PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE – Part 1 – Where to Use Simple Present – Basic English Grammar

Do you know where to use the present simple tense

and how to use it correctly?

In this lesson, I’m going to teach you the four main uses of this tense,

and how to avoid common mistakes that many people

make with it.

So let’s start.

Welcome to my series of lessons on the tenses.

Before we start, as always, if you have any questions

at all, just ask me in the comments section below,

and I will talk to you there.

OK, in this lesson, I will teach you the four main uses

of the present simple tense – that is, to talk about

habits and routines, permanent situations, facts

about the world, and finally, the very important –

talking about states with state verbs.

And there’s a quiz at the end to check your understanding.

Alright well first – what is the present simple tense?

Well, quite simply, it’s the most basic tense in English

and it’s the first tense that you will learn in any

English course that you take.

It’s very easy: you just take a subject and you add a verb.

A subject is a word like I – You – We – They – He

– She – It – or a name like Mike or Emma.

Let’s take ‘I’ for now.

And let’s add a verb – say ‘drink.’

Let’s complete this sentence so it sounds meaningful – “I

drink tea every morning.”

And there you have the present simple tense.

Now, what does that sentence mean?

Well, when I say “I drink tea every morning” you know that

I do the action regularly.

Now you see a timeline on the screen.

Let’s say this side is the past, over on that side is

the future, and in the middle is right now.

So you know that I drink tea on Sunday, Monday, Tuesday,

Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and so on.

You can see that it repeats.

So this is a habit.

And this sentence shows us the first use of the present

simple tense – that is to talk about habits and routines,

things that we do regularly or repeatedly.

Now it would be wrong to say “I’m drinking tea every

morning” – because this is a habit, and for habits you

must use the present simple tense.

Alright, here are some more examples: “Mike visits his

parents on weekends.”

Again, this is something that Mike does regularly – every weekend.

In our next example, “Emma usually has dinner at eight thirty.”

Meaning that it’s part of her routine to eat dinner at

eight thirty every day.

In both of these sentences, you should NOT use the continuous form – remember that.

OK, I want you to notice one other thing in these examples.

You can see how frequently or how often the action happens

– every day, on weekends etc.

When we talk about habits or routines, we normally use these kinds of

expressions.

The word ‘every’, for example, is very common – in phrases

like every morning, afternoon, every day, week, month etc.

I said “I drink tea every morning.”

Another example is “They go to Mexico on vacation every year.”

You can also use prepositions like ‘on’ or ‘in’.

As in “Mike visits his parents on weekends.”

or “Dennis goes fishing on Fridays.”

And then there are expressions like once a week, three times

a year etc.

For example, “We visit the dentist twice a year for

a checkup.”

Apart from these expressions, we also use what are called

‘frequency adverbs’.

If you remember, one of our examples was “Emma usually has dinner at eight thirty.”

The word ‘usually’ is a frequency adverb.

There are many others like this – if you do something all the time, that is

one hundred percent of the time, then you can use ‘always’.

For example, “Meena always walks to work.”

That means she never takes the bus or she never drives

to work.

But hey, there’s another frequency adverb there

– ‘never’.

And that means that something happens zero percent of the time.

It does not happen at all.

Then there are other adverbs in the middle – you see

that some of these are positive like ‘usually’ or ‘often’,

some are more neutral like ‘sometimes’ – when I say

“Alejandro sometimes plays video games.”

It’s like 50-50.

And then there are frequency adverbs that are

negative like ‘rarely ’ – “I rarely watch TV” for instance

– meaning I watch very, very little TV.

So remember these frequency expressions and adverbs,

and also remember: when we talk about habits or routines,

we don’t use continuous or –ing forms.

Alright, now let’s talk about the next use of the present

simple tense.

The second use of the present simple is to talk about

permanent situations.

What do I mean by that?

Well, I have a brother and “My brother lives in Arizona.”

When I say that he lives in Arizona, is that a vacation?

No.

Is that temporary – just for a week for so?

No.

It means that my brother lives there permanently.

You can see this on the timeline.

Maybe he started living there at some point in the past but

it’s his home now.

So here, we’re talking about something that is not going to change – so we say

that it’s permanent.

A common mistake is to say “My brother is living in Arizona.”

If you use an –ing or continuous form, then that makes the situation

temporary.

For example, I could say, “My brother is living with me for a few

months.”

When you hear that, it sounds like it’s not permanent.

It’s temporary.

But when you want to talk about a permanent situation, remember to always use

the present simple and NOT the continuous tense.

Here’s another example: “Olga speaks Spanish.”

Obviously, this is not going to change – Olga is not going to forget Spanish, so again,

this is a permanent situation.

And talking about myself, I can say, “I work as a teacher.”

It’s wrong to say “I’m working as a teacher.”

– if I say that, then it means my job is temporary,

maybe just for a couple or months or so.

But my job is a long term job, so I use the present simple tense.

OK, let’s now move on to the third use of the

present simple, and that is talking about facts.

What are facts?

Well, facts are truths – that is, they are statements about the world

that are true.

For example, “The capital of Canada is Ottawa.”

Yes, it’s pronounced Ottawa – au-ta-wa.

This is a fact about the world.

Here are some more examples: “Water boils at a hundred degrees Celsius.”

“Birds fly.”

“Two plus two equals four.”

These are all true statements – remember, when we spoke about permanent situations like

“My brother lives in Arizona” I said those situations

are not going to change.

Well, these sentences on the screen are also permanent situations

(in fact, these are really permanent situations because they have always been true and

they’re never going to change).

The only difference is that these are not personal

situations – they talk about the world.

With these as well, we don’t use continuous forms –

only the present simple tense.

Alright, let’s now turn to the last topic in our lesson –

that is, talking about states using state verbs.

