90 MINUTE ENGLISH LESSON - Learn English Through Stories And Improve Your Fluency

Welcome to JForrest English training. I'm Jennifer  and today you're going to learn English through  

stories. We're going to review four different news  articles. And through this review, you're going  

to learn a lot of advanced vocabulary, advanced  grammar, and even the correct pronunciation. Let's  

get started. Welcome to our article today we're  talking about Rihanna. And we're talking about  

her performing during the Superbowl. Did you watch  the Super Bowl? Now at the time of recording this  

video, the Super Bowl and Rihanna has performance  is in the future. But when you watch this video,  

it will be in the past. So did you watch the Super  Bowl? Did you see Rihanna? Performance? Let us  

know in the comments. First, I want to clarify  that the Super Bowl is the final competition for  

football. Now when I say football, I'm talking  about of course American football just in case  

there's any doubt. Here's American football. I  included this at the very end of the article,  

because in North America, we refer to football  which is American football. And then we have  

soccer, which the rest of the world calls  football. So I understand this confusing,  

but this article is about the Super Bowl, which  is the final competition for football, American  

football. With that explanation. Let me read our  title. Super Bowl 2023 halftime show. The halftime  

show is the musical performance that takes place  at half time. So 50% into the game. They play  

for maybe an hour and then they take a break from  the game and then they have the halftime show. So  

that's why it's called half time because it takes  place in the middle of the Super Bowl. I wrote the  

definition for you here. Super Bowl 2023 halftime  show. What to know about Rihanna is performance.  

So Rihanna is performing at the halftime show.  As Super Bowl 57 They're calling it Super Bowl 57  

Because this is the 57 Super Bowl and of course  is taking place in 2023. So let's continue on.  

Any casual Super Bowl viewer knows that  the colossal event is as much about music.  

So the colossal events is of course the Super  Bowl. That's the event now colossal just means  

really big. If you didn't know the Super Bowl  is huge in America, it's extremely popular. So  

that's why they said colossal. Colossal means  really really really big. Keep in mind that in  

this context big isn't necessarily referring  to the size of the game is referring to the  

popularity of the game. So really, really, really  popular. Around the World. Football. Soccer is a  

colossal event. The World Cup is a colossal event.  So they're saying that the Super Bowl the colossal  

event is as much about music and commercials  as sports. So they're saying of course,  

sports. The football is really important for the  event. Obviously that's the reason it exists. But  

the music is a very important part of the Super  Bowl. A lot of people will watch the Super Bowl.  

They don't even like football. They watch it just  for the music, the entertainment and the halftime  

show. And they also watch it for the commercials  because the Superbowl is so popular brands want  

their commercials displayed during the Superbowl  because millions and millions of people will be  

watching so they'll watch that commercial.  So these brands invest a lot of money into  

the commercials, and the commercials are usually  very entertaining. They usually include a lot of  

Hollywood actors in the commercials are famous  people in the commercials. So people will watch  

it for the music, the commercials and the  sports. So notice this sentence structure  

as much about x as y this is a nice sentence  structure. The sentence structure is as much  

about x as y. So my example sentence is I  learned as much about football as English  

in this lesson. So this is something you could  say. Now notice in the sentence structure, the  

topic of the lesson is English. So it is the why  bite. Something that you didn't expect to learn  

about you include first, which would be x so you  probably didn't expect to learn about football,  

American football. When you started watching this  lesson you just wanted to learn about English,  

but you're also learning about football, American  football. So try that as an example sentence in  

the comments to practice this structure. So let's  continue on in recent decades. The end of the  

NFL NFL stands for National Football League. The  NFL season has evolved into an all day all night  

event. Let's talk about our verb evolve. This  comes from the word evolution. So when something  

evolves, it changes or develops gradually, which  means slowly so to develop or change I'll add  

change gradually which means slowly. So they're  saying in the past, it was just about the sport,  

but then slowly they introduced music and  it became more popular and more popular  

and more popular so it changed or developed.  slowly, gradually. And now it's an all day all  

night event. Notice that all day and all night  are adjectives. They're describing the event.  

So let's compare these two sentences I studied  all day. This is just your time reference.  

I had an all day lesson. The time is exactly the  same for both of these all day would represent  

the entire day from nine in the morning till five  o'clock PM, for example. But this grammatically  

it's being used as an adjective. So it  comes before your noun This is a noun,  

but all day we generally include this  after our verb at the end of the clause,  

because it doesn't necessarily come after a  verb because you can say I studied English at  

school all day. So we put it at the end of the  entire clause, but here as an adjective, it comes  

before the now let's continue on with marquee  artists. Marquee. This is an adjective. It simply  

means very popular or well known. So you could  say she's a marquee singer. She's very popular and  

well known. And that would definitely be Rihanna,  right? Popular. Well, no. And it's an adjective.  

With marquee artists like Rihanna and others  taking the field to take the field just means  

performing before kickoff. Kickoff is how  they start the game. And during halftime,  

so that means that artists will perform before  the game starts because kickoff is the start  

of the game. This is just specific  vocabulary to the sport of football,  

which is why I'm saying you're also learning  about football. But we can also use this in  

a more everyday context you can say let's kick  off the meeting with a summary of the conference.  

So let's kick off in this sense kick off means  start. It's a phrasal verb that means start and  

that likely comes from this football vocabulary.  So at the start of the game, and during halftime,  

which is in the middle of the game. Let's continue  on. You probably know that Rihanna is taking the  

stage. So again before we heard taking the field,  the field is where they play football. This is  

the field I believe they also use that in soccer  the same terminology soccer field football field,  

taking the field taking the stage it  just means performing at halftime.  

The game is being broadcast by Fox so this is just  where you can watch the game. Watch it on cable or  

free with an over the air antenna. I don't know  what an over the air antenna is to be honest,  

pregame festivities. festivities are just any sort  of activities specific to football. So that's a  

good term, just any activities, activities. So  the festivities could be there couldn't be some  

entertainment before there could be some different  foods you can eat performances you can watch all  

of those would be considered festivities. Maybe  there's an area where you can take pictures  

wearing football equipment. Funny pictures, so  all of that would include festivities. You can  

have festivities before any event before your your  birthday party so any type of parties weddings,  

even a conference you can have festivities and  you could say for example, the wedding starts  

at five but the festivities start at three so  there'll be some activities organized for the  

guests before the wedding officially starts  All right. So the festivities start at 6am.  

