How Can You Learn English Alone? Self-Study Plan! Ask Alisha

870,060 views ・ 2017-12-23

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The only thing I want for Christmas this year is to chill.
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Hi, everybody. Welcome back to Ask Alisha, the weekly series
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where you ask me questions and I answer them, maybe.
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Thanks very much, as always, for submitting your questions.
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Remember, you can submit your questions to me at EnglishClass101.com/ask -alisha.
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First question.
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First question comes from Carla.
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Hi, Carla.
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Carla asks, “How do native speakers use ‘to have.’
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‘I have seen,’ ‘I've,’ ‘I have got.’
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Formal and informal.”
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Sure.
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We use the verb “to have” for a lot of different meanings.
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There's a grammatical function for the verb “have” when we pair it with the past participle
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form of a verb like, “I have” plus a past participle, to make the present perfect tense.
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Or, “I had” plus past participle, to make the past perfect tense.
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So, there's that kind of grammatical function of the verb “have.”
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However, if you just want to use the verb “have” in everyday situations like, “I
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have a phone.”
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or, “I have a camera.”
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or, “I don't have any money.”
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for example, then, “to have,” in that case, just means to own something or to hold
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something, to be keeping something.
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So, please consider the sentence that you're looking at with the verb “have” in it.
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If it comes before a verb in the past participle, it's probably a past perfect or a present
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perfect expression.
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If you're seeing something after the verb “have” like an object in my examples,
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like, a phone or a camera or money, then it's probably referring to owning something or
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keeping something.
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So, those are probably two of the most common ways that you'll see the verb “have” and
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its variations in, at least, American English speech.
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Next question.
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The next person asks two questions.
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So, the next two questions are from Essa Warsiadi.
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I’m very sorry.
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Question one from Essa.
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“Can you explain ‘through,’ ‘thorough,’ ‘though,’ and, ‘thought?’
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They sound similar.”
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Yes, indeed, they do sound similar and they even look similar in writing, for sure.
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However, these words have different meanings and different functions in speech and in writing.
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Let's look at “through,” to begin with, though.
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“Through” means to pass into something and to come out the other side of something.
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So, for example, “to go through a tunnel,” or if you're looking at a document, for example,
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“to go through a document,” means to read through, read all of the content of the document
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from beginning to end.
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So, “through something,” is to begin at something and pass through all of the content
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to pass through everything and come out the other side or to complete something.
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So, if we also use the word “through,” to mean finished in American English like,
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“Are you through with dinner?” or, “I'm through with my homework.”
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So, “through,” those are a couple of different ways we use the word “through.”
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The second word, “thorough.”
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“Thorough.”
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So, different from “through.”
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“Thorough” means comprehensive, “thorough” means completely, “thorough” means well
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done.
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It has typically a positive meaning.
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So, for example, “She was very thorough in her explanation of the word ‘through.’”
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Or, “She was very thorough in her explanation of the word thorough.”
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Sorry.
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“She was very thorough in her presentation.”
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meaning she gave a lot of information in her presentation.
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“Thorough” means well done, containing a lot of knowledge, a lot of information in
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something.
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“Thorough.”
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So, “Please be thorough in completing your homework.” or, “He wasn't very thorough
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in cleaning his room.”
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So, “thorough,” means well done, completely done, finished, considering everything, considering
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all points of something, even the small details are considered thorough.
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So, we can use “thorough” for presentations, for activities that require small details,
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“a thorough safety check,” for example.
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So, these are actions that are done completely, fully, to the small details.
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So, that's “thorough.”
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Next word here is “though.”
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“Though,” you can think of “though” in the same way you think of the word “but.”
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So, it's used to contrast information.
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It's used to express a difference in something.
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So, you could follow someone's opinion with an expression like “though.”
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So, for example, “I think summer is the best season though winter is pretty fun too.”
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So, you can think of “though” in the same way as you think of “but.”
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“A though B.” So, you're presenting A, and then, a contrasting opinion B, and you're
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connecting those two ideas with “though” in the same way you would “but.”
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So, “though.”
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“Although” is similar.
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We use “although” and “though” and “but” in similar ways.
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What's the difference?
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“But” is much more casual and “but” is used much more in casual conversation,
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in everyday conversation.
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If you're writing a document, a formal document, or if you're making a formal statement, you
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could use “though” in place of “but.”
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So, “though” shows contrasting information.
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The last one on this list is “thought.”
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“Thought” is the past tense of “think” when used as a verb.
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So, “I thought you were coming today.”
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or, “I thought it was going to rain later.”
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or, “I thought this was such a great afternoon.”
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“Thought” is used as the past tense of think.