In the beginning I said that this use of the present simple is very important.

It’s very important because this is an area where learners of

English make a lot of mistakes.

But what are states?

Well, take this example – “I want ice cream.”

Unfortunately, there isn’t any ice cream in my studio, but the important

point is that I cannot say “I am wanting ice cream.”

But why is that?

Now if you remember, I said “I drink tea every morning.”

That’s a habit.

But… if I had tea now, I could say “I’m drinking tea.” because it’s happening

now.

In the same way, “I want ice cream now.”

– it’s not a habit, it’s not a permanent

situation – it’s right now, but still I cannot say

“I’m wanting ice cream.”

“I’m drinking tea” is OK, but “I’m wanting ice cream”

is not.

Well, to understand why that is, you need to

know the difference between activities and states.

An activity is something that we do physically –

it’s an action.

The verb ‘drink’ is a real physical action –

it starts when I start drinking, it happens continuously

(I keep drinking and drinking the tea) and then

it finishes.

With this type of verb, you can use both simple and continuous forms.

But the verb ‘want’ is not like that.

You don’t start and finish wanting.

And you cannot do it continuously because it’s

not an action – so we say that it’s a state.

We don’t normally use state verbs in –ing forms –

we use them in the present simple tense.

We just saw that the verb ‘want’ is a state verb –

in the same way, other verbs that express wants and likes are also state verbs.

You might say, for example, “Susan loves to sing.” or

“I hate crowded places.”

Since these verbs are state verbs, it’s very important to remember

that we don’t use –ing forms with these.

Verbs of thought and opinion are state verbs as well –

you can think of these as ‘mental verbs’ – verbs that

express the state of the mind.

For example, “Do you remember me?”

or “I think Ben is really smart.”

Similarly, we have verbs of the senses – see, hear, smell, taste etc.

For example, “Your perfume smells really nice.”

or “This pizza tastes awful.”

Then we have appearance verbs.

As in these sentences: “That house seems to be empty.”

and “Naomi looks really beautiful in that dress.”

Verbs of possession or relation are also state verbs.

And this is an area where mistakes are very common.

For example, “I have two children.”

The present simple tense should be used here because

this shows the relationship between me and my children.

So I cannot say “I’m having two children.”

– it’s a common mistake.

Another example is “The Mitchells (that means the Mitchell

family) have a swimming pool at home.”

Remember: don’t say “are having”.

Alright, and finally, there are many other state verbs –

you see some of the common ones on the screen now.

It’s a good idea for you to memorize as many state verbs

as you can, so that you don’t make mistakes with them.

Now, a quick note: sometimes, you will see state verbs

used in –ing forms.

For example, McDonalds uses “I’m lovin’ it” as their slogan.

This usage is informal, and in most situations, when you see a state

verb in –ing form, it is informal use.

In a different lesson, I will teach you where you can use continuous

forms of state verbs correctly, but for now, as

a general rule, just remember – always use state verbs in

the present simple tense.

OK, let’s now do a quick recap of what we learned in

this lesson.

In this lesson, we learned four uses of the present simple:

the first is to talk about habits and routines –

we looked at some common frequency expressions (like every morning, on Fridays etc.) and

adverbs (like always, sometimes, never and so on).

Then, we talked about permanent situations –

that is, situations that don’t change.

Then we turned to talking about facts – that is,

statements about the world that are true.

And finally, we discussed states with state verbs.

Remember that state verbs are verbs which are not actions.

They don’t happen continuously and they don’t finish.

With these, we normally don’t use –ing forms.

Alright, if you’re ready, it’s now time for a test

to see if you can use the present simple tense correctly.

On the screen, there are ten sentences.

Some of them are correct and some are wrong.

For each sentence, I want you say if it is correct or not.

If a sentence is wrong, change it to the correct form.

The four uses of the present simple are listed on the screen,

so you can look at them and decide your answers.

Pause the video now if you want, think about your answers,

then play the video again and check.

Alright let’s look the answers.

Number one is wrong – it should be “I have two brothers” because

this is a state – the verb ‘have’ shows relation here.

That’s why we use the present simple.

Number two is correct.

It’s a permanent situation.

So no –ing form.

Number three is wrong – it should be “I always get up at 7.”

Because this sentence talks about a routine – it’s my habit

to get up at 7.

Number four is also wrong.

But here, using the present simple tense is the mistake.

It should be “We’re reading.”

You should not use the present simple here because this is not

a habit, it’s not permanent situation, it’s not

a fact about the world, and it’s not a state – it’s

an action – reading – and it’s happening now.

That’s why we use the continuous tense.

Number five is correct . That’s because this is a

temporary situation, not a permanent situation.

See the difference between this sentence and number

two – “Tanya works as a nurse.”

Sentence number two expresses a situation which is not going to

change – it’s permanent.

But in number five, we’re saying that Jason is working on an important report today,

so that means it is temporary – it’s just today.

For that reason, we use the continuous form.

Number six is wrong – “I don’t understand” is the

correct form.

Because ‘understand’ is a state verb.

It’s a verb that express a mental state.

Number seven is wrong as well – it should be

“Do you think it’s raining outside?”

Because this question is about something happening now, at this moment.

So the present simple tense should not be used here.

Number eight is correct.

It talks about habit or routine.

Number nine is wrong – “My grandparents live in India” is the

right answer.

Because this is a permanent situation.

And finally, number ten is also wrong – it should be

“The word huge means very big.”

Because this is a fact.

So you cannot use the continuous form here –

you need to use the present simple.

OK, how many of these did you get right?

Let me know in the comments section below.

Subscribe to this channel by clicking the subscribe button.

I hope you enjoyed this lesson and I will see you in next lesson.