Eastern time, three pacific time with  kickoff so the official start of the  

game at 630. So they're only giving you 30  minutes for festivities, which isn't a lot.  

Okay, let's continue on. Considering that the  halftime production so the halftime production  

is Rihanna performing. That's the production. It  runs between 12 and 15 minutes. This is the length  

of time that Rihanna has for her performance. So  she'll be singing dancing for 12 to 15 minutes.  

That's not a lot of time. Notice our verb  here to run. This means use specific width  

and event when you're talking about the time of  being any event. You can use this in a business  

context. Like a conference you could say the first  presentation will run for 20 minutes for example,  

the verb run is used specifically in a  entertainment context or when there's a  

performance so we can think of a presentation as a  performance, which is why you can use the verb run  

there is much to compress. So to compress is  you take a lot of something and you compress it  

into a small amount. So they're talking about  Rihanna catalog. Her catalog is just her past  

songs so all her past songs are her catalog. So  in her 17 year career, notice here 17 Here this  

is an adjective which is why there is no s on  year because adjectives don't take plural form,  

so we don't add an s there. Her 17 year  career has spawned 14 Number one songs  

spawn is a verb to spawn and it means to  cause something new. So her career caused  

these 14 songs and 32 Top 10 songs, her career  cause them to happen. That's the verb spawn.  

Here's an example sentence her success spawned  many books. So her success cause many books to be  

written. Now other people could have written about  her success, for example. So her career spawned 14  

Number one songs and 32 Top 10 songs. Top 10 is  also an adjective. It's describing the popularity  

of the song. It's within the top 10 most popular  songs so she had 32 songs that were within that  

category of top 10 songs on the Billboard Hot 100.  So medleys are a bet worth making. Okay, let's go  

back up here because they're saying that remember,  they're talking about the fact that the halftime  

show is only 12 to 15 minutes. Rihanna has many,  many songs, but because of the compressed time,  

she may have to do some medleys, medleys are when  you take two or more songs and you combine them  

into one song, so she might sing just a part of  one of her songs umbrella, for example, and then  

she'll sing the first 30 seconds and then she'll  switch into another song and sing a little bit of  

that, because fans want to hear more than just two  songs. But in 12 minutes, you can probably only  

do two songs, right? So that's why she might do  medleys now are a bet worth making. When you make  

a bet you're making a prediction that something  will happen. I just Googled it. And the two teams  

competing at the Super Bowl are the Philadelphia  Eagles and the Kansas City Chiefs. Now remember  

to make a bet to make a bet not is when you make  a prediction about what will happen. I could say  

I bet that the Eagles will win. Now notice my verb  tense here I'm using the Future Simple because we  

use the Future Simple with predictions and bet is  a prediction is the exact same thing as saying I  

predict that the Eagles will win. I bet that the  Eagles will win predict sounds a little formal,  

like the literal definition and bet sounds more  natural. Now you already know who won because  

remember when I recorded this video the game was  in the future. So who won the Super Bowl? Share  

that in the comments? Was my prediction right? Was  my bet. Right? Let's continue on. Even though she  

teamed with a pair of marquee names. Remember we  already know that marquee means extremely popular  

marquee names in 2015 for four or five seconds,  four or five seconds is the name of one of Rihanna  

songs. And the marquee names the very popular  people that she teamed with team is just when  

two or more people come together for a specific  purpose. I'm sure that's obvious because we  

have sports team, right? And that's exactly what  they do on a sports team. So those marquee names  

are Kanye West, obviously very popular. And Paul  McCartney. Again, very popular. So Kanye West is  

a marquee name, or Kanye West is a marquee singer  because remember, marquee is just an adjective.  

Okay, it is beyond doubtful that either  would appear. So they're saying that yes,  

she did team with these very popular people in  the past but they're not going to sing with her  

during the halftime show. Beyond doubtful just  means more than doubtful, more than doubtful. So  

it sounds like you're just saying very doubtful.  You're You're intensifying the amount of doubt.  

So again, using our prediction with I bet,  you might say I bet that Kanye West will  

sing with Rihanna. Now, of course, this probably  wouldn't be a smart bet to make because it sounds  

like everybody saying it won't happen. But this  could be your prediction. But going back to her  

roots is a possibility. When you go back to  your roots, it means you go back to where  

you originally started. So where did Rihanna  originally start as a singer? I don't know.  

Maybe they'll say going back to her roots is a  possibility. Which would mean a Jay Z sighting on  

umbrella. Okay, this makes sense because Umbrella  was Rihanna was first popular song I believe.  

So that is her roots her roots, remember is  where she started and she started with the song  

umbrella and Jay Z was on the song umbrella.  So they're saying now it might be better to  

say I bet that Jay Z will sing with Rihanna,  and that might be a bat worth making is worth  

making because it's likely to happen her eight  times platinum smash with the rapper from 2007  

Jay Z called her a generational talent in  announcing her as the halftime performer Okay,  

so Jeezy was the one who announced that  Rihanna will be performing at the halftime  

and when he announced that he referred to her as a  generational talent. Generation generational means  

that Rihanna represents her entire generation.  So that's a very nice thing to say.  

So clearly respect is there. That means that Jeezy  respects Rihanna, and the evidence is that he  

called her a generational talent. And that might  be even more evidence to suggest that he might  

sing with her at the halftime show. So since this  is in the past hour, did Jay Z sing with Rihanna?  

Did you watch it? Share that in the comments  below. And that's the end of our article. So  

what I'll do now is I'll go back to the beginning  and I'll read the entire article in full and this  

time, you can focus on my pronunciation  and practice along with my pronunciation.  

Super Bowl 2023 halftime show. What to know  about Brianna's performance at Super Bowl 57.  

Any casual Super Bowl viewer knows that the  colossal event is as much about music and okay  

commercials as sports in recent decades. The  end of the NFL season has evolved into an all  

day all night event with marquee artists taking  the field before kickoff and during halftime.  

You probably know that Rihanna is taking  the stage at halftime. The game is being  

broadcast by Fox watch on cable or free with  an over the air antenna. Pregame festivities  

start at six eastern time three pacific time with  kickoff at 630. Eastern Time 330 Pacific Time.  

Considering that the halftime production  runs between 12 and 15 minutes, there is  

much to compress from Brianna's catalogue,  her 17 year career has spanned 14 Number one  

songs and 32 Top 10 songs on the Billboard  Hot 100. So medleys are a bet worth making.  

