Practice Past Perfect Tense | Basic English Grammar Course | Check Up

58,787 views ใƒป 2020-07-03

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, everybody.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
00:01
I'm Esther.
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์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
Now let's take a look at some practice exercises for the basic usage of the past perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:09
Take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:11
โ€˜I blank for six hours before I had a break.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
00:16
The verb here is โ€˜workโ€™.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์ผํ•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Remember, we need to say โ€˜I hadโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
No matter what the subject is, say โ€˜hadโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  'had'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:27
And then, you take the past participle of the verb.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
In this case, we would say โ€˜workedโ€™.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
โ€˜I had worked for six hours before I had a break.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
00:41
For the next sentence, I want you to try the negative form.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
โ€˜We blank TV before we listened to the radio.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์— TV๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
00:51
Remember, for the negative form, we say โ€˜had notโ€™
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๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'had not'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง
00:55
or we use the contraction, โ€˜hadn'tโ€™.
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ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 'hadn't'๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:59
โ€˜We hadnโ€™tโ€™.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
01:01
And then, we need the past participle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
โ€˜We hadn't watched TV before we listened to the radio.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” TV๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:12
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:17
โ€˜Reggie had it be to Mexico before he went to Peru.โ€™
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'๋ ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฃจ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณค ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
01:23
Well, we have the subject here and for the negative, โ€˜hadn'tโ€™ is correct.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
However, we need the past participle of the verb โ€˜beโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
So the correct answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€
01:36
โ€˜Reggie hadn't been to Mexico before he went to Peru.โ€™
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'๋ ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฃจ์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
01:42
And finally, โ€˜Sally and Jan or they had do their job.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, 'Sally์™€ Jan ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:48
Hmm.
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ํ .
01:49
Remember, we need the past participle.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:52
We don't say do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
We say โ€˜doneโ€™.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์™„๋ฃŒ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
โ€˜Sally and Jan had done their job before they watched TV.โ€™
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'Sally์™€ Jan์€ TV๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:01
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:02
In this checkup, we'll take a look at some practice exercises
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š”
๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ
02:06
for the past perfect tense that describes how long.
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์‹œ์ œ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:10
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
02:13
โ€˜You blank at the park for three hours before you came home.โ€™
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์ง‘์— ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์„ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
๊ณต์›์—์„œ ๋ฉํ•˜๋‹ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š” .'
02:19
Remember, we start with the subject and then โ€˜hadโ€™.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'had'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
So I'm going to add that here,
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02:25
then we need the past participle of the verb โ€˜beโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
And that is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋์–ด์š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋‹น์‹ ์€
02:32
โ€˜You had been at the park for three hours before you came home.โ€™
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์ง‘์— ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์„ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
๊ณต์›์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š” .'
02:38
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
02:39
โ€˜They blank for six hours before they took a break.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Again, no matter what the subject, we have โ€˜hadโ€™ and then the past participle.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡
์ด๋“  'had'์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
So the answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
02:52
โ€˜They had studied for six hours before they took a break.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:02
It's a little bit longer so it might take you a while.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ ค์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
โ€˜They had been known each other for ten years before they had their first fight.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒซ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „
10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:13
Can you find the mistake?
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.' ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:15
Well, we have the subject and โ€˜hadโ€™, but check this out.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ 'had'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:19
There are two past participles here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
We need to get rid of one of them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
We can take out this verb and say, โ€˜They had known each other for ten years
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋“ค์€
์ฒซ ์‹ธ์›€์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค
03:32
before they had their first fight.โ€™
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'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
The next sentence says, โ€˜I have played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '
๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๊ณจ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค '๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
This sentence doesn't look wrong at first.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
But remember, in the past perfect tense, we need to say โ€˜hadโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š”
'had'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
โ€˜I had played soccer for many years before I scored my first goal.โ€™
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' ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๊ณจ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .'
03:58
Good job, everybody.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:59
Let's move on.
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04:00
Great job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
04:02
Now you have a better understanding of the past perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:06
I know it can be a little difficult but keep studying,
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. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ
๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด
04:10
and keep practicing, and you will get better.
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๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:12
I know studying English is not easy but with time and effort,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
I know you'll master it.
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04:18
Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
, ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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