Subject-Verb Agreement: Test your knowledge of English Grammar!

23,107 views ใƒป 2018-10-19

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:51
Hello everyone. It's Jennifer. I'd like to ask you a question. Do you have a favorite season?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์•ผ. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:59
Truthfully, I love every season. New England is a great place for me to live because I can enjoy all four seasons.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ๋งค ์‹œ์ฆŒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Each season has something special to offer.
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๊ณ„์ ˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
There are beautiful snowfalls in the winter. There are flowers in the spring.
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๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ด„์—๋Š” ๊ฝƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
There are picnics in the summer, and there's the start of the hockey season in the fall.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ํ”ผํฌ๋‹‰์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„์—๋Š” ํ•˜ํ‚ค ์‹œ์ฆŒ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
One of my favorite times of the year is when the leaves change color. They turn red, orange, yellow...
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์ผ๋…„ ์ค‘ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นจ๊ฐ•, ์ฃผํ™ฉ, ๋…ธ๋ž‘...
01:35
We call it fall foliage or "FOH-lee-ij" as some say.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จํ’ ๋˜๋Š” "FOH-lee-ij"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
What you absolutely must see if you visit New England is the fall foliage. The colors are amazing.
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๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๊ผญ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จํ’์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ด ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
I really do like the fall. The cooler weather makes me feel productive.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ์„ ํ•œ ๋‚ ์”จ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Maybe that's why I'm in the mood to study grammar right now.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
02:09
How about if you take a quiz with me? See if you can answer ten questions
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ 10๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
02:15
about subject verb agreement.
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.
02:18
You can tell me your score at the end of the lesson. Okay?
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์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
02:31
Subject-verb agreement means that the subject and the verb agree in number.
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์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
A singular subject takes a singular verb. A plural subject takes a plural verb.
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
That's why I said: I love/New England is/ Each season has/
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I love/New England is/ Each season has/
02:55
The colors are...
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The colors is...
02:59
But subject verb agreement isn't always so simple and clear, at least not at first.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
So let's start our quiz and see how well you handle tricky grammar.
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:14
Do you know why I like the fall?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ฐ€์„์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
03:45
Sentences with There is/ There are put the subject after the verb. We're stating what exists.
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There is/ There๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
There are at least three reasons.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
There's the fall foliage.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋‹ค ๋‹จํ’.
04:02
Uncountable nouns like "foliage" take a singular verb.
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"foliage"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
If we have a list of items,
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ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:12
many American English speakers will use a singular verb if the first noun is singular.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
This pattern is all about proximity it has to do with what kind of noun is closest to the verb.
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์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
This pattern is especially common in spoken English with the contraction "there's."
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์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ "there's"๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
There's the fall foliage, the start of the hockey season, and the day we turn our clocks back one hour.
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๋‹จํ’, ํ•˜ํ‚ค ์‹œ์ฆŒ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘, ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
You'll see similar patterns with Here.
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Here์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ
05:01
You might also hear:
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๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Our house can get chilly in the fall and winter.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์€ ๊ฐ€์„๊ณผ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์Œ€์Œ€ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
With the structures Neither...nor and Either...or we also have to consider proximity.
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Neither...nor ๋ฐ Both...or ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
If you have two singular nouns, use a singular verb. If you have two plural nouns use a plural verb.
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
But if you have a mix meaning, if you have a singular noun and a plural noun in the subject,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ์šฉ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
05:56
the verb agrees with the noun that is closest to it.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
06:14
You can tell what season it is if you look around our house.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋Š ๊ณ„์ ˆ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Sometimes proximity is a problem. The subject and the verb can be far from each other, so it can get confusing.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทผ์ ‘์„ฑ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด ํ—ท๊ฐˆ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Just remember that any phrase or clause that comes between the subject and the verb doesn't change subject-verb agreement.
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:03
It may be helpful to see it like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Here's another example.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
So, you know that I like the weather in New England, but it's probably not fair to say that one climate is better than another
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋‚ ์”จ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
08:03
Pronouns can be tricky. It's easy to remember subject-verb agreement with subject pronouns.
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๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
But what about indefinite pronouns?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:20
Pronouns ending with -body or -one are singular.
