American vs. British English: Use of the Present Perfect 🌎 Grammar with Jennifer and Vicki

17,405 views ・ 2018-08-09

English with Jennifer


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:04
Hi everyone. It's Jennifer here with a very special grammar lesson.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„. μ œλ‹ˆνΌκ°€ μ•„μ£Ό νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 문법 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
Many of you have asked me about the differences between American and British English. In this lesson,
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λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 μ €μ—κ²Œ 미ꡭ식 μ˜μ–΄μ™€ μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ˜ 차이점에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 λ‹¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ”
00:16
I'd like to help you understand one of those differences with verb tenses. But I can't do this alone.
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동사 μ‹œμ œμ˜ 차이점 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움을 λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‚˜λŠ” 이것을 혼자 ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€.
00:24
I'll have help from my friend Vicki of Simple English Videos.
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Simple English Videos의 친ꡬ Vickiμ—κ²Œ 도움을 λ°›μ„κ²Œμš”.
00:29
Vicki is British and her husband Jay is American.
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VickiλŠ” 영ꡭ인이고 λ‚¨νŽΈ JayλŠ” λ―Έκ΅­μΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
Together we'll help you understand the differences in our use of the present. perfect. Are you ready?
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ν•¨κ»˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ 차이점을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ„μšΈ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™„λ²½ν•œ. μ€€λΉ„ λ˜μ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
00:40
The first thing to know is British and American English speakers both use the present perfect in very similar ways.
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κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•  것은 μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ™€ 미ꡭ식 μ˜μ–΄ μ‚¬μš©μž λͺ¨λ‘ 맀우 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
Americans just use it a little less often.
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미ꡭ인듀은 그것을 쑰금 덜 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
In this video, we're going to look at some situations where this frequency difference is most noticeable.
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이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€μ—μ„œλŠ” 이 주파수 차이가 κ°€μž₯ λˆˆμ— λ„λŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 상황을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
I've lost $20. Oh, that's funny. I've just found $20. Well, then it's mine
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20λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였, κ·Έκ±° 웃기닀. 방금 20λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼 λ‚΄κΊΌμ•Ό
01:10
What was the serial number?
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μΌλ ¨λ²ˆν˜Έκ°€ λ­μ˜€μ§€?
01:14
In American and British English, we often use the present perfect to talk about past actions that have relevance in the present.
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미ꡭ식 μ˜μ–΄μ™€ μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ™€ 관련이 μžˆλŠ” κ³Όκ±° 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
So there's an important connection between the past and the present.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 과거와 ν˜„μž¬ μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 연관성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
I've lost $20.
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20λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
I found $20.
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20λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
These past actions have effects in the present. That's why Jay and Vicki both used the present perfect here.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 과거의 행동은 ν˜„μž¬μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것이 Jay와 Vickiκ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
Sometimes past actions are very important in the present because they happened very recently.
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λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 과거의 행동은 맀우 μ΅œκ·Όμ— 일어났기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν˜„μž¬μ— 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
Okay then. Bye.
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κ·ΈλŸΌμš”. μ•ˆλ…•.
01:55
Oh...
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였...
01:57
Your mother's just called. Well, what did she want? She says you never call her.
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μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œ 방금 μ „ν™”λ₯Ό ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κΈ€μŽ„, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 무엇을 μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 당신이 κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ μ ˆλŒ€ μ „ν™”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
"Just" indicates that Jay's mother called very recently.
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"Just"λŠ” Jay의 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ μ•„μ£Ό μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ „ν™”ν–ˆμŒμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
We can use "just" with the present perfect in American and British English.
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미ꡭ식 μ˜μ–΄μ™€ μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ™„λ£Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ "just"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
But there's another possibility.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Hello. Hi Jay. Did you just call me?
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”. μ•ˆλ…• 제이. 방금 λ‚˜ν•œν…Œ μ „ν™”ν–ˆμ–΄?
02:27
Sorry. I just sat on my phone and it dialed your number. Not to worry. Bye. Bye-bye.
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μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ” 방금 λ‚΄ 전화에 앉아 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 번호둜 μ „ν™”λ₯Ό κ±Έμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ±±μ • λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. μ•ˆλ…•. μ•ˆλ…•.
02:35
In American and British English, we can also use "just"
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미ꡭ식 μ˜μ–΄μ™€ μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:40
with the simple past to talk about recent events.
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졜근 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹¨μˆœ 과거와 ν•¨κ»˜ "just"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
So what's the difference about the way American and British people use "just"?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό 영ꡭ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ "just"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μ˜ 차이점은 λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:50
When we're giving news in British English, we generally use the present perfect.
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μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ λ‰΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ „ν•  λ•Œ 일반적으둜 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
Oh, your mother's just called. Well, what did you want
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였, μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ 방금 μ „ν™”ν–ˆμ–΄. κΈ€μŽ„, 뭘 μ›ν–ˆλ‹ˆ?
03:03
When we're giving news in American English, we often use the simple past.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ―Έκ΅­ μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ λ‰΄μŠ€λ₯Ό μ „ν•  λ•Œ, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Your sister just called. Oh really? What did she want
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λ„€ 여동생이 방금 μ „ν™”ν–ˆμ–΄. 였, μ§„μ§œ? κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 무엇을 μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ
03:16