Even though she teamed with a pair of marquee  names in 2015 for four or five seconds,  

that would be Kanye West and Paul McCartney. It  is beyond Delco that either would appear but going  

back to her roots is a possibility, which would  mean a Jay Z signing on umbrella her eighth time  

platinum smash with the rapper from 2007 Jay Z  called her a generational talent in announcing  

her as the halftime performer so clearly respect  is their amazing job with that article. Now feel  

free to hit pause take a break, go get a cup  of coffee or tea review the vocabulary you  

just learned. And when you're ready, hit play,  and we'll continue on with the next article.

Hello, hello and welcome to our article today. As  you can see, we're talking about the navigation  

app. Wait, let's read the headline feels like  Google is letting Waze die. Widespread bug makes  

Google Maps the only option. Now in North America,  Waze is not very popular. I actually don't know.  

Many people if anyone who use Waze, most people  just use Google Maps or Apple Maps for navigation.  

But when I was living in Costa Rico, Waze was  the preferred choice. Everybody used Waze.  

So what's it like in your country? Do you use  Waze use Google Maps Apple Maps? Share that in  

the comments. Let's talk about this headline here  feels like Google is letting Waze die, widespread  

bug. I think most people know this because it's  a computer term, right? A bug is a problem.  

And we use this specifically with technology so  

I can't use this app. There's some sort of  bug. So some sort of problem. I don't know  

what it is. I can't use this app. There's above  there is a problem. Or you might ask someone,  

can you help me? Can you help me fix this bug,  this problem specific with technology? So you can  

definitely use the now bug when you're using it?  In the context of technology is very common. Now  

widespread? I hope you understand from the context  of the article, but spread is when something  

moves. So we use this a lot with illnesses the  spread of COVID That's probably how you've heard  

it before. So when something moves so widespread  is when it's a problem or a situation that impacts  

many people or many places widespread. So this  is an adjective. So as an example sentence,  

I could say corruption is widespread. This is  my adjective. Corruption is widespread in our  

company. So corruption affects many people  or many different areas of our company.  

So a very useful adjective you can use. So they're  saying this problem with the Waze app affects many  

different people. So let's move on to our next  paragraph. While the number of alternatives keeps  

growing with renowned names like tomtom and psygic  I don't know what this is to be odd. Honest. Do  

you psychic sigh get I don't know how to pronounce  this. I'll just say psych it. I may be incorrect.  

If you know what this is. I assume it's a GPS  style app. TomTom inside it. Also investing  

in similar software. Most people continue to run  Google Maps and Waze because of obvious reasons.  

All right, I'll renowned This is an adjective  and when someone or something is renowned,  

it means they're well known by many different  people or within a specific industry. Simply  

you can think of it as famous, famous, renowned.  Notice my pronunciation of this EDI here renowned,  

renowned, renowned. So for example, we often  use this with people, companies places. So  

because I mentioned Costa Rica before I could say  Costa Rica is renowned for its natural beauty.  

There are a lot of beautiful waterfalls, volcanoes  rainforest in Costa Rica. Renowned for so the  

sentence structure here is to be to be renowned  for something now if you something is a noun.  

So here, my noun is its natural beauty. If you  have a verb, your verb is in the gerund form,  

so doing something. So I might say, for  example, Costa Rica is a noun and for  

now I need a gerund. Verb. Renowned for growing  coffee. Costa Rica has amazing coffee as well.  

Here I have a verb and it's in the gerund form. So  why don't you share what your country or your city  

if you live in a very big country, your city  or your company, whatever you like your city,  

that would be a good one is renowned for and you  can practice with a noun and then try changing  

that to a Geron verb as well. So practice that  in the comments below. And let's continue on.  

They are both free. They come with state of the  art navigation capabilities, and they are owned  

by a technology giant that should theoretically  guarantee a bright future. So these are the  

benefits that the article was listing about Google  Maps and Waze because you remember they say,  

obvious reasons. Well, what are the obvious  reasons that people use Google Maps or Waze?  

Now they listed those obvious reasons free  state of the art, this is a great adjective.  

Notice the dashes here. So when you're spelling  it, pay attention to things like that the dashes  

generally for adjectives if there's two words  or two or more words a compound adjective,  

we put dashes between them state of the art. And  notice it comes before the noun because it's an  

adjective. But you could also describe something  you could say our new research facility is states  

of the art, our new research facility  to be state of the art. Now of course,  

when something is state of the art, it means it  has the most recent technology, the most recent  

everything. It is extremely modern, extremely  innovative state of the art. So you can try  

using that adjective to when you're thinking about  something your city is renowned for being famous  

for. Why not share something in your city that is  also state of the art to practice that adjective?  

All right, let's continue on. And  yet, when I see this word here yet,  

this is a transition word. is an adverb, and  it lets me know that there's going to be a  

contrast. So all of this is positive, right?  So without even reading this second sentence,  

second paragraph, I know that they're going to  talk about some disadvantages, some drawbacks,  

because all of this was positive, and the word  yet is used when there's a contrast. For example,  

I could say I'm really tired. Let's just consider  this a negative. I'm really tired. Now I could see  

something more positive, more contrasting. Yet  I gave a great presentation, because it might  

surprise you to think I gave a great presentation  when I'm really tired. So there's that contrast.  

Another example could be, I could say, I'm really  tired yet. What could I say yet? I went for a jog.  

I went for a jog or run this is another way  of saying I went running. It's just a very  

natural way of saying I went running I went for  a run. This is a noun or run. This is a noun,  

run is a verb. So I highly suggest you add this  to your vocabulary specific for run and jog,  

because it's very commonly used. We also use  it with I went for a walk. I went for a hike.  

You could also say I went for a bike. Ride,  for example. So you're basically taking your  

verb form, which would be I went hiking and  you're turning it into a noun by saying a hike.  

