The High-Wire Act of Unlocking Clean Energy | Jason Huang | TED

27,929 views ・ 2025-02-18

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:08
One of the greatest inventions of all time
0
8596
3960
00:12
is our transmission and distribution grid.
1
12596
2920
00:15
It connects electricity generation to electricity consumption,
2
15556
4440
00:19
safely, reliably resilient against extreme weather conditions,
3
19996
6000
00:26
and keeps our lights on.
4
26036
1720
00:28
But if we were to facilitate the electrification of everything ...
5
28676
4680
00:34
this most sophisticated and largest machine on Earth
6
34796
4080
00:38
is not quite large enough to take on all the renewable generation
7
38916
5160
00:44
from where the Sun shines and the wind blows
8
44076
3560
00:47
to where people actually live.
9
47636
2320
00:49
It does not have the capacity to handle the two-thirds energy
10
49956
4120
00:54
that we consume not yet in the form of electricity.
11
54116
3120
00:58
Without transmission, we have no transition.
12
58956
4360
01:03
The real bottleneck in our power grid is actually the conductors.
13
63356
4920
01:08
Those wires that are carrying electrons
14
68316
2680
01:11
are based on outdated technology invented in 1908.
15
71036
4200
01:16
It has limited capacity and also poor efficiency.
16
76076
3600
01:20
The next generation of advanced conductors exists.
17
80516
4320
01:24
It has been invented leveraging
18
84876
2320
01:27
the best materials science today has to offer,
19
87236
3360
01:30
to build the best conductors.
20
90636
2080
01:34
This is what the company I cofounded, TS Conductor, is working on.
21
94476
4520
01:39
It can triple line capacity,
22
99036
1960
01:41
and, at the same time, reduce line loss by 50 percent.
23
101036
4120
01:45
The best part is it comes with a green discount,
24
105156
3680
01:48
saving the utility and their customers money from day one.
25
108836
4920
01:53
There aren't many things in our lives that are over 100 years old.
26
113796
4200
01:59
So why are we still using and relying on those old-fashioned power lines?
27
119076
6080
02:06
This is because our utility companies are regulated monopolies
28
126316
6080
02:12
with a very conservative culture.
29
132436
3520
02:17
To understand today's advanced conductors, let's take a look at yesterday's wires.
30
137436
6600
02:24
The original century-old technology, the ACSR conductor,
31
144596
4720
02:29
which is still dominant today in our power grid.
32
149356
3080
02:32
It has steel wire as a core for structural support
33
152476
3840
02:36
and layers of aluminum for electrical conductivity.
34
156356
4200
02:40
The steel wire at the time, 100 years ago, wasn't strong enough,
35
160596
5360
02:45
so we had to use hard aluminum for strength contribution.
36
165996
3400
02:49
The problem is hard aluminum cannot handle high temperature.
37
169396
4080
02:53
This limits capacity.
38
173516
2320
02:55
In the 1970s, our steel industry was able to deliver stronger steel,
39
175836
5560
03:01
which then can be combined with annealed aluminum.
40
181436
4440
03:05
That forms the ACSS conductor,
41
185916
2520
03:08
which is capable of high-temperature operation for high ampacity.
42
188476
4400
03:12
The problem is steel expands when hot.
43
192916
4560
03:17
This causes excessive sagging.
44
197476
3760
03:21
You probably have noticed that our power lines
45
201276
4000
03:25
droop on a hot summer day,
46
205276
3080
03:28
and that is why.
47
208396
1560
03:30
This sag caused its own set of challenges.
48
210596
4600
03:35
In the 1990s, advanced conductors emerged.
49
215236
3920
03:39
Instead of the steel core in the traditional conductors,
50
219196
4480
03:43
composite materials with lower thermal expansion,
51
223716
3080
03:46
such as a ceramic fiber composite or a glass carbon fiber composite,
52
226836
5120
03:51
are used to replace steel and reduce sag.