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-body ๋˜๋Š” -one์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
That includes...
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”...
08:39
But the funny thing is that in conversation we often use plural reference words because it's easier and more concise.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฐธ์กฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
In more formal English, we would probably say:
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
Quantifying pronouns can be singular or plural. You have to consider the whole context.
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์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
So be careful with pronouns like a lot, some, and none.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ lot, some, none๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:36
Hockey is a good sport for a cold climate
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ํ•˜ํ‚ค๋Š” ์ถ”์šด ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์ข‹์€ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
The conjunction AND is easy to understand. It can join two or more nouns together to form a compound subject.
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ AND๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Compound subjects are plural.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
Conjunction OR is different. Here are the usual patterns.
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ OR์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
How are you doing so far? How many questions have you answered correctly?
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์„ธ์š”? ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋งžํžŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:57
Keep track of your score. Okay? Let's go on to the next question.
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์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Actually, I didn't start watching hockey until my son started playing the sport several years ago
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „ ์ œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ํ•˜ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
The conjunction AND helps us form a compound subject, but sometimes
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์ ‘์†์‚ฌ AND๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
11:36
the notion or the idea of the subject is more important than the grammatical structure.
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์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
In other words, we can consider a compound subject singular
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์ฆ‰,
11:50
if we perceive the subject as one activity, one situation, one thing...
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
It's like saying egg and sausage on a biscuit is really yummy.
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๋น„์Šคํ‚ท์— ๊ณ„๋ž€๊ณผ ์†Œ์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
I consider egg and sausage on a biscuit as one thing -- one thing I eat sometimes.
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์ €๋Š” ๋น„์Šคํ‚ท์— ๊ณ„๋ž€๊ณผ ์†Œ์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋” ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
So as a family we sit, we watch, and we cheer for the Pittsburgh Penguins. It's one activity.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•‰์•„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ์‘์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
This is something we do as a family.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
Have you ever watched a hockey game?
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ํ•˜ํ‚ค ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:00
Gerund subjects are singular. They refer to one activity.
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
We saw an exception in Question 6, but now in Question 7
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ 6์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 7์—์„œ
13:12
we have a compound subject and the two activities are distinct. They're separate.
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‘ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
You can watch and cheer at the same time, but you can't really watch and play at the same time.
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์‹œ์ฒญ๊ณผ ์‘์›์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
You can't be a spectator and a player at the same game.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ๊ด€์ค‘๊ณผ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
So watching hockey and playing hockey are two of my son's favorite activities.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•˜ํ‚ค ๊ด€๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•˜ํ‚ค ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™œ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
He watches professional hockey games on TV, and he plays on a local team.
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๊ทธ๋Š” TV๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ ํ•˜ํ‚ค ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ ํŒ€์—์„œ ๋›ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
Infinitives as subjects follow the same pattern.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
Do you like sports with physical contact?
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์‹ ์ฒด ์ ‘์ด‰์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:53
Okay, there's a lot going on in this example. First, let's talk about embedded questions.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ์ œ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
They're a type of noun clause, and we can use them as a subject. To learn more about embedded questions,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
15:07
see the link in the video description to an older lesson.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ์„ค๋ช…์˜ ์ด์ „ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
15:13
As I said, embedded questions are a type of noun clause.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
They start with a question word and then they follow statement word order:
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์–ด์ˆœ(
15:23
subject + verb.
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์ฃผ์–ด + ๋™์‚ฌ)์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
These noun clauses can be a subject of a sentence. As a subject, they're usually singular.
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์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
But sometimes the verb can be plural. Look at these examples.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
16:29
This pattern is similar to simple questions with WHAT.
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์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ WHAT๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
Finally, remember that "a number of" is a quantifying phrase with the meaning "several."
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, "a number of"๋Š” "several"์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ํ™” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:50
"The number of" is a phrase we use to refer to a specific number.
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"~์˜ ์ˆ˜"๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
That player has had a number of head injuries. Has had several head injuries.
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๊ทธ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
The number of players who have suffered concussions has increased. The number has increased.
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๋‡Œ์ง„ํƒ•์„ ๋‹นํ•œ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
So look again at my example for Question 8.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 8์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
17:45
When you understand the game more you can appreciate the skill of each player
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
Remember earlier I mentioned the notion or idea of a subject.
