss
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์ œ Speak Confident English ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:31
one of these Confident English lessons. To start,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์˜์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ ‘์† ๋ถ€์‚ฌ
02:35
let's get a clear understanding of how these linking words in
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์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
02:40
English or conjunctive adverbs work and why they're important.
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์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:45
A conjunctive adverb is an adverb such as however or
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๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์—
02:50
accordingly or an adverb phrase such as on the other
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
02:55
hand or as a result that are used to connect
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ
02:59
ideas together,
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ
03:01
creating a bridge or a smooth transition from one idea to
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:06
the next. These conjunctive adverbs are also known as linking words.
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. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
What's most important about these words is that they have a job to do in a
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์—์„œ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:16
sentence.
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.
03:17
This job includes showing the connection between
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ
03:22
ideas or thoughts shared within one sentence.
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๊ณต์œ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:26
They also link ideas mentioned through two or more sentences,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ
03:32
and finally they clarify the relationship between ideas.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
What this really means is they help us clearly indicate when
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:42
we are making a comparison or drawing contrasts.
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.
03:47
They help us show cause and effect.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ–‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆœ์„œ ๋“ฑ์„
03:50
They clearly indicate a progression or sequence and
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:55
so much more.
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.
03:56
Before we take a look at our first category of conjunctive adverbs
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04:01
used for contrast,
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๋Œ€์กฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ ‘์† ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
04:02
I want to talk about how we use these linking words in written and
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์„œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๋‘ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:07
spoken communication in writing, for example.
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.
04:11
There are few specific rules we need to follow.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
I want you to take a look at this sentence and notice where we have the
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:19
conjunctive adverb. My daughter broke her arm while climbing a tree.
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. ๋”ธ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํŒ”์ด ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
Consequently,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
04:24
she won't be able to write her homework for school for the next few weeks.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•™๊ต ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
When a conjunctive adverb connects two ideas within one
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์ ‘์†๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ‘์†
04:34
single sentence,
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04:36
we use a semicolon before and then a comma after the
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ ์•ž์—๋Š” ์„ธ๋ฏธ์ฝœ๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:40
conjunctive adverb. On the other hand,
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. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด
04:42
when a conjunctive adverb is used to connect ideas across several sentences or
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์ ‘์†๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:48
indicate a relationship within a sentence, it is followed by a comma.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค.
04:53
Here are two examples. Imagine your office is having a two day meeting.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ดํ‹€๊ฐ„์˜ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:59
Everyone is attending the first day except for one person.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฒซ๋‚  ์ฐธ์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ ๋‚ ์—
05:03
After you indicate who is joining on day one, you might say Lena however,
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์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” Lena๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ
05:08
is joining us for the meeting tomorrow or however Lena will
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ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ Lena๊ฐ€
05:13
be joining us tomorrow. With those rules in mind,
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๋‚ด์ผ ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
05:16
let's take a look at our first group of conjunctive,
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ,
05:19
adverbs or linking words used for contrast.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
Here we're going to look at however, conversely instead,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
05:27
and on the other hand, the word,
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๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
05:29
however is used to indicate contrast or to
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๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „์— ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
05:34
contradict something that has been said previously and it means despite
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05:39
whatever manner, way, or degree.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ˆœ์„
05:42
Let's take a look at another sentence where we use the word however to indicate
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:46
that contrast or contradiction.
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.
05:49
There may however be a good reason Nina couldn't come to the party.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Nina๊ฐ€ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
05:54
The initial assumption of course might be that there would never be a good
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์€
05:59
reason to not attend a party,
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜
06:01
but we're contradicting that assumption or belief with the statement that
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:06
perhaps Nina did have a good reason.
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Nina๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹นํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๋ชจ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
Our second word conversely means in a reverse manner or the opposite way.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
For example, Kelly has a sweet tooth. Conversely,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด Kelly๋Š” ๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ
06:20
her husband prefers savory foods.
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๋‚จํŽธ์€ ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
06:23
The word instead is used to indicate substitution or
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๋Œ€์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:27
replacement. An alternative. For example,
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. ๋Œ€์•ˆ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
06:31
we had planned to go to dinner and then to a movie,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํšํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:34
but we were running late and by the time we got there the movie was over.
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๋Šฆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Instead, we decided to go straight to the restaurant and just have dinner.
