Practice Past Perfect Tense | Basic English Grammar Course | Check Up

59,071 views ใƒป 2020-07-03

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:01
I'm Esther.
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็งใฏใ‚จใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚
00:02
Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฎ
็ทด็ฟ’ๅ•้กŒใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
00:09
Take a look at the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:11
โ€˜I blank for six hours before I had a break.โ€™
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ใ€Œไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ6ๆ™‚้–“ใƒœใƒผใƒƒใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
00:16
The verb here is โ€˜workโ€™.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๅƒใใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:18
Remember, we need to say โ€˜I hadโ€™.
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ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:22
No matter what the subject is, say โ€˜hadโ€™.
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ไธป้กŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:27
And then, you take the past participle of the verb.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
In this case, we would say โ€˜workedโ€™.
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ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ†ใพใใ„ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
00:36
โ€˜I had worked for six hours before I had a break.โ€™
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ใ€Œไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ™ใ‚‹ใพใง6ๆ™‚้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
00:41
For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใงใฏใ€ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใ‚’่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:45
โ€˜We blank TV before we listened to the radio.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ชใ‚’่žใๅ‰ใซใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’ๆถˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
00:51
Remember, for the negative form, we say โ€˜had notโ€™
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ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œhad notใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†
00:55
or we use the contraction, โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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ใ‹ใ€็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใฎใ€Œhadn'tใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
00:59
โ€˜We hadnโ€™tโ€™.
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ใ€Œใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€‚
01:01
And then, we need the past participle.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
โ€˜We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.โ€™
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏใƒฉใ‚ธใ‚ชใ‚’่žใใพใงใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
01:12
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใง้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:17
โ€˜Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚ธใƒผใฏใƒšใƒซใƒผใซ่กŒใๅ‰ใซใƒกใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ณใซ่กŒใใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใ ใฃใŸใ‚“ใ ใ€‚ใ€
01:23
Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, โ€˜hadn'tโ€™ is correct.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆœฌ้กŒใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ€Œhadn'tใ€ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:29
However, we need the past participle of the verb โ€˜beโ€™.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œbeใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
01:35
So the correct answer is,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆญฃ่งฃใฏ
01:36
โ€˜Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.โ€™
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ใ€Œใƒฌใ‚ธใƒผใฏใƒšใƒซใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใงใƒกใ‚ญใ‚ทใ‚ณใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:42
And finally, โ€˜Sally and Jan or they had do their job.โ€™
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใจใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใ ใ€‚ใ€
01:48
Hmm.
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ใตใƒผใ‚€ใ€‚
01:49
Remember, we need the past participle.
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:52
We don't say do.
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ใ‚„ใ‚Œใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:54
We say โ€˜doneโ€™.
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็งใŸใกใฏใ€ŒๅฎŒไบ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:56
โ€˜Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ตใƒชใƒผใจใ‚ธใƒฃใƒณใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:01
Let's move on.
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ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:02
In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises
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ใ“ใฎใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใงใฏใ€
้•ทใ•ใ‚’่กจใ™้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ
02:06
for the past perfect tense that describes how long.
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็ทด็ฟ’ๅ•้กŒใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ ใ€‚
02:10
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:13
โ€˜You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.โ€™
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ใ€Œ ๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‹ใพใง3ๆ™‚้–“
ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใงใƒœใƒผใƒƒใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใญ ใ€‚ใ€
02:19
Remember, we start with the subject and then โ€˜hadโ€™.
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ไธป่ชžใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใ“ใซใ€
02:23
So I'm going to add that here,
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02:25
then we need the past participle of the verb โ€˜beโ€™.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œbeใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒๅฟ…่ฆใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™
02:29
And that is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
02:32
โ€˜You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.โ€™
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
ๅธฐๅฎ…ใ™ใ‚‹ใพใง3ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚‚ ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใซใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™ใญ
02:38
The next sentence says,
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ใ€‚ใ€ ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€
02:39
โ€˜They blank for six hours before they took a break.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ 6 ๆ™‚้–“็ฉบ็™ฝใซใชใฃใŸใ€ใจ่ฟฐในใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:44
Again, no matter what the subject, we have โ€˜hadโ€™ and then the past participle.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไธป่ชžใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Œใ€
ใ€Œhadใ€ใจ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:50
So the answer is,
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ญ”ใˆใฏ
02:52
โ€˜They had studied for six hours before they took a break.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไผ‘ๆ†ฉใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ 6 ๆ™‚้–“ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ€ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:59
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฎ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:02
It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.
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ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ทใ„ใฎใงๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:06
โ€˜They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.โ€™
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
10ๅนด้–“ใŠไบ’ใ„ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
03:13
Can you find the mistake?
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้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:15
Well, we have the subject and โ€˜hadโ€™, but check this out.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ไธป้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฃใŸใ€ใงใ™
ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:19
There are two past participles here.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ๏ผ’ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:22
We need to get rid of one of them.
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ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
We can take out this verb and say, โ€˜They had known each other for ten years
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ใ“ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ–งๅ˜ฉใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ 10 ๅนด้–“ใŠไบ’ใ„ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
03:32
before they had their first fight.โ€™
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ใ€‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:35
The next sentence says, โ€˜I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.โ€™
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ๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€
ใ€Œ็งใฏ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใง
ไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:42
This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏไธ€่ฆ‹้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:46
But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say โ€˜hadโ€™.
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ใŸใ ใ—ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใฏ
ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:50
โ€˜I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.โ€™
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ใ€Œ ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใ‚’ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹ใพใงใ€ ็งใฏไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€
็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ๆฌกใธ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:58
Good job, everybody.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ไป•ไบ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:59
Let's move on.
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04:00
Great job, everyone.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€
04:02
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
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้ŽๅŽปๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ
็†่งฃใŒๆทฑใพใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
04:06
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
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ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
ใŒใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็ถšใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใ€
04:10
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
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ๅฟ…ใšไธŠ้”ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
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่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
ใŒใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใจๅŠชๅŠ›ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐๅฟ…ใšใƒžใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
I know you'll master it.
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04:18
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
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ใ”่ฆ–่ดใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ใพใŸๆฌกใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใŠไผšใ„ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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