Question Tags | English Grammar Lesson | B2-Upper Intermediate

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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Hello and welcome, everyone, to today'sย  presentation, which is based on a questionย ย 
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[์Œ์•…]
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์€
00:11
that Jean Paul, I think, sent me. So, let me shareย  my screen. This is the question Jean Paul asked:ย ย 
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Jean Paul์ด ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jean Paul์ด ๋˜์ง„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย ย  ๋ชจ๋“  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—
00:18
Can we use 'isn't it' or 'no' as a universal tagย  for all questions? I think the question comesย ย 
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'is't it' ๋˜๋Š” 'no'๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”์šฉ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”
00:26
because, in French, I think you can say 'isn'tย  it' for all all tags, and in Spanish 'no'. But,ย ย 
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํƒœ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'is'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:34
I'm afraid in English, there is no universal tagย  that works with all questions. We must create aย ย 
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์šฉ ํƒœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
tag for each case. It's a little complicated, soย  let's go through the rules and some revision ofย ย 
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๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํƒœ๊ทธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์ •๋ณธ๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
special tags as well. So, starting with theย  two main rules for regular question tags:ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํƒœ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ทœ์น™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:57
The first rule is: You need to add a negativeย  tag to a positive statement and a positiveย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:04
tag to a negative statement. While we're here,ย  let me correct this so we don't see a mistake:ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์—๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
to a negative statement. So, for example, if ourย  statement is: They have had a good time, the tagย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง„์ˆ ์ด '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋ฉด ํƒœ๊ทธ
01:19
is: haven't they? rather than 'have they?' And,ย  if we have a negative statement: She has neverย ย 
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๋Š” '๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?'๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
01:27
been so angry, the tag is: has she? Positive. notย  .hasn't she?' Now notice I have underlined 'never'ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™”๋‚œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ. ์•„๋‹ˆ .๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š” ?' ์ด์ œ 'never'์— ๋ฐ‘์ค„์„ ๊ทธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ
01:37
so that you remember that a negative statement canย  be with a negative verb, like 'she hasn't been',ย ย 
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์€ 'she been't been'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ • ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:44
but also with a negative word, like 'never' or 'noย  longer'. So, be attentive that the statement needsย ย 
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'never' ๋˜๋Š” 'no more'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง„์ˆ ์—๋Š”
01:52
to have a negative idea, and if it does, thenย  your tag is positive. So, that's rule number 1.ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทœ์น™ 1๋ฒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Let's look at look at rule number 2: You need toย  use the auxiliary verb of the exact same tense asย ย 
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๊ทœ์น™ 2๋ฒˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„์ˆ ์„œ ์™€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
your statement, for example if we have the sameย  sentence: They have had a good time, the tag is:ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ They have a good time, ํƒœ๊ทธ ๋Š”:
02:18
haven't they? not 'didn't they?' I notice this asย  a common mistake, thinking oh it's a past action,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? '๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด?'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๊ณ ,
02:26
finished action, use any auxiliary in the past.ย  No. You have to be very strict and stick to theย ย 
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๋๋‚œ ํ–‰๋™์ด๊ณ , ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ณด์กฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ๋งค์šฐ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:34
exact same tense: Present Perfect: they have had;ย  the tag is with the auxiliary of Present Perfect:ย ย 
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ: they have had; ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” Present Perfect์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ ํƒœ๊ทธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
haven't they? Or, for example another one that Iย  see commonly is: She isn't going to quit: 'goingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 'going
02:50
to' Future; the tag is not 'will she?' anotherย  future tense, but 'is she?' So, be very strictย ย 
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to' Future; ํƒœ๊ทธ๋Š” 'will she?'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ 'is she?' ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
02:57
with the auxiliary verb that you use. So, theseย  are the two important rules for regular questionย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํƒœ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:04
tags. But, I have a few notes to mention toย  you. Note 1 is that you can use a non-contractedย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฐธ๊ณ  1์€ ์•ฝ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
03:14
negative tag, but it sounds very formal. So, forย  the sentence 'They have had a good time.' youย ย 
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๋ถ€์ • ํƒœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ย ย  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
03:22
could say: have they not? But, it's very formal.ย  I would avoid this kind of formulation, and that'sย ย 
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
why when we have a statement with 'I am', we oftenย  use 'aren't I' as the contraction. 'amn't' doesn'tย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'I am'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ 'aren't I'๋ฅผ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์•„๋ƒ'๋Š”ย ย  ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:38
exist. So, you could say: I'm right, am I not?ย  But again, it's very very formal. It's better toย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
always say: I'm right, aren't I? So, that's theย  first note. The second note: You must always useย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ:
03:56
a pronoun in a tag, so if you have a name, properย  name, or noun, like: Jimmy has eaten. Don't say:ย ย 
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ํƒœ๊ทธ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ฆ„, ๊ณ ์œ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: Jimmy๊ฐ€ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”:
04:04
hasn't Jimmy? You must use a pronoun. In thisย  case, for Jimmy, it's 'he': hasn't he? Now,ย ย 
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์ง€๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” Jimmy์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ์ด์ œ,
04:12
then we have some indefinite nouns, like everyone,ย  someone, nobody, etc. With these, you need toย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ • ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
04:20
use the genderless pronoun 'they'. For example:ย  Everyone has eaten, haven't they? And that's theย ย 
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
04:28
positive one. And the negative sentence would be:ย  No-one has eaten, have they? I have one more note,ย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:37
and that is: You may sometimes, it's rare, but youย  may rarely hear a positive tag after a positiveย ย 
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. ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ง ๋’ค์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํƒœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:47
statement. And if you hear that, the speakerย  is expressing a strong emotion. For example,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ™”์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,ย ย  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„
04:55
if you hear: He thinks he the boss, does he? theย  person is angry. That expresses anger, or if youย ย 