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๋Œ€์‹  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹๋‹น์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
06:43
The last one in this category is on the other hand like the word. However,
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์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
06:48
this indicates contrast to a statement that was previously stated
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ „์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ ์ง„์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ
06:53
and we use it to present a different point of view. For example,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
06:58
I'd love for us to implement this new social media strategy. On the other hand,
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
07:03
I think it's going to take much longer than we anticipate and we already have a
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ
07:08
number of projects that we're working on right now.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
While linking words for contrast allow us to indicate opposing
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๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:16
or contradicting statements,
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๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ต ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:18
we can also use linking words for comparisons or similarities
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
07:24
and two words we often use to do this are the words,
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
07:27
likewise and similarly.
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์œ ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Likewise means in the same way. For example,
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
07:35
we offer a great benefit package to our employees. Likewise,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ณต๋ฆฌํ›„์ƒ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
07:39
we offer competitive salaries as well.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
The word similarly is used to mean in a like style
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ
07:47
manner or way. For example,
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๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
07:50
we all know cars need to stop at red lights. Similarly,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„๋ถˆ์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
07:55
cyclists must stop at red lights as well,
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๋นจ๊ฐ„๋ถˆ์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
and now let's take a look at four conjunctive adverbs used to indicate cause and
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์ด์ œ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
effect. For this category, we're going to look at the words accordingly,
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. ์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:08
hence, therefore,
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08:10
and consequently accordingly means in agreement with
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08:15
or correspondingly. For example, after a major storm in your area,
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์— ํฐ ํญํ’์ด ๋ชฐ์•„์นœ ํ›„
08:21
you might see or hear this sentence, classes are canceled today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ทจ์†Œ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
Accordingly, you'll have an extra day to study for your upcoming exam.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
The next word is,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
08:32
hence this means because of a preceding fact or premise
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์ œ
08:38
or a fact or premise that has come before. For example,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ์˜จ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
08:42
the project deadline has changed and will need to finish this earlier
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๊ธฐํ•œ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์–ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ์ฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:47
than expected. Hence,
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
08:49
we'll need everyone on the team to shift their focus to this project until
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ํŒ€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋  ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:54
it's completed the next one. Therefore,
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ
08:58
this means for that reason,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ,
09:01
for that cause or for that purpose.
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๊ทธ ์›์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
09:07
let's say you've recently reserved a meeting location and then you discover
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ชจ์ž„ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:11
that there was a mistake. You might hear this conversation,
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
we accidentally double booked this room for your meeting,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ๊ธฐ
09:21
therefore we'll have to ask you to move your meeting to a later time
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์ค‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:25
and lastly, consequently,
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09:28
this is used to mean as a negative result of something.
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.
09:33
For example, I spent all my money on the renovations. Consequently,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์กฐ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ˆ์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:38
I couldn't buy a new car.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ
09:40
We have two more categories for linking words that help you create these smooth
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:45
connections in your speech.
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.
09:47
The next category is conjunctive adverbs for
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š”
09:52
sequence or progression.
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์ˆœ์„œ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ ‘์† ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
This is particularly useful when you're communicating a process, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌ
09:59
or giving someone instructions,
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ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์นจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋•Œ ํŠนํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
and here we have four words we're going to review subsequently.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:06
Then finally, and incidentally,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:10
the first one subsequently means at a later time or
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ดํ›„์— ๋˜๋Š”
10:15
following right after in a time or place.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
For example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
10:20
the third quarter losses were unforeseen and the company
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3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์†์‹ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
10:25
subsequently laid off 50 employees.
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์ดํ›„ 50๋ช…์˜ ์ง์›์„ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
In that sentence subsequently indicates that after one thing happened,
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ›„,
10:35
the third quarter losses, something else happened right Afterward.
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3/4๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ์†์‹ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํ›„์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
Our next word then can be used in the same way. In fact,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค
10:43
it has nearly the same meaning. For example,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
10:47
we could follow up the last two sentences of the third quarter losses and
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3๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ
10:52
the company layoff with then the company filed for bankruptcy.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์‚ฐ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
The word finally is used to indicate that we're at the end or the
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finally๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
11:01
conclusion of something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
It can also mean ultimately or lastly. For example,
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
11:08
if someone is giving an opinion and while doing so,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์‹œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”
11:12
they give several reasons for having that opinion.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:15
You might hear this at the end. Finally,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
11:18
I believe it's important to advocate for gender equity in the workplace and our
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ
11:23
fourth word in this category. Incidentally,
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์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:26
this is used to introduce a related thought or idea and it comes
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋œ
11:31
after the main topic or ideas mentioned, but with less importance.