53
231956
4000
03:55
Unfortunately, our utility industry experience
54
235996
3440
03:59
with this group of first-generation advanced conductors
55
239476
4080
04:03
hasn't been positive.
56
243556
1600
04:05
They are known to be delicate, difficult to work with,
57
245196
4200
04:09
easy to break, with longevity concerns,
58
249436
2840
04:12
and they are also very expensive,
59
252316
2640
04:14
used for niche applications at best.
60
254996
3000
04:18
By 2016, TS technology was developed and commercially deployed.
61
258676
5960
04:24
We solved all the problems
62
264676
2320
04:26
associated with the first-generation advanced conductors,
63
266996
3280
04:30
at [their] source.
64
270276
1360
04:31
We designed in safety, reliability, longevity,
65
271676
4560
04:36
easy installation and maintenance from the start,
66
276236
3760
04:40
by leveraging effective protection for the pre-tensioned carbon core
67
280036
5680
04:45
with a continuous, seamless, thick aluminum sleeve
68
285716
4400
04:50
that is also fully conductive.
69
290156
2000
04:53
This technology shifted three conductor paradigms.
70
293396
3240
04:57
We can run this conductor at high temperatures
71
297836
4080
05:01
for very high ampacity,
72
301956
1640
05:03
without the conductor sagging problem,
73
303636
2600
05:06
because the carbon core has virtually no thermal expansion.
74
306276
3120
05:10
We also maximized the aluminum content in the conductor
75
310956
4320
05:15
for optimal ampacity ...
76
315316
1600
05:18
without the weight penalty in the conductor.
77
318356
3280
05:21
This is because the carbon composite core
78
321636
3040
05:24
was able to eliminate 80 percent of the weight of steel.
79
324676
3920
05:28
And we can also incorporate the annealed aluminum
80
328596
4000
05:32
for best conductivity in the conductor
81
332596
2240
05:34
without compromising on conductor strength,
82
334876
2920
05:37
because the carbon core is twice the strength of steel.
83
337836
4000
05:41
And furthermore, this solution is also corrosion-proof.
84
341836
4040
05:46
The heat-tolerant, sag-proof feature in this solution
85
346716
5400
05:52
makes it much better in terms of surviving wildfires
86
352156
4160
05:56
compared to traditional conductors.
87
356356
2560
05:58
The strong and compact design also makes it more resilient
88
358956
5040
06:04
against extreme wind or ice storms due to climate change.
89
364036
4720
06:10
Doing this, we can triple the line capacity
90
370676
4440
06:15
with the same structures in the power-line corridors.
91
375156
4280
06:19
At the same time, we can reduce line loss by 50 percent,
92
379476
4040
06:23
while essentially eliminating thermal sag.
93
383556
3520
06:27
And the best part is this technology comes with a green discount,
94
387116
5400
06:32
in addition to the green dividend
95
392556
2120
06:34
that's associated with line-loss reduction.
96
394716
2720
06:37
This saves the grid operators and their customers money from day one,
97
397476
5320
06:42
even though this advanced conductor has a modest premium
98
402836
3760
06:46
compared to traditional conductors.
99
406636
2200
06:48
Here's how.
100
408836
1360
06:50
When you build new transmission lines,
101
410196
2400
06:52
the cost of conductors in the overall project is very minor,
102
412636
5200
06:57
about a few percentage points,
103
417876
2280
07:00
but the cost associated with structure can be as much as 30 percent.
104
420156
5120
07:06
With the strong, less-sag TS conductor,
105
426716
3800
07:10
you can build these new lines with fewer and shorter structures,
106
430556
4880
07:15
creating substantial CapEx savings
107
435436
2560
07:18
that more than offset the modest premium associated with conductors.
108
438036
5320
07:23
There are numerous new transmission lines deploying TS technology
109
443396
5080
07:28
that can prove this point.
110
448516
2080
07:30
In reconductoring, we replace the wire but reuse the towers.
111
450636
5880
07:36
There's even better economics in that situation.