That's something bonus I just taught you because  I naturally wrote that because it's a very natural  

way of seeing it. I'm really tired yet. I went for  a run. So you wouldn't expect me to go running. If  

I'm tired. It's surprising. So why don't you try  a contrast? In the comment section? I'm really  

tired yet. What did you do? That's surprising  that you did it when you're tired. So as I said,  

I know that there's going to be some sort  of contrast in the second paragraph simply  

because of that one word yet. That shows you the  importance of including a specific adverb. It  

really prepares your audience for the meaning of  your message. All right, and yet is not a surprise  

that things sometimes go wrong, for absolutely no  clear reason. And in the case of ways, the most  

recent struggle comes down to mysterious freezing  happening on Android Auto. Okay, so this is the  

negative, it's the bug. Remember, at the very  beginning, we are talking about a bug will now we  

know what the bug is in ways. So if you use Waze,  have you experienced this bug that they're talking  

about and what's the bug? The bug is mysterious,  freezing. Mysterious just lets you know you. You  

weren't expecting it and you don't know why it's  mysterious. Now freezing is when you're talking  

and there's pauses, pauses. So it would be when  you enter a destination in ways and it's giving  

you directions turn left, turn right go straight,  but then it stops directing you and it tells you  

you're still on this street, even though you pass  that street five blocks ago, so the app is frozen.  

So notice, we take the word freeze, and we can  use it in many different ways. I might say,  

I have to restart my computer because it's frozen.  So everything stops working. My mouse won't move.  

I try to close a webpage. It doesn't close. It's  frozen. So our verb is to be frozen to be frozen.  

To be frozen, you can use this with your  computer, your cell phone, even your  

television if you're watching a movie, it could  just freeze, for example. Now you might say also,  

I think my computer has a bug. has a problem  has a bug. I think my computer has a bug it's  

been freezing all day. So you're using  the computer and then all of a sudden,  

it freezes. It's frozen. And then you restart it  and then it does it again. That could be your bug.  

And notice my verb is freeze. And it's in the  present perfect continuous because it's an action  

that started in the past. And it continues until  now. And I put it in the continuous to focus on  

the continuation of that action. All right. Let's  continue on. First spotted earlier this year,  

the problem is becoming more widespread. So  we know what widespread is before the problem  

only affected 10% of users 15% But now if it's  widespread, I imagine it would affect 60% 70%  

of users 50% or more the majority of users  is widespread. Now first spotted. This means  

first noticed or detected when you use the verb  spot in this context, it means notice or detect,  

noticed, detect. Let me give you an example  using spot this is a verb so I could say  

I hope my boss doesn't spot any errors in  my report. I hope my boss doesn't notice  

doesn't detect. Another way of seeing seeing.  See basically I hope my boss doesn't see. See  

because you're looking specifically  for it. I hope my boss doesn't spot  

any errors in my report. Maybe it would  be better to say teacher for example.  

I hope my teacher doesn't spot any errors in my  report. Errors in my grammar or my punctuation,  

my vocabulary, for example. So that could be  a good one. We also use this with people you  

could spot someone you might say I spotted  Sarah at the conference. So in this case,  

it makes sense because there are a lot of people  at the conference and then you see you notice you  

detect because you're looking for Sarah I think  Sarah is here. Oh, there she is. I spotted Sara  

at the conference. So it is a good one for now.  You can practice it with spot something like an  

error in a report. Let's continue on Oh, we didn't  finish this. So first spotted first notice the bug  

was first noticed earlier this year, the problems  becoming more widespread going to more people with  

more and more users claiming they have no  other option than to switch to Google Maps.  

All right. As such, some people believe this is  actually what Google wants in the first place  

as they think that Waze could eventually have  the same fate as so many other Google products,  

including most recently, our beloved  Statia. I also don't know what Statia is,  

I don't know if his stadia or stadia I'm not  sure how to pronounce that A to be honest  

stadia stadia. Do you know what this app is?  If you do share it in the comments as well?  

Okay, let's continue on. So here's where our  headline came from. Is Google quitting ways  

and letting it die? So by letting it die,  it means that if you ignore the product,  

you don't try to improve it. Eventually, more and  more people will stop using it and if zero people  

are using it, well, then the product won't exist  anymore. And in that sense, it's dead, right?  

Is Google quitting ways and letting it die?  One of the many users hitting the a4 mentioned  

problem asked rhetorically, rhetorically,  when you ask something rhetorically,  

you don't expect an answer. So here's a  question. How can I fix this book? Well,  

let's imagine I see this question out loud.  And there are some other people around me and  

they kind of look at me like, What are you talking  about? What bug? Why would you think I know how to  

fix it? But they don't actually see that they're  just like, huh, then I could say something like  

don't worry. It's a rhetorical question.  Don't worry, it's a rhetorical question,  

which means I don't actually expect an answer. I  don't want an answer. I don't need an answer. I'm  

just saying it out loud. So it's a useful a useful  word to know. Notice here it's an adjective.  

And here it's an odd verb is an adverb because  it modifies the verb ask and here it modifies the  

noun question. I do see a probably more commonly  as an adjective and it comes before question. It's  

a rhetorical question. So rhetorical, no need to  answer. And I would say I don't want don't expect.  

Don't need an answer. I'm just talking  out loud. So I will get rid of that.  

Let's continue on. So in this context, is  Google quitting ways or letting it die?  

He wasn't actually expecting anyone to answer  that. He was just saying it out loud. That's  

what rhetorically means in this context.  All right. Let's continue on. Well, I do  

understand why so many people come down to such  a conclusion. Google isn't trying to get rid of  

ways the application is playing an essential part  in the company's long term commitment to solutions  

aimed at improving the experience behind the wheel  behind the wheel. This means while you're driving,  

because you're you as the driver, your position,  here's the wheel and I'm behind the wheel.  

So we use this sometimes you'll see advertisements  now let's say this is alcohol. Someone might say,  

don't drink and get behind the wheel, which is  another way of saying don't drink and drive,  

right. So it just means to be driving if  you're behind. The wheel. Now hearing notice,  

they say come down to such a conclusion. That's  just another way of saying so many people reach  

a conclusion. They get to that conclusion.  I'll just say you can reach a conclusion.  

All right, and our final paragraph,  not a long time ago, Google brought  

the Google Maps and Waze teams under the  same roof specifically to allow them to  

work together on innovations that would  eventually be aimed at users of both apps.  

Okay, so under the same roof, well, above me  is a ceiling, but then on top of the ceiling  

on the exterior, that's the roof of my house,  right. So the ceiling is what you see from the  

inside or from the outside, you see the roofs,  so under the same roof, means on the same team,  

basically, the teams were working perhaps at  separate locations. And now if they're under  

the same roof, it means they're in one location.  So that's a could be a useful expression as well.  

All right, so that is our article. Now what  I'll do is I'll read the article from start  

to finish so you can focus on my pronunciation  and practice along with my pronunciation as well.  