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์ฃผ์š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ๋’ค์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€๋งŒ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
Let's say you recently went to a theater performance and you loved it,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์—ฐ๊ทน ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„์„œ
11:40
so you've been recommending it to friends.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:43
You have a friend who has decided to go,
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๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:47
but she's never been to this theater before. In that conversation you might say,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „์— ์ด ๊ทน์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
we loved the play incidentally,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
remind me to send you directions to the theater and now our final category,
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๊ทน์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ณผ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ์ธ ์ ‘์†
12:00
conjunctive adverbs. For time.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด.
12:03
Here we're going to look at the words meanwhile later and now
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ
12:08
meanwhile means until something expected happens
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
12:13
or wow something else is happening. For example,
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
12:17
perhaps you're following a series of steps to bake a cake. In that process,
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์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฝ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
12:23
you might see these two steps. After you take the cake out of the oven,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ธ์—์„œ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ธ ํ›„
12:28
the cake should cool for an hour. Meanwhile,
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์ผ€์ดํฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ํ˜€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐํฌ๋ฆผ
12:31
you can begin preparing the buttercream. In other words,
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์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฆ‰,
12:35
while the cake is cooling, during that time, you can begin to do something else.
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์ผ€์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Our next word is lately, which means of late or recently.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” lately๋กœ, ๋Šฆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
For example, lately I've been walking to work instead of taking the bus,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:52
and finally the word now, which means at the present time,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:57
it's also used when we're beginning to tell someone about something.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Here are two examples.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Now keep in mind New York is a busy city with millions of people.
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์ด์ œ ๋‰ด์š•์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ๋„์‹œ์ž„์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:10
In that particular sentence, I'm not talking about the present moment.
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๊ทธ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
I'm actually using the word now to begin telling someone something
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
and now here's a second example.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
It took Xena many years to sharpen her skills.
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Xena๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์—ฐ๋งˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
Now she mentors young people across the city and with that you have
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋„์‹œ ์ „์—ญ์˜ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
13:30
multiple examples of conjunctive,
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13:33
adverbs or linking words that can be used to help you have smooth transitions
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์›ํ™œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™˜
13:38
and improve your flow. When you speak,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ,
13:41
I know these words can be challenging to learn and use,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
so I have an in-depth practice for you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
I'm going to share with you a couple of example paragraphs, and in doing so,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
13:52
I want you to review the words you've learned here and try to identify
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šต ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„
13:57
example words you could use to create links between these sentences or
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‹œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:02
ideas. Of course,
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ
14:04
you can share your example answers with me in the comments below,
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์˜ˆ์‹œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋‚˜์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜
14:08
and I'll include my answers in the comments as well.
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—๋„ ๋‚ด ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:12
Let's take a look at the first example paragraph.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ์ œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
Stress is a common issue in today's fast paced world.
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:20
It can be managed effectively with some simple techniques.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
Taking breaks throughout the day or going for a walk can help alleviate stress.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํ•ด์†Œ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
Meditating can help as well. What do you think?
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๋ช…์ƒ๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
14:34
What two words might you use in those sentences provided?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
14:38
And now let's take a look at a second example. For this one,
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:42
I want you to imagine a team leader communicating in a meeting.
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ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ€ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:46
The scope of this product launch is much broader than initially anticipated.
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์ด ์ œํ’ˆ ์ถœ์‹œ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋„“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ 
14:52
I'll need to reevaluate our priorities and we'll ask a few team members to shift
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์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
14:56
their focus to the launch so we can meet our deadlines.
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๊ธฐํ•œ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์˜ ํŒ€์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ถœ์‹œ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
Susan and Ahmed, I'll keep you on rebranding the campaign for X, Y,
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Susan๊ณผ Ahmed, ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ X, Y,
15:05
Z company as we'll.
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Z ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
15:06
Have some important deadlines approaching for that project as well. Again,
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ๋„ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
15:12
I'd love to know what two words you think could be used to create
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15:16
clear links in those sentences and those ideas.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
If you found today's lesson helpful to you, I would love to know. As always,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด
15:25
you can tell me in one very simple way,
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
give this lesson a thumbs up here on YouTube and while you're at it,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ YouTube์—์„œ ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ 
15:31
don't forget to subscribe so you never miss one of my Confident English lessons.
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๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์ œ Confident English ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
Thank you so much for joining me and I look forward to seeing you next time.
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋˜ ๋ต™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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