112
456556
3600
07:40
We can triple the line capacity without retrofitting any structures ...
113
460196
6160
07:47
for the lowest project cost.
114
467596
2920
07:50
If you were to use traditional conductors for reconductoring,
115
470556
3960
07:54
the required upgrade to the structure can be substantial.
116
474556
5400
07:59
Let me give you a real-world example.
117
479996
2960
08:02
In March 2021,
118
482996
2000
08:04
we reconductored an 11-mile, 230-kV transmission line in North Dakota.
119
484996
5240
08:10
The utility needed to increase line capacity
120
490276
2960
08:13
to accommodate wind farms in the area.
121
493276
2920
08:17
Traditional conductors, ACSS, [were] initially used,
122
497036
4840
08:21
which required an expensive and time-consuming structural retrofit
123
501876
4600
08:26
to 90 percent of the structures
124
506476
2280
08:28
because of excessive sagging.
125
508756
1960
08:31
When they later switched to the TS solution,
126
511516
2720
08:34
they were able to save 40 percent in total project CapEx,
127
514276
4520
08:38
because we avoided all the structural retrofit.
128
518836
3600
08:42
The project was completed 12 months ahead of schedule,
129
522476
3800
08:46
with 1.8 million dollars' CapEx savings.
130
526316
3320
08:51
Let's imagine what is possible if we thus upgraded our power grid
131
531196
6040
08:57
and its capacity around the world.
132
537276
2080
09:00
We could connect the renewable generation instantly,
133
540356
5280
09:05
versus the years-long wait that we're experiencing today.
134
545636
4880
09:10
No more bottlenecks holding back wind or solar projects.
135
550516
4920
09:16
We can electrify everything and meet the growing power demand
136
556436
4960
09:21
for electric vehicles, heat pumps,
137
561436
2840
09:24
industrial processes and data centers,
138
564276
3520
09:27
without grid reliability or transmission congestion constraints.
139
567796
4880
09:32
Here's a big one.
140
572676
1520
09:34
We can dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions
141
574236
3520
09:37
just with the reduced line-loss saving alone.
142
577796
4360
09:42
We can avoid as much as 500 million tons of greenhouse gas each year,
143
582156
6920
09:49
because we do not have to do as much compensatory generation.
144
589116
4560
09:54
Add to that the multigigaton opportunity,
145
594236
3600
09:57
if we are able to connect so much more solar and wind to the world's power grid.
146
597876
6760
10:06
You can make it happen.
147
606116
1840
10:09
For example, you can support legislation, policy-making and regulations
148
609076
6960
10:16
that require our utility companies to consider advanced conductors
149
616076
4400
10:20
in transmission, reliability, decarbonization
150
620516
3800
10:24
or grid-modernization planning,
151
624316
2520
10:26
while at the same time providing performance or other incentives
152
626876
4200
10:31
that are enabled by new technology like TS
153
631076
4040
10:35
so that they can improve grid performance by investing in this technology.
154
635156
5920
10:41
Conductors have a design life of 50 to 70 years.
155
641116
4840
10:45
Let's upgrade our power grid,
156
645996
2320
10:48
build it better for a clean energy future,
157
648356
3440
10:51
today.
158
651836
1240
10:53
We cannot afford to have another 50 to 70 years locked up
159
653076
5120
10:58
with century-old technology in our power grid.
160
658196
2640
11:02
I believe firmly that our power grid
161
662076
3600
11:05
can and should be the enabler for energy transition.
162
665676
4080
11:09
We have an opportunity to write that legacy.
163
669756
3000
11:12
We went from dial-up internet to 5G in a couple of decades.
164
672796
5720
11:18
We can do the same for our power grid.
165
678556
2600
11:21
We just need to start now,
166
681956
2280
11:24
with the right conductor technology available today.
167
684236
3680
11:28
Together, we can make a difference for humanity and for climate change.
168
688396
5040
11:33
Thank you.
169
693476
1240
11:34
(Applause)
170
694716
3400
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7