Feels like Google is letting Waze die widespread  bug makes Google Maps the only option?  

Well, the number of alternatives keeps growing  with renowned names like Tom, Tom and sidekick,  

also investing in similar software. Most people  continue to run Google Maps and Waze because of  

obvious reasons. They are both free. They come  with state of the art navigation capabilities, and  

they are owned by a technology giant that should  theoretically guarantee a bright future. And yet  

it's not a surprise that things sometimes go wrong  for absolutely no clear reason. And in the case  

of ways, the most recent struggle comes down to  mysterious freezing happening on Android Auto.  

First audit earlier this year, the problem is  becoming more widespread. With more and more users  

claiming they have no other option than to switch  to Google Maps. As such, some people believe this  

is actually what Google wants in the first place,  as they think that Waze could eventually have the  

same fate. As so many other Google products,  including most recently, our beloved Stadia.  

Is Google quitting ways and letting it die? One  of the many users hitting the a4 mentioned problem  

asked rhetorically Well, I do understand why so  many people come down to such a conclusion. Google  

isn't trying to get rid of ways the application  is playing an essential part in the company's long  

term commitment to solutions aimed at improving  the experience behind the wheel. Not a long time  

ago, Google brought the Google Maps and Waze  teams under the same roof, specifically to  

allow them to work together on innovations that  would eventually be aimed at users of both apps.

Now feel free to hit pause take a break, go get  a cup of coffee or tea review the vocabulary you  

just learned. And when you're ready, hit play,  and we'll continue on with the next article.

Welcome to our article today so first  I'm going to read the article in full  

and you can practice along with my  pronunciation. So while do that now,  

Netflix backlash leads to another password sharing  rule change Netflix has retracted password sharing  

restrictions that were apparently posted in error  on his platform. Earlier this week, the streamer  

had updated its rules for sharing passwords on  its Help Center page. It noted that once Netflix  

account is for people who live together in a  single household. Netflix further specify that  

people who do not live in your household will  need to use their own account to watch Netflix.  

The update was met with serious backlash with a  number of subscribers threatening to cancel their  

subscriptions. On Thursday, Netflix responded  to the situation and said the information was  

shared accidentally. For a brief time yesterday. I  Help Center article containing information that is  

only applicable to Chile, Costa Rica and Peru went  live in other countries and Netflix spokesperson  

told The Guardian we have since updated it. The  Independent has contacted Netflix for comment  

since last year. Netflix has been testing out  paid sharing in the three countries where an  

account holder is required to pay for an extra  person identified as someone who lives outside  

of the account holders home to access service  in Costa Rica. The added fee costs $2.99 a month  

for people to have uninterrupted access to  Netflix. The help document explained that  

people would have to keep watching  something from their home every 31  

days. If they don't they will be asked to  enter a temporary code in order to log in.  

Now let's review the article in more detail and  you'll learn some advanced vocabulary and sentence  

structure. So let's start with our headline.  Netflix backlash leads to another password  

sharing rule change. So to understand the article  and the meaning you need to know what backlash  

means backlash. backlash is a noun and it's a  strong negative reaction to a change. A change or  

a decision. So the headlines suggests that there  was some sort of change or decision by Netflix and  

the general public said no, no, no, we don't like  that. That backlash. This is commonly used with  

the government, but it can be used with companies  as well. So you might say the government's  

I'll just say decision, whatever their decision  is the government's decision, their policy that  

change the new law the government's decision  resulted in backlash, which means people were  

upset what No, I don't want that. I don't like  that. They complain. That is backlash. We commonly  

modify this, you might say resulted in a lot of  backlash to just emphasize the severity of it.  

So you can use this if your company introduce  something new and the employees are really upset  

about it. That that feeling from the employees  that is backlash. Alright, so let's find out what  

this back lash is all about. Netflix has retracted  password sharing restrictions that were apparently  

posted in error on its platform. Okay, retracted  is when you take something back. So they had these  

restrictions live. And then there was backlash,  strong neighbor negative reaction. So then they  

took it back. They said no no, no, we'll get rid  of it. We'll cancel that restriction. So to take  

something back to take back. A decision is also  used with statements. So a politician could say,  

my opinion is and then later on, he could retract  that statement, which means he takes his opinion  

back, because maybe he got a lot of backlash for  his opinion or his statement. So to take back.  

Another way of saying is to reverse to reverse  a decision. First you say yes, we're going to  

do this and then you reverse it and you say, No,  we're not going to do that. So that's retracted.  

And what did they retract the restrictions? The  password sharing restrictions that were apparently  

posted in error on its platform, apparently  is a great adverb to add to your vocabulary,  

because it's used this is an adverb is used when  you're not 100% certain if something is true.  

So I might say, apparently, we have to work late  this weekend. Now if I just say we have to work  

late this weekend. It sounds like a statement. So  it sounds like a fact this is happening. But if I  

add apparently, then there's some doubt this might  not happen. Now, notice my placement here I put  

it at the beginning, which is very common. You can  also say you can put it at the end and you can say  

we have to work late this weekend, apparently,  or you can put it in front of your verb. And  

in this case, it would be let me copy this here.  We apparently have to work late this weekend. So  

in front of your verb, and that's where they  have it here in front of the verb. Alright,  

so that's the different sentence structures and  this is a great advert to have in your vocabulary.  

Let's continue on. Earlier this week. The streamer  had updated its rules for sharing passwords on  

its Help Center page. Okay the streamer This is  Netflix because Netflix streams content online. So  

they're just referring to Netflix as the streamer.  The streamer had updated its rules. And this is  

for this sharing passwords, but then remember,  they retracted it. They took it back because of  

the backlash the strong negative reaction from  the public from the users. Let's continue on.  

It noted that one's Netflix account is  for people who live together in a single  

household. Netflix further specified that people  who do not live in your household will need to  

use their own account to watch Netflix. To  be honest, I'm not really sure what this  

means. Does this mean that if I have a Netflix  account and I want to go to my friend's house,  

and I want to use my Netflix account at  my friend's house, it won't work because  

I don't live in my friend's household. I don't  really understand what this means to be honest.  

And maybe that's why there was a lot of backlash  because it was quite confusing. The public didn't  

understand it. Maybe you understand what this  means and you can let me know in the comments.  