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๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด: ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ฃ ? ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
05:04
hear: She's having a baby, is she? Again, that'sย  with surprise. So, you have positive-positive, andย ย 
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๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ
05:13
that is a very rare case, but you may come acrossย  it. Now, the very important thing to mention aboutย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ง€๋งŒ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ย ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:21
tags in general is intonation. You can have aย  rising intonation or a falling intonation. If youย ย 
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์–ต์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ต์–‘์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ์–ต์–‘์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
have, if your tag, has a rising intonation, it'sย  a real question, and you expect an answer; youย ย 
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ํƒœ๊ทธ์— ์–ต์–‘์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
05:37
wait for an answer. For example: You are enjoyingย  this movie, aren't you? It's a real question. Youย ย 
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์งœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
05:47
don't know; you're not sure, and maybe the answerย  comes: Not really! Can we watch something else?ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?ย ย  ์–ต์–‘์ด ๋†’์•„์ ธ์„œ
05:53
That's an actual question that requires an answerย  because your intonation rose. I'll read it again:ย ย 
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
You are enjoying this movie, aren't you? Itย  goes up, right? Now compare that with a fallingย ย 
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์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ ? ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์ฃ ? ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
06:08
intonation which means it's not a real question;ย  you don't really want an answer. You are prettyย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์–ต์–‘๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
06:16
sure what the answer is. You just expect maybeย  a confirmation, for example: you aren't enjoyingย ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ํ™•์ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
06:23
this movie, are you? Let's watch something else.ย  You're right, it's a bit too violent for me. So,ย ย 
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์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹  ๋ง์ด ๋งž์•„์š”. ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ด์—์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:30
in this case, you can see the person is notย  enjoying the movie. You just want a confirmationย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€
06:36
from them. So, I'll read that intonation again.ย  Notice that it will fall: You aren't enjoying thisย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™•์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ์–ต์–‘์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€
06:43
movie, are you? There's absolutely no rising,ย  no question form in this question intonationย ย 
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์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์–ต์–‘์—๋Š” ์ƒ์Šน์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:50
in this. Right so having clarified that, weย  just need to finish with some special tags.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ, ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
One series, one group of special tags are forย  orders and requests. So, you can make an orderย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํƒœ๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์š”์ฒญ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ
07:09
or order someone to do or not to do something,ย  and there you will use 'will'. For example:ย ย 
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ช…๋ นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'will'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Give me a hand, will you? And: Don't feed theย  cat, will you? And here, because it's an order,ย ย 
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:24
the intonation is falling. You're not reallyย  asking anything, you're telling someone to doย ย 
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์–ต์–‘์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ
07:30
or not to do something: Give me a hand, will you?ย  Don't feed the cat, will you? Down. If you want,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š”? ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์•„๋ž˜์—. ์›ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:38
you can make a positive order into a requestย  by using a 'polite request' modal verb and alsoย ย 
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'์ •์ค‘ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ' ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
07:45
maybe adding the word 'please'. For example, youย  can say: Give me a hand please, could you? Or:ย ย 
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'Please'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋˜๋Š”:
07:52
Give me a hand please, would you? And that's nowย  more of a request than an order. And the finalย ย 
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์š”์ฒญ์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:01
group that we have to look at for special tagsย  is suggestions and offers. With this group, useย ย 
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ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํƒœ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์ œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ œ์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š”
08:10
'shall we?' and 'shall I?' So, if you're making aย  suggestion for the group. it's: Let's get started,ย ย 
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€?'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ?' ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€: ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด
08:18
shall we? Or: Let's not jump to conclusions,ย  shall we? And now here for suggestions,ย ย 
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๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋˜๋Š”: ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ œ์•ˆ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
08:24
your intonation is more of a rising intonation.ย  You kind of wait for everyone to say: Yeah okay,ย ย 
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๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์–ต์–‘์€ ์ ์  ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ์–ต์–‘์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ ์•Œ์•˜์–ด,
08:31
let's do that. You really need an answer,ย  saying: Yeah, we agree with your suggestion. So:ย ย 
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ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ:
08:38
Let's get started, shall we? Up. Let's not jumpย  to conclusions, shall we? Up. And you can also useย ย 
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”? ์œ„๋กœ. ์„ฑ๊ธ‰ํžˆ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์œ„๋กœ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:46
'shall I?' if you're offering to do something, andย  this only happens in positive offers. For example:ย ย 
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'๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
08:54
Let me give you a hand, shall I? Again, you riseย  because you wait for the answer: Yes please. Or:ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆด๊นŒ์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‘๋‹ต์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”:
08:59
No, I'm okay. You can also use 'I'll':ย  I'll give you a hand, shall I? And again,ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. 'I'll'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: I'll give you help, will I? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ,
09:06
you're offering to give the person a hand likeย  that with a ... Right, that's the the end ofย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ... ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”.
09:14
this presentation on question tags. I hopeย  it's clarified how to create question tagsย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ํƒœ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํƒœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
09:21
and some of the special cases that you need to beย  careful with. I hope you've enjoyed this lesson.ย ย 
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๊ณผ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
For more on this topic, click here. Rememberย  to also check out my complete online course,ย ย 
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋„ ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ ,
09:35
and don't forget to like and subscribe.ย  Thank you for watching and happy studies!
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์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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