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We can also use “thought” to refer to an idea, as a noun.
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So, “I have a thought.”
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for example, or, “Do you have any thoughts about this project?”
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So, we can use “thought” as a verb, past tense of “think” or as a noun, to refer
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to an idea.
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So, again, that's “through,” “thorough,” “though” and, “thought.”
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Some of you might be wondering how do I remember which is which when I'm reading or when I'm
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listening.
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You have to pay attention to the grammar of the sentence.
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They all have different grammatical functions.
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You need to think about the grammar surrounding the word.
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On to question two from Essa.
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“What does ‘love to hate’ mean and when can I use it?”
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“Love to hate” means it's something that you really, really dislike but it's sort of
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enjoyable to dislike.
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So, for example, this is an expression we can apply to reality TV.
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Many people think reality TV is not very good entertainment or it's not very high-quality
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entertainment.
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However, it's really, really fun to watch.
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So, maybe, for example, you just hate a character on a reality TV show, but, somehow, you enjoy
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watching that TV show too.
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So, something that you feel very strong dislike for and yet, you really enjoy it at the same
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time.
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That's something you can “love to hate.”
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You “love to hate” that thing.
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Next question!
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Next question comes from Bowie Dente.
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I’m very sorry.
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Bowie Dente asks, “When can I use ‘ever’ in a present perfect sentence?
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Like, ‘I have ever.’”
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“Ever” means at any time or at all times.
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You can use “ever” when you're asking a question.
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Like, “Have you ever blah, blah, blah?”
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“Have you ever been to France?”
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“Have you ever eaten ramen?”
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“Have you ever taken a trip to the mountains?” for example.
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We can use “ever” when making questions, that's one.
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But, because “ever” means at all time or at any time, we may not use it to answer
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a question like that, “Have you ever blah, blah, blah?”
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We usually say, “Yes,” or “No,” in response to that.
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We can say, “I have never ever taken a trip to France.”
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or, “I have never ever forgotten my keys.” for example.
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“I have never ever blah, blah, blah.”
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But, in that case, it still means “never.”
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An expression like “never ever” just emphasizes the word “never.”
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So, to use “ever,” we need to pair “ever” with a verb in a sentence.
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We can't say, “I have ever.”
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Just “I have” plus a verb.
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We cannot say, “I have ever.”
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That's incorrect.
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“I have at any time or at all times.”
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It's redundant.
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It's not necessary.
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We can, however, use “ever” in a negative expression like, “I haven't ever been to
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France.”
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or, “She hasn't ever eaten cheese.” for example.
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So, we have to pair “ever” with a negative to make a response.
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We use “ever” for present perfect tense questions and paired with a negative “have”
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or “has” to make a response, to make a negative response.
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So, please keep those two in mind.
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Next question.
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Next question comes from Bajar.
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Hey, Bajar.
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Nice to see you again.
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Bajar’s question is, “What does ‘dash’ mean and when can we use it?”
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Okay, so the word “dash” as a verb means to run very quickly for a short period of
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time.
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For example, “I dashed to the station to catch my train.”
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or, “I dashed to the classroom for my test.”
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“He dashed off to the flower store to buy a bouquet for his mother.”
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for example.
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These are very, very short periods of time and very high speed.
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That's “to dash.”
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However, we can use “dash” as a noun in a way that does not refer to running.
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We can use it in writing, as well.
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Sometimes, we use the word “dash” to refer to these lines we see in writing.
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You might see hyphens, en-dashes and em-dashes.
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These all have different functions in writing.
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Hyphens may be used to connect words, en-dashes can be used to show periods of time and em-dashes
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can kind of show extra information in a sentence.
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We call all of these dashes.
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This is kind of the category that we assigned to each of these.
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So, there's the verb, “to dash,” and there's also “dash” as a noun which means all
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of these sorts of things.
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So, thanks for that question, Bajar.
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Next question.
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Next question comes from Ricardo Villaroel.
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Hey, Ricardo, welcome back.
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Ricardo's question is, “What's the difference between ‘several,’ ‘sundry,’ and,
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‘various.’”
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Okay, I'm not quite sure how “sundry” fits in here.
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“Several” means a few of something.
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Think of “several” as higher than “a couple” or “a few” but it's not quite
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many yet.
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So, maybe, as a good hint, the word several sounds a bit similar to “seven,” maybe
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it doesn't necessarily mean exactly seven of something but it's a bit higher than “a
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few” and it's not quite at the level of “many” or “a lot of.”
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The next word you asked about, “sundry.”
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“Sundry” is something we use for household items like every day small household items.
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We usually use that in the plural form, like shops which sell “sundries.”