Now let's take a look at this here. It noted. This  is a great verb. It's used commonly in business  

writing in formal writing and spoken English  as well. But in more of a business context,  

this isn't really a social verb. A casual verb is  more of a professional verb. So it simply means to  

notice something but let me show you how you've  probably seen this but maybe you don't feel quite  

confident using it and now you will. We commonly  use this with please note, please note, and then  

you tell the person what you want them to know,  what information do you want them to notice? Okay,  

please note that I'm out of the office until three  o'clock PM. So you might send this to your team in  

chat. Please note that I'm out of the office until  three so if they message you and you don't reply,  

they know why please know that. Now we use  this a lot in presentations. You might say.  

Note that the sales have doubled in the last  two quarters, for example. So you're giving a  

presentation and there's a lot of information  in the presentation, but you want them to pay  

attention to something specific, you can see  verbally know that the sales have doubled in  

the last two quarters. It's another way of saying  notice, notice is just another way of saying that  

and you can add please to be more polite or you  can use the imperative know that which is used for  

directions. So that's a great verb to have in your  professional vocabulary. Let's continue on. The  

update was met with serious backlash. So before I  use the modifier a lot of and here they're using  

serious and of course serious it sounds stronger  than saying a lot of backlash, serious backlash  

that instantly sounds a lot stronger. So you can  imagine the negative reaction was quite strong.  

If you say there was serious backlash when our  company canceled the conference, for example. So  

a very strong negative reaction from the public  the update was met with serious backlash with a  

number of subscribers threatening to cancel their  subscriptions. All right, let's continue on. On  

Thursday, Netflix responded to the situation and  said the information was shared accidentally.  

So they didn't intend to share the  information that would be the opposite.  

If you intend to do something then  it isn't accidental. So you could  

say that we didn't intend to share the  information. So this is the same as saying  

the information was shared accidentally. Now  I could also say we share the information  

accidentally, when you put it in the passive. This  is commonly done when you want to avoid taking  

responsibility because notice the difference. The  information was shared accidentally compared to  

we share the information accidentally or I share  the information accidentally. It sounds like I'm  

more responsible or were more responsible when I  use the active form. And it sounds like we're less  

responsible when the passive form is used, which  is why companies commonly talk like that. And it  

means the same as we didn't intend to share the  information. Now let's say the opposite is true.  

And you want it to share the information you  could say we intended to share the information  

and just that we intended to share  the information so this is the same  

as saying we plan to share the information  it was our intent to share the information.  

Okay, let's continue on. For a brief time  yesterday. Brief is a short period of time  

so another way of saying that for a short period  of time, is more common if you're using short is  

more common to to say a short period of time. But  for brief you can just say brief for a brief time  

yesterday for a short period of time yesterday.  I Help Center article containing information  

that is only applicable to Chile. Costa Rica and  Peru. So only applicable to is saying that Chile,  

Costa Rica and Peru, the restrictions or the  information was for them and not for others.  

So they have different rules or regulations  or policies in these countries compared to  

other countries. So that's only applicable to and  this is commonly used with rules or policies you  

could say oh, that rule is only applicable to new  employees. So maybe there's a probationary period,  

but it's only applicable to new employees. Another  word we use that's very common is apply that rule  

so I can see the exact same thing. That rule only  notice the changes I'm making. That rule only  

applies to new employees. So something applies  to something, a rule, a policy decision.  

But notice here I need my verb to be that rule  is only applicable to because it's with the verb  

to be. Let's say I wanted to talk about rules,  plural. Well, first of all, I would have to change  

that to those for plural those rules are only  applicable. That rule only applies those rules  

only applied to new employees. So of course you  have to conjugate your verbs accordingly. So this  

Help Center article that was available for a short  period of time. A brief time wasn't for everybody.  

So if you read this from Australia, or France  or Germany, it doesn't apply to you. It only  

applies to these three countries. All right, let's  continue on. The Independent has contacted Netflix  

for comments. All right. Good to know since last  year, Netflix has been testing out paid sharing in  

the three countries Okay, so the three countries  we know that it's Chile, Costa Rica and Peru.  

Now here has been testing out our present perfect  continuous present perfect continuous because it's  

an action that started in the past last year,  and it continues until now. So they're still  

doing it present perfect continuous. Now  in this case, adding out to the verb Test,  

test out test it really there's no difference  here. Netflix has been testing paid sharing.  

Netflix has been testing out page sharing there is  no difference sometimes that happens with phrasal  

verbs we add an out or an up we add a preposition  but it doesn't change the meaning. This is one of  

those cases. So paid sharing, whatever that is in  the three countries. So I guess they'll tell us  

now where an account holder is required to pay for  an extra person identified as someone who lives  

outside of the account holders home. Okay, so I  guess if I want my friend to access my Netflix, I  

have to pay a small fee of 299 a month so I guess  it's cheaper than my friend paying $15 a month for  

Netflix. She can just pay 299 a month and have  access to my account. I guess that's what it is.  

All right, and then they just identify what a  extra person is someone who lives outside of  

the account holders home to access service.  So in Costa Rica, the added fee costs 299 a  

month. I guess that seems pretty reasonable  to give someone access to your account.  

What do you think? Does that  sound reasonable? I don't know.  

For people to have I interrupted access to  Netflix. The help document explained that  

people would have to keep watching something from  their home every 31 days. Okay, so I'm not sure  

what happens if you don't watch Netflix for 31  days. Do they cancel your account? I'm not sure  

if they don't oh, this is what happens. If they  don't. They will be asked to enter a temporary  

code in order to log in. Okay, I guess people  didn't like that and that's why there was a lot  

of backlash, which is the negative reaction. So  maybe if you're watching this from Costa Rica,  

Chile or Peru, maybe this article makes more  sense to you. I don't quite understand the  

change that Netflix is talking about here.  Because I haven't heard about it. But you  

didn't learn a lot of useful vocabulary  from this lesson. So I hope you enjoyed it.

Now feel free to hit pause take a break, go get  a cup of coffee or tea review the vocabulary you  

just learned. And when you're ready, hit play,  and we'll continue on with the next article.

