Prepositions of Place: AT, IN, BY, INTO, OUT OF - Common English Mistakes

286,684 views ・ 2018-01-30

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Hi everybody, and welcome back to EnglishClass101.com's Youtube channel.
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My name is Alisha, and today I'm going to talk about prepositions of location
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and movement.
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So let's get started!
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Okay, so the first preposition of location I want to talk about is “at.”
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We use “at” to talk about exact specific locations, so some examples of this are “at
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the supermarket,” “at the table,” “at her desk,” this means a person or an object
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is at that specific place.
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So, for example, I'm at work right now.
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I'm at the office.
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These are specific points where people or objects can be located, so please use “at”
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to talk about a specific location.
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Okay, so let's go on to the next preposition of location for now, “in.”
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We use “in” when we want to talk about enclosed locations, so locations which are
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surrounded or when we're surrounded by something else, something else is all around this, or
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we are enclosed within something.
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So some examples of this are “in the pool,” we are enclosed or surrounded by the pool.
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“In the closet,” completely enclosed by the closet.
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“In your bag,” your items are enclosed by your bag.
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And “in the water,” so when swimming in the ocean, for example, we say in the water;
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I'm in the water, for example.
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Now, I'm in the office, I'm in a room, I'm in my home city, for example.
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So these are different ways we can use the word “in” when we are enclosed or surrounded
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by something.
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Please also remember that “in” is used for countries and cities.
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I live in Bangkok, I live in Europe, for example.
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So please remember to use “in” for countries and cities as well as for locations that are
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enclosed or when you're surrounded by something else.
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Okay, so let's talk about the next preposition of location, the next preposition is “by.”
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We use “by” when we want to express something is near something else, near or close to something
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else.
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So, for example, by the park, or by the coffee shop, by your computer, by the table, these
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mean near something else.
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We don't know exactly is it maybe next to, in front of, behind, we don't know, but it
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means simply near something else.
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So, for example, I'm by the whiteboard right now, I'm by a chair, I'm by a table, these
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are ways we can use "by" to express near or close to.
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Okay, so the next preposition I want to talk about is a preposition of movement, actually,
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the next two are prepositions of movement.
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The first one is "into."
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So "into" is something we use to express movement from an open location to a more closed location.
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So, for example, into the bank, walk into the bank, or into the refrigerator, put food
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into the refrigerator, or into the suspects home, the police moved into the suspects home.
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In each case, "into" shows moving from an open location to a more closed location.
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So because "in" is here you can imagine we are moving to an enclosed location, we could
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say jump into the pool, for example, or go into the closet, put something into your bag,
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or go into the water.
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So in this way, we can kind of think of "in" and "to" being closely related, but "to" shows
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us the movement, the relationship that there's some movement happening there.
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Okay, so let's talk about the opposite then, of "into," which is "out of."
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So because we use "into" to talk about movement from a more open place to an enclosed space;
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"out of" is used to talk about movement from an enclosed space to a more open space.
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So, for example, out of the house, or out of the washing machine, taking clothes out
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of the washing machine; out of your purse, take something out of your purse.
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So moving yourself, moving a person, or moving an object from something that is enclosed
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to a space that is more open, we use "out of" in this case.
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Okay, so now we know about five new prepositions of location and movement, let's try some example
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sentences.
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Okay, the first one, she's sitting _____ the table.
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The table, so here we have the table, I talked earlier about this, at the table with "at,"
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yeah.
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However, we can use "by" the table as well.
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At the table and by the table have slightly different meanings, though both are correct.
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At the table means she is sitting in a chair directly in front of the table, she's sitting
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at the table.
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By the table, however, could mean she's next to the table or she's just near the table.
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"By" is a little bit less clear, "at" is very clear here.
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To be very clear, say she's sitting at the table; to be less clear, maybe she's somewhere
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near the table, used "by."
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Okay, so the next example sentence is our company's headquarters is _____ LA.
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LA meaning Los Angeles here, so we have a city name, yeah?
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A city name, Los Angeles, we know that we should use city names with "in," so the answer
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here is "in," in LA.
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Okay, the next one, he lives _____ the supermarket.
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So the supermarket is a place, and here we have the verb "lives," he lives, we know it's
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not "in," because people do not live in supermarkets, probably not "at," he lives at the supermarket
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also doesn't make any sense, people do not live at supermarkets.
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However, we can use "by."
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So he lives by the supermarket, to mean he lives near the supermarket.
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Okay, so next one, when we walked _____ the bank, it was raining.
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Okay, so here we have the verb "walked" and we have the bank, so there's a motion happening,
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yeah?
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Walking, and then the bank, the preposition we should use here is probably "into," though
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"out of" could also be possible.
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When we walked into the bank, it was raining.
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When we walked out of the bank, it was raining.
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Both sentences are okay, in this case, it just depends on the action you want to communicate.
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Okay, next one, I need to run _____ the supermarket for milk.
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Okay, so here, there's an objective "for milk," this person wants to buy milk, so they need
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to run _____ the supermarket.
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So let's use "into," moving from outside the supermarket to inside the supermarket, a more
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enclosed space, "into," into the supermarket.
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Okay, next one is I have to be _____ the office until 6pm.
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So here we have the specific location, the office.
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So "office" is an enclosed space, yes?
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Which means we can use "in," I have to be in the office until 6pm.
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But with work and office spaces, we can also use "at," it's an exact location.
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I have to be in the office, or I have to be at the office until 6pm, both are correct
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here.
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Okay, next, I forgot to take my phone _____ your bag.
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Okay, so take this take motion here is a really good hint, there's an action happening.
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So there's a very good chance we are moving something from an enclosed location to a more
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open location.
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So, I forgot to take my phone out of your bag, out of your bag is the correct answer
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here.
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Finally, I want to get _____ town.
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So town is, yes, it's a location, like, in my town or at my town; however, a big hint
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here is "get," we use "get" to reflect movement sometimes, and this phrase is a good one to
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remember, get out of town.
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Get out of town.
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So get out of town means leave town, go to a different place outside of town, so I want
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to get out of town is the correct answer here.
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Okay, so those are a few prepositions of location and movement.
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I hope that this was useful for you, if you have any questions, please be sure to leave
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them in a comment below this video.
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