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So, this is quite different from the words “several” and “various.”
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So, “sundry” is usually used in the plural form and it refers to everyday items in your house.
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The last word you asked about, “various.”
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We use “various” to describe a miscellany of things.
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We use it before a noun typically.
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For example, “various ideas” or, “various people” or, “various subjects,” “various
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topics.”
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So, “various” is used to describe many different types of something.
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“Several” refers to quantity, “various” is just used to indicate that there are different
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types or different kinds of the noun that follows it.
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So, as I said, “various ideas,” “various flavors,” “various people” meaning,
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different types of ideas, different types of people, different types of flavors.
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So, “several,” quantity, “various,” types.
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Next question!
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Next question comes from Arnett Jake Newglid.
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I’m very sorry.
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“How do we use ‘well’ before someone starts speaking and ‘though’ after they
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speak?”
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“Well” is kind of used as a soft way to begin speaking.
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“Well,” it kind of shows that you were listening to the other person.
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So, it shows you listened to the other person and you are responding to them.
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“Well, if that's the case,” it kind of has that nuance.
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“Well,” it sort of shows you were listening and you are going to respond based on that
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information.
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Remember, “though” is used to show contrast.
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So, if someone presents you with an idea or gives you an opinion and you want to show
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contrast to that formally, you can begin with “though.”
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So, if for example, you're in a formal situation, a business situation for example and someone
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says, “I think we should continue with the idea we proposed last summer for this project.”
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You might counter the opinion or you might oppose the opinion by beginning your statement
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with “though.”
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You could say, “Though, that's going to cost a lot of money to implement.”
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So, “though” shows contrast in a formal and polite way.
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Next question!
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Next question comes from Michael King.
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Hi, Michael.
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Michael asks, “I want to study at home, self-study.
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What should I do?”
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Ah, yeah, okay.
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I have self-studied and it can be tough to do but you have the internet, congratulations.
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So, what can you do?
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There are a lot of things.
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Number 1, define your goal.
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What is it you hope to achieve?
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What are you looking to do through your studies?
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Don't just say.
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I want to learn English.
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That's not a very specific goal.
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Give yourself a specific goal to achieve.
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Like, “I want to pass this level of a test,” or “I want to be able to do this thing in
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my life,” “I want to be able to give a business presentation in English.”
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Number 2, Look for resources that are going to help you achieve that goal.
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If you need to work on your speaking, you need to find ways to practice your speaking.
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If you're looking for something to help you with your reading or your writing, for example,
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look for tools that do that.
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If you want to read, look for blogs, look for websites that have the content in your
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target language that you want to know more about.
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Start reading things and trying to pick up the vocabulary through studying those things
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in your target language.
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There are tons of resources out there but you need to define your goal first and then
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start looking for the resources that match your goal.
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Three, may be the most difficult one for a lot of us is to practice every day.
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Find some way to make language practice part of your everyday routine.
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In my case, for example, I found that it was really helpful for me to take 15 minutes in
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the morning and 15 minutes in the evening during my commute on the subway to study vocabulary.
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That helped me improve little by little, day by day.
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It was a total of 30 minutes but it added up over time.
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And, through practicing every day, you'll find that the resources you're using will
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become easier to understand.
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Number 4, where possible, try to create an immersion environment.
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If you're not in a situation where you're actually living in the country or you can
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go to the country where they speak the language you're studying, try to create some kind of
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immersion environment for yourself where you can't escape into your native language.
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Just as much as possible, try to create some sort of immersion environment so that you
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get used to hearing those sounds and kind of the natural responses that people have
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to those sounds too.
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Number 5, I think one more really good tip for studying at home is asking questions.
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There are other people who are learning your language and other people who are trying to
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study.
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We see it a lot on this channel too and you guys are fantastic about helping your fellow
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classmates.
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When you have a question and you can't find the answer for it, ask someone.
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Don't let yourself get stuck.
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Also, think about the resources you already have.
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If it's a question about vocabulary, you can check a dictionary.
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If you want to deepen your vocabulary, you can check a thesaurus.
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If you have a specific question about how an expression is used, try asking a native
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speaker, try posting on a message board, try posting in the comments, try posting on our
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website, so if you have a question, reach out and ask.
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Chances are, if you have the question, it's going to help somebody else to ask the question
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and get the answer.
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If you have a question, ask.
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Good luck with your self-study.
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Next question!
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Next question is from Harley Paso.
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Hey, Harley, welcome back.
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“What does ‘uncountable’ mean?”
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This refers to a group of nouns that we do not count with numbers alone.
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So, for example, bread is uncountable.