So both these sentences are possible in both varieties.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 두 λ¬Έμž₯은 두 가지 μœ ν˜• λͺ¨λ‘μ—μ„œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
It's just that we use the present perfect more frequently in British English.
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영ꡭ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό 더 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
32, 90...
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32, 90...
03:31
16, 51...
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16, 51...
03:34
11...and the bonus ball
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11... 그리고 λ³΄λ„ˆμŠ€ λ³Ό
03:38
48.
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48. 방금 λ³΅κΆŒμ—
03:40
Just won the lottery!
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λ‹Ήμ²¨λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”!
03:41
Really? Yeah. Oh!
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정말? 응. 였!
03:44
I think that's my ticket.
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그게 λ‚΄ 티켓인 것 κ°™μ•„.
03:47
I've just won the lottery.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 방금 λ³΅κΆŒμ— λ‹Ήμ²¨λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
Okay, so that's how we use "just." Let's look at how we use the present perfect with "yet" and "already."
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 그게 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ "κ·Έλƒ₯"을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "아직"κ³Ό "이미"와 ν•¨κ»˜ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Oh hi. Have you eaten yet? Oh, yes. I've already eaten. Okay. I'll make something for myself.
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였 μ•ˆλ…•. 아직 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμ–΄? λ°”λ‘œ 이거 μ•Ό. λ‚˜λŠ” 이미 λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”. λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚˜ μžμ‹ μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 무언가λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 것이닀.
04:10
The words "yet" and "already"
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"아직"κ³Ό "이미"λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
04:13
indicate a time up to now or until now.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ˜λŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
That relation to the present time means we commonly use them with the present perfect.
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ν˜„μž¬ μ‹œκ°„κ³Όμ˜ κ΄€κ³„λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 일반적으둜 ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
That's true in both British and American English.
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μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ™€ 미ꡭ식 μ˜μ–΄ λͺ¨λ‘ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
In American English, especially spoken English, you'll often hear us use these words with the simple past too.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ˜μ–΄, 특히 ꡬ어체 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 단어λ₯Ό λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°ν˜•κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 자주 λ“£κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
I'm going outside to practice soccer.
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λ‚˜λŠ” 좕ꡬ μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•˜λŸ¬ 밖에 λ‚˜κ°ˆ κ±°μ•Ό. μž μ‹œ 기닀리
04:42
Wait a sec. Did you do your homework yet? Yeah, I already did it. Okay.
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μ„Έμš”. λ„ˆ 아직 μˆ™μ œ μ•ˆν–ˆμ–΄? λ„€, 이미 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”. μ’‹μ•„μš”.
04:50
In British English these sentences will be unusual.
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μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμž₯이 μΌλ°˜μ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:55
With "yet" and "already" we usually use the present perfect, not the simple past.
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"아직"κ³Ό "이미"와 ν•¨κ»˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 보톡 λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
So when do Americans use the present perfect and when do they use the simple past?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 미ꡭ인듀은 μ–Έμ œ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μ–Έμ œ λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:09
In written English and when we're speaking carefully, we often use the present perfect with "yet" and "already."
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문어체 μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 그리고 μ‹ μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ 말할 λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… "아직"κ³Ό "이미"와 ν•¨κ»˜ ν˜„μž¬ μ™„λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
But when we're speaking informally we often use the simple past.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ 말할 λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ’…μ’… λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
"Did you do it yet?" Sounds a little more informal than "Have you done it yet?"
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"아직 μ•ˆ ν–ˆμ–΄?" "Have you done it yet?"보닀 쑰금 더 λΉ„κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λ“€λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
Especially if we use the less careful pronunciation "didja/didju do it yet?" And
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특히 "didja/didju do it yet?"μ΄λΌλŠ” 덜 μ‘°μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ λ°œμŒμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” λ”μš± κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고
05:34
There's something else.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
My theory is "did you do it yet?"
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λ‚΄ 이둠은 "아직 ν–ˆμ–΄?"
05:40
can sound just a little more urgent in American English than "have you done it yet?"
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œλŠ” "Have you done it yet?"보닀 쑰금 더 κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•˜κ²Œ 듀릴 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:47
I agree with that, Vicki. Let's share one more example.
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λ™μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, λΉ„ν‚€. 예λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ 더 κ³΅μœ ν•΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
Did you do it yet?
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아직 μ•ˆ ν–ˆμ–΄?
05:53
What? You know.
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무엇? μ•Œμž–μ•„.
05:56
What? Oh.
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무엇? 였.
05:58
I forgot!
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λ‚˜λŠ” μžŠμ—ˆλ‹€!
06:00
You didn't pay the electric bill!
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μ „κΈ°μ„Έλ₯Ό 내지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€!
06:03
Sorry.
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μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
Well, that's all for now. I hope you found this lesson useful.
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음, 아직은 그게 λ‹€μ•Ό. 이 κ°•μ˜κ°€ 도움이 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
Please feel free to share this video with other learners who are curious about American versus British English.
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미ꡭ식 μ˜μ–΄μ™€ μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κΆκΈˆν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€κ³Ό 이 μ˜μƒμ„ 자유둭게 κ³΅μœ ν•΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
06:16
And remember to subscribe to our channels English with Jennifer and Simple English videos.
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그리고 μ œλ‹ˆνΌκ°€ μžˆλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ 채널과 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ˜μ–΄ λ™μ˜μƒμ„ κ΅¬λ…ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
06:23
Always thanks for watching and happy studies!
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항상 μ‹œμ²­ν•΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  ν–‰λ³΅ν•œ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜μ„Έμš”!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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