Welcome to our article we have a very interesting  topic we're talking about Brit coin that's right,  

not Bitcoin but Brit coin. So first, I'm going  to read the article in full and you can follow  

along with my pronunciation. red coin could  arrive in the second half of the decade. The  

United Kingdom is pushing ahead with plans  to create a digital pound issued by the Bank  

of England that would offer a stable alternative  to Bitcoin or ether. While cash is here to stay,  

a digital pound issued and backed by the Bank of  England could be a new way to pay that's trusted,  

a sensible and easy to use. UK finance  minister Jeremy Hunt said in a statement,  

the Bank of England and the Treasury said the  decision about whether to roll out a digital  

pound, which has been nicknamed Brit coin will  be made around the middle of the decade. Central  

banks around the world are considering whether  to issue digital currencies, as more parts of  

the economy move online. Unlike cryptocurrencies  that are currently available, these coins would  

have official backing which would result in  a stable value and need they can be used for  

everyday spending. Central Bank digital currencies  could make online spending more convenient, ease  

cross border transactions and boost competition  among providers of digital financial assets.  

In his speech in November, Sir John Cunliffe  Deputy Governor of the Bank of England for  

financial stability, said that without a digital  pound, a few big players could dominate and  

perhaps control innovation in payment services.  But major details of digital currencies still need  

to be hashed out. critics worry that the rollout  by central banks could cause enormous disruption  

if people raise to swap cash for a digital  alternative. Another fear is privacy since  

digital currencies would give government's new  insights into how people are spending their money.  

Now let's look at the article in more detail  and I'll explain some advanced vocabulary and  

grammar topics. So let's start with our headline.  Brick coin could arrive in the second half of the  

decade. So the second half of the decade that  would be 2025 or after so not too long from now  

we could have brick coin. The United Kingdom  is pushing ahead with plans so to push ahead  

with something usually plans or a project or a  proposal is another way of just saying advancing  

with plans going ahead with plans through seeding  with so many different ways you could say this,  

all of them are honestly quite common. One I  hear a lot is going ahead with I probably hear  

this more than pushing ahead with but then we also  have is proceeding with. So our preposition would  

be with proceeding with you don't see proceeding  ahead with in this case is just proceeding with  

and then a plan a policy a change something  like that. So let me give you an example.  

You could say my company is pushing ahead with the  conference. So notice here I used a now you can  

push ahead with something specific. So it means  they're proceeding with the conference. They're  

going to have the conference and they're going  to create more plans for it. Now in our example  

here with plans plans is a verb I plan to attend  the conference. It's a verb but it can also be a  

noun. Do you have plans tonight, for example? And  in this case, is it a verb or a noun pushing ahead  

with plans? It's a noun. And I know that because  grammatically the sentence requires a noun or  

a verb but the verb would be in the gerund form  because with is a preposition. So grammatically,  

this can't be a verb because it would be  incorrect. We need the gerund verb. My company  

is pushing ahead with and then I could say with  planning the conference, so I need a Jaren verb.  

Let's continue on so pushing ahead with plans  to create a digital pound issued by the Bank  

of England that would offer a stable alternative  to Bitcoin or ether ether is just another type of  

cryptocurrency. Okay, let's continue on. This is  a quote from the UK finance minister, while cash  

is here to stay. So something is here to stay. I  think this is probably obvious, but it means it's,  

it's not going to disappear anytime soon. I  could say working from home is here to say at  

the beginning of the pandemic, everybody thought  out working from home was going to be temporary.  

But now it's here to stay maybe not 100% of the  time, but it's definitely changed the way that  

people work. So it's a great expression to have in  your vocabulary. I think you'll use it a lot and  

notice you need the verb to be with the expression  to be here to stay. While cash is here to say a  

digital pound issued and backed by the bank. Of  England to be backed by just means that the Bank  

of England supports it. The Bank of England is  responsible for it that's backed by backed by  

the Bank of England could be a new way to pay  that's trusted, and it's trusted because it's  

backed by the Bank of England trusted assessable  assessable means it's available to many, many,  

many people so widely available and easy to  use. UK finance minister said in the statement  

the Bank of England and the Treasury said the  decision about whether to roll out a digital  

pound to roll out this is a phrasal verb we  have our verb and a preposition. And this is  

when you introduce introduce something when  you make something available so to roll out  

to make something available and that something is  usually a service or a product. So in this case,  

the digital pound that would be a product  and you're making it available. You're  

introducing it for the first time you're making  it available for the first time which is where  

the introduce it comes from. Let me give you  another example. This is commonly used by the  

government when they introduce a new policy or  regulation. You could say they rolled out so our  

government just rolled out a new tax incentive.  They introduced it for the first time and roll of  

course is our verb so you need to conjugate  that verb here. It's in the past simple.  

Okay, which has been nicknamed Brit coin. So this  isn't the official name. I know that because they  

use a nickname. A nickname is an alternative name.  So my name is Jennifer. My family calls me Jenny.  

So that could be my nickname is Jenny but it's  not my official name. So an alternative name.  

An alternative name for someone or something.  And we use this a lot with people we have a  

close relationship with your family  or significant other your friends.  

You probably call them a nickname more than their  real name. So what's your nickname? Do you have a  

nickname? Share in the comments below. And just so  you know, I don't actually like the name Jenny. I  

tolerate my family calling me Jenny but I actually  don't like that. Name. So don't call me It's  

alright, let's continue on which has been  nicknamed Bitcoin. So again, not the official  

name, but it's possible they do take that as the  official name would be made around the middle of  

the decade. Central banks around the world are  considering whether to issue digital currencies as  

more parts of the economy move online. All right,  so right now they're just considering it. They're  

deciding if we should do it. So of course, this  is an excellent time to use our present continuous  

because it's taking place right now. Right now  they're considering whether to do this. So maybe  

your country is having the same conversation as  well about having a digital currency that's going  

to be backed by your government or your central  bank. Remember backed by is supported by unlike  

cryptocurrencies that are currently available,  these coins would have official backing we already  

talked about that to be backed by to have official  backing, which would result in a stable value and  

mean they could be used for every day spending.  Let's talk about starting a sentence with unlike  

because this is a great sentence structure  to have in your vocabulary. I could say on  

like the United States, Canada has free  health care. So this is a way of saying  

Canada has free health care. Okay, so that  part does not change, but the US doesn't.  

So these two sentences mean the same thing.  Now I could reverse this. And I could say  

the US doesn't have free health care.  

But Canada does. I could also say that just as  an alternative they mean the exact same thing.  

But I learned starting with unlike because notice,  it's the most concise which means the short is out  

of all options. So when you use this, you can use  less words, but communicate the exact same message  

which is always preferred. And this is a great  way but remember when you use this, unlike the  

US you're saying the US does not have or does not  do whatever your second sentence is so remember,  

the Brit coin would have official banking, but  all their cryptocurrencies don't because they  

used unlike so that's a really great sentence  structure. I encourage you to practice that.  