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Instead, we use a counter word between the number and the uncountable nouns.
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So, in my “bread” example, we use “one loaf of bread,” “one slice of bread.”
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There are different words we use to count the individual pieces or the individual units
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of the uncountable noun.
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Uncountable nouns mean nouns which we cannot count with just a simple number before the
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noun, we need to use an additional counter word.
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Next question!
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Next question comes from Taylor.
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Hi, again.
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Taylor.
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“What's the difference between ‘look into my eyes’ and ‘look me in the eye?’”
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I would say that we use “look into my eyes” in more romantic situations.
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Or, you might hear this in like movies, maybe there's something magical that's happening
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and, I don't know, which is casting a spell and she says, “Look into my eyes.”
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“Look me in the eye” is typically used in a more aggressive situation.
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It's used as an expression like, “Look me in the eye and say that.”
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“Look me in the eye” tends to be a more aggressive statement.
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“Look into my eyes” sounds more romantic or mysterious.
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Next question from Yong Chi.
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Yong Hee?
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I'm sorry.
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“What's the difference between ‘I like to take naps.’ and, ‘I like to take a nap.’
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Or, ‘I like to go for walks.’ and, ‘I like to go for a walk.’”
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So, when you're speaking generally, especially in a sentence like “I like to,” you need
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to use the plural form of the noun.
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You can't use the singular form of the noun because you're talking generally about all
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cases of that noun or all cases of that action.
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You're talking about a regular activity you like to do, something you have done more than
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one time, something you are going to do repeatedly, presumably, into the future.
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So, you need to use the plural form.
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Next question!
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Next question is from Suha.
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“How do we write a good paragraph?”
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Ooh.
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Number 1, you need to think about the position of your paragraph in your overall document.
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Let's think about writing a document in terms of three parts: an introduction, a body and
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a conclusion.
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In the introduction section, you need to introduce the key information your reader needs to know
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what they're going to read about later in your documents.
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So, if your paragraph is in the introduction, you need to think about how to introduce your
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information there.
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Second, the body section of your document should be where you include your evidence,
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your supporting materials, your opinions, any references that you have.
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So, if your paragraph falls in the body of the document, you should have these themes
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in mind.
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If your paragraph is in the conclusion of your document at the end, you should be concluding
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or finishing your ideas.
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It's typically a good idea to summarize the ideas you presented in the body and the introduction
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of your document in the concluding section.
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Two, use transitions.
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When you're writing, it's good to transition from one sentence to another and to use good
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transitions between paragraphs themselves.
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So, some example transitions could be, “first,” “second,” “third,” or, “next,”
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“then,” “finally,” “after that,” “moreover,” “additionally,” “furthermore.”
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So, transitions help the reader connect the ideas that you're presenting in your writing.
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Three, avoid trying to include too much information in one sentence.
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Remember, you need to try to present your ideas as clearly and accurately as possible.
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So, if you find you're just writing and writing and writing and the sentence is becoming extremely
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long, take a moment and look at the goal of the sentence.
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What are you actually trying to communicate?
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If you need to, break it into smaller sentences and connect them with transitions.
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Next question!
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Next question comes from Juan Garcia.
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Hi Juan.
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Juan asks, “I would like to know how to use ‘down,’ ‘up,’ ‘off,’ ‘in,’
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‘on,’ and, ‘out’ after a verb and why it's necessary?”
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Oh, dear.
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Juan, this is a very big question.
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Your question is about phrasal verbs.
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These are all called phrasal verbs.
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Verb plus adverb or preposition.
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There are an enormous amount of phrasal verbs.
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I possibly talk about all of them in one video.
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Phrasal verbs are necessary because they are part of speech.
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They are simply a type of verb, they are a type of expression so you need to know them
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because they will help you to communicate effectively.
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So, if you want to know more about specific phrasal verbs, I would suggest checking a
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dictionary.
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Okay, thanks very much for submitting your questions again this week.
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Great questions, as always.
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Thank you so much.
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You guys make me think really hard.
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Remember, if you'd like to submit a question, please send them to me at EnglishClass101.com/ask-alisha.
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If you like the video, please make sure to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to us too
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if you haven't already.
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You can also check us out at EnglishClass101.com for some more resources like some of the things
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we talked about in this video.
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Alright, so thanks very much for watching this episode of Ask Alisha and I will see
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you again next time.
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Bye-bye.
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This is not a traditional Christmas outfit.
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I kind of look like a cleric from the movie “Equilibrium.”
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Have you guys seen that movie with Christian Bale and Sean Bean?
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You know that movie where they like don't have any feelings and they fight?
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This video is over. Bye!
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