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์•ž์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:20
If we perceive the subject to be one thing, one amount, or one unit,
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์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€, ํ•œ ์–‘ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉด
18:26
we use a singular subject.
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๋‹จ์ผ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
When I talk about 30 saves by a goalie, I'm not talking about
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๊ณจํ‚คํผ์˜ 30์„ธ์ด๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
18:37
individual actions. I'm talking about one whole performance in a game.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
So plural subjects with numbers can take a singular verb if we perceive the subject to be one unit...
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:57
one whole.
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.
19:00
We do this with simple math equations as well.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:12
Let me tell you about the U.S.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:02
Some nouns may look plural because they end in -s, but if we consider it to be one unit,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” -s๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์„œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด
20:08
It takes a singular verb.
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:12
Countries that end in -s are a good example.
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-s๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:16
The United States, the Bahamas.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ.
20:20
Each one is a country. Each one is a nation.
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๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:27
It's the same thing for titles of movies, TV shows, or other artistic works.
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์˜ํ™”, TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:45
Subjects of study may also end in -s, but they're one subject of study. So they take a singular verb.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” -s๋กœ ๋๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:59
Politics often divides a family, but sports can unite them again.
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์ •์น˜๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“์ง€๋งŒ ์Šคํฌ์ธ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:08
Of course, there are exceptions, but a lot of it has to do with how we perceive a subject.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:14
I said, "Politics divides a family sometimes."
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์ €๋Š” "์ •์น˜๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:19
Politics divides... This subject divides them. So here "politics" is singular.
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์ •์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์—ดํ•œ๋‹ค... ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "์ •์น˜"๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:26
Another example can use "politics" as a plural subject.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "politics"๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:43
On the other hand, just because a noun doesn't look plural doesn't mean it's singular and takes a singular verb.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:52
Remember that we have a lot of irregular plural nouns.
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
22:02
These plural nouns take plural verbs.
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์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:07
A final group of nouns that can cause confusion with subject verb agreement is
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์™€ ํ˜ผ๋™์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€
22:13
collective nouns, nouns that refer to a group.
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๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:18
I'll put a link to one of my older lessons on this topic in the video description.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ์„ค๋ช…์— ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ „ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:25
Just know that in American English collective nouns like "family" and "team" are usually singular.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ "๊ฐ€์กฑ"๊ณผ "ํŒ€"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:34
The noun refers to a group, but we perceive that group as one unit.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:42
Look again at my example for Question 10.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 10์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
23:07
So, how did you do in the quiz?
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. ํ€ด์ฆˆ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:10
You can give yourself a half point if you got half of a question correct. Okay?
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งžํžŒ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ 0.5์ ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
23:15
Don't worry about your score, though. The important thing is that you understood all the correct answers.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:24
To review the patterns we studied, go to the video description. I'll copy and paste the transcript of my opening talk.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ๊ฐœํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ™์—ฌ๋„ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:32
I want you to complete that transcript with the correct verb forms.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ณธ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:37
You can correct your work by listening again. Okay?
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
23:43
Well, that's all for now. Please remember to like this video.
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์Œ, ์•„์ง์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ. ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
23:47
I'll see you again soon for another lesson. As always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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๊ณง ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
23:56
Become a member of my learning community. Click the JOIN button to become a member of my YouTube channel English with Jennifer.
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๋‚ด ํ•™์Šต ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. JOIN ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์˜์–ด ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ํšŒ์›์ด ๋˜์„ธ์š”.
24:04
You'll get a special badge,
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ํŠน๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ง€,
24:05
bonus posts,
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๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ,
24:07
on-screen credit, and a monthly live stream. Note that YouTube channel memberships are not available in every country at this time.
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์˜จ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ํฌ๋ ˆ๋”ง ๋ฐ ์›”๊ฐ„ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” YouTube ์ฑ„๋„ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„์‹ญ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:17
Join me on my YouTube community tab for helpful posts each week.
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๋งค์ฃผ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด YouTube ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ํƒญ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
24:23
If you haven't already, please subscribe to my channel. That way you'll get notification of every new video I upload to YouTube.
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์•„์ง ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ YouTube์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒˆ ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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