Now the result of that is they'll have a stable  value because it's backed by the Bank of England,  

and that can be used for everyday spending. Let's  talk about every day. Now notice it's one word,  

as one word is an adjective, adjective and it  means common, or typical. So common spending, what  

would that be things like things you buy everyday,  like gas, groceries, expenses for your kids. Those  

are everyday spending, your mortgage, your cell  phone bill, things like that everyday spending.  

Now compare that to our adverb of frequency,  which would be I buy milk every day,  

every day. This as an adverb of frequency means  seven days a week, right? Every day. That's a lot  

of milk. I don't know what you're doing with all  milk. I buy milk every day. Milk is an every day  

purchase. So here in this case, because  it's one word, I know that this is the  

adjective it describes purchase and it just  means typical or common. Let's continue on  

central bank. digital currencies could make  online spending more convenient is cross  

border transaction. So cross border would be from  Canada to the US, US to Mexico, Mexico to France,  

that's cross border and personally I think that  is the best advantage of cryptocurrencies is  

the cross border transactions. What about you?  And boost competition boost is another way of  

seeing increase. It's a very common way of seeing  increase, increase competition among providers  

of digital financial assets. So these are all the  advantages of cryptocurrencies digital currencies.  

Continue on in his speech in November, Sir  John Cunliffe, Deputy Governor of the Bank  

of England for financial stability, said that  without a digital pound, a few big players could  

dominate and perhaps control innovation in payment  services. So this just talks about his point here.  

About having competition and remember increasing  competition. That's one of the benefits of having  

a bank digital currency, a digital currency backed  by the bank. Let's take a look so that without a  

digital pound, now notice our sentence structure  because we have without and then we have a now  

which is great. That's very common. You can also  have without and then a verb, but you would need  

a gerund verb because without is a preposition.  So I could say the exact same thing. But I need  

a verb instead of a noun. So I could simply  say said that without having a digital pound.  

That could be an easy verb to add there. Without  having a digital patent. Just remember without is  

a preposition. So if you have a verb, it needs  to be the gerund verb, which is verb plus ing.  

A few big players could dominate and perhaps  control innovation in payment services. So a  

payment services service is just how you pay  credit card, debit card Pay Pal cryptocurrency.  

Those are all payment services. And our last  paragraph, the major details of digital currencies  

still need to be hashed out. This is a great  phrasal verb. When you have something else,  

you discuss the details of the plan. So let's  say we want to have a conference. Okay, but we  

need to hash it out. When is it going to take  place? Who are the speakers going to be? Who is  

going to attend how many people will attend? What  will the price be? So those are all the details  

you need to make decisions on. So the process of  making those decisions the conversations back and  

forth that is hash out to hash out. So to hash out  this is a phrasal verb to hash something out this  

something is the details and this is to decide on  the details of a plan or project or a proposal.  

Now you could do this when you're planning a  vacation so you can use this in an everyday  

context, everyday context. So we typical a  normal context such as planning a vacation,  

you need to hash out where you're going to stay  your itinerary and your travel arrangements and  

everything else. So let's say you are planning  a vacation with your family. You could say Let's  

meet tonight and hash out the details. Now notice  here that the sentence is in the passive form  

to be hashed. Out. So let's use an example  and combine it with another phrasal verb we  

learn to roll out which means to introduce to make  available for the first time so the government is  

rolling out a new tax incentive, but this specific  details need to be hashed out. Okay, the details  

need to be hashed out this is still the passive  sentence. If it were an active sentence, it would  

be the government is hashing out the details.  So let me write that. The government is hashing  

out the Present Continuous because it's taking  place now. The government is hashing out the  

details for its new tax incentive. Now hopefully  you would hash out the details before you roll  

something out. But this is just an example to  use both of the phrasal verbs in one sentence.  

Okay critics so people who don't think there  should be a digital currency backed by the central  

bank the Brit coin the critics worry that their  roll out. So notice here, it's the same meaning,  

but it's a now and I know it's a noun because it's  there. For one, you possess something. You don't  

possess a verb so I have my possessive and the  spelling as well. It's one word so I know this is  

a noun. And it's similar to say their introduction  how I could use introduce as a verb or a noun.  

So this is a noun, their rollout by central  banks could cause enormous disruption IT people  

raised to swap cash for digital alternatives for a  digital alternative. Okay to swap. So I have cash.  

And this is the cryptocurrency. I'm going to  swap. So I'm going to give you cash and then  

get a digital currency. I'm going to swap them  that's what it means. So it's when you replace one  

thing or another thing, I might say. Just a silly  example I have this blue pen. I want to swap it  

for this pink pen. So I'm going to replace my blue  pen with my pink pen. That is to swap to swap.  

Let me write that definition to replace one  thing with another and in this case, cash and  

digital currency. Now to raise it means that just  well you know what a race is you go really fast,  

right? So once this digital currency is available,  lots of people might say I want it I want it and  

then they're going to swap their cash. That's  what they think could happen and that will  

cause disruption disruption is a negative  thing is when everything is going smoothly,  

but then there's some sort of issue that causes  problems. And that could happen if people raise  

to swap it. So race to this means to move very  quickly. move quick quickly, to achieve something.  

Now you might say just to use race to the  government is racing to roll out their new  

tax incentive. So maybe they're trying to do this  very, very quickly. Maybe they have a deadline.  

They publicly announced that it has to be done  by the end of the week. So now they're racing to  

do it. They're moving very quickly to accomplish  it to achieve it. Another fear is privacy since  

digital currencies would give governments new  insights into how people are spending their money.  

So this talks about some of the potential  drawbacks the negatives of the cryptocurrency  

and that is the end of our article. So what  do you think if there was a government backed  

cryptocurrency digital currency available in your  city, your country? Would you be interested in it?  

I don't think I definitely would. And mainly  for the reason of cross border transactions.  

I think it would make it so much easier. So feel  free to share your comments on the topic as well.

Amazing job with this lesson now what  was your favorite new word from this  

lesson? Leave that in the comments below  and leave an example sentence practicing  

your new vocabulary. And if you found this  lesson helpful, please hit the like button,  

share it with your friends and of  course subscribe. And before you go,  

make sure you head to my website and get your  free speaking Guide. In this guide, I share  

six tips on how to speak English fluently and  confidently and it's all my time Happy studying