Basic English Grammar Course | Past Perfect Continuous Tense | Learn and Practice

Hi, everybody.

Hai semua.

I'm Esther.

Saya Esther.

In this video, I will introduce the past perfect continuous tense.

Dalam video ini, saya akan memperkenalkan past perfect continuous tense.

It's a great tense that helps you express an ongoing action

Ia adalah tegang yang hebat yang membantu anda menyatakan tindakan yang berterusan

in the past continuing up to another point in the past.

pada masa lalu yang berterusan sehingga satu titik lain pada masa lalu.

There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.

Banyak yang perlu dipelajari, jadi teruskan menonton.

One usage of the past perfect continuous tense is to talk about an ongoing action in the

Satu penggunaan past perfect continuous tense

adalah untuk bercakap tentang tindakan berterusan pada masa lalu

past that continued up to another point in the

yang berterusan sehingga satu titik pada masa lalu.

past.

You can use ‘for’ and a duration to talk about

Anda boleh menggunakan 'untuk' dan tempoh untuk bercakap tentang

how long that action was in progress.

tempoh tindakan itu sedang dijalankan.

Here are some examples.

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh.

‘I had been waiting for the bus for two hours before it arrived.’

'Saya telah menunggu bas

selama dua jam sebelum ia tiba.'

You'll notice that at the beginning.

Anda akan perasan bahawa pada mulanya.

Tak kisahlah subjek apa pun,

It doesn't matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘had been’.

kita ikut dengan 'had been'.

Sebagai contoh, 'Saya pernah',

For example, ‘I had been’, ‘Chuck had been’,

'Chuck pernah',

Dan 'Tom dan Kim pernah.'

And ‘Tom and Kim had been.’

Dan kemudian kita ikuti dengan kata kerja '-ing'.

And then we follow with the verb ‘-ing’.

‘waiting’.

'menunggu'.

‘I had been waiting.’

'Saya telah menunggu.'

Now this is the ongoing action that happened first.

Sekarang ini adalah tindakan berterusan yang berlaku dahulu.

Again, four and two hours shows the duration.

Sekali lagi, empat dan dua jam menunjukkan tempohnya.

The second part says, ‘it arrived’.

Bahagian kedua berkata, 'ia tiba'.

This verb is in the past simple tense.

Kata kerja ini dalam bentuk past simple tense.

Oleh itu, itu adalah tindakan kedua.

Therefore, that is the second action.

It's the action that this first action happened until this action happened,

Ia adalah tindakan yang tindakan pertama ini berlaku

sehingga tindakan ini berlaku,

so again, ‘I had been waiting for the bus,’ happened

jadi sekali lagi,

'Saya telah menunggu bas,' berlaku dahulu.

first.

And then, it happened until the bus arrived.

Dan kemudian, ia berlaku sehingga bas tiba.

‘Chuck had been cooking,’ Again, that part's easy.

'Chuck telah memasak,'

Sekali lagi, bahagian itu mudah.

No matter what’s the subject, we say ‘had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’.

Tidak kira apa subjeknya,

kita sebut 'telah' dan kemudian kata kerja '-ing'.

Again, I can show how long Chuck had been cooking by saying ‘for an hour’, showing

Sekali lagi, saya boleh menunjukkan berapa lama

Chuck telah memasak dengan menyebut 'selama satu jam',

the duration.

menunjukkan tempohnya.

And then, I finished by saying, ‘before he finished’.

Dan kemudian, saya selesai dengan berkata, 'sebelum dia selesai'.

He had been cooking up to this point in the past.

Dia telah memasak sehingga ke tahap ini pada masa lalu.

Finally, ‘Tom and Kim had been walking,’ This part should be familiar to you by now,

Akhirnya, 'Tom dan Kim telah berjalan,'

Bahagian ini sepatutnya sudah biasa kepada anda sekarang,

‘for an hour’ Again, that shows duration.

'selama satu jam'

Sekali lagi, itu menunjukkan tempoh.

‘before they rested.’

'sebelum mereka berehat.'

So they had been walking for an hour before they took a break.

Jadi mereka telah berjalan selama sejam

sebelum mereka berehat.

Before they rested.

Sebelum mereka berehat.

Let's move on.

Jom teruskan.

Past perfect continuous tense juga digunakan untuk menyatakan

The past perfect continuous tense is also used to express cause and effect in the

sebab dan akibat pada masa lalu.

past.

The verb that's in the past perfect continuous tense shows the cause,

Kata kerja yang dalam lampau perfect continuous tense

menunjukkan sebab, mengapa sesuatu berlaku.

why something happened.

We can use ‘because’ or ‘so’ to show the cause and effect.

Kita boleh menggunakan 'kerana' atau 'begitu'

untuk menunjukkan sebab dan akibat.

Here, I'll explain.

Di sini, saya akan menerangkan.

‘Jason was tired because he had been jogging.’

'Jason penat kerana dia berjoging.'

The first part of the sentence is in the past tense.

Bahagian pertama ayat adalah dalam bentuk lampau.

‘Jason was tired,’ However, we see ‘why?’

'Jason penat,'

Namun, kita nampak 'kenapa?'

Well, because, ‘he had been jogging’.

Nah, kerana, 'dia telah berjoging'.

Bahagian kedua ayat ini adalah

The second part of this sentence is in the past perfect continuous tense.

dalam past perfect continuous tense.

‘he had been’, remember no matter what the subject,

'dia telah',

ingat tidak kira apa subjek,

we follow with ‘had been’ and jogging – ‘verb -ing’.

kita ikut dengan 'telah' dan berjoging - 'kata kerja -ing'.

‘he had been jogging’ This shows why Jason was tired.

'dia telah berjoging'

Ini menunjukkan mengapa Jason letih.

The next sentence says, ‘The pavement’ or it ‘was wet because

Ayat seterusnya berkata,

'Turapan' atau

'basah kerana hujan.'

it had been raining.’

Similar to the first sentence, ‘it had been raining’ shows the cause.

Sama seperti ayat pertama,

'hujan' menunjukkan puncanya.

Why was the pavement wet?

Mengapa turapan itu basah?

‘The pavement was wet because it had been raining.’

'Turapan itu basah kerana hujan.'

Dalam ayat ini, kita nampak sedikit perbezaan.

In this sentence, we see a little difference.

‘The children had been playing’ Again, this is the past perfect continuous

'Kanak-kanak tadi bermain'

Sekali lagi, ini adalah past perfect continuous tense.

tense.

‘had been playing’ The second part says, ‘the room was a mess’.

'telah bermain'

Bahagian kedua berkata, 'bilik itu kucar-kacir'.

So here, instead of ‘because’ like the first two sentences,

Jadi di sini, daripada 'kerana'

seperti dua ayat pertama, saya menggunakan 'jadi'.

I used ‘so’.

So the order has been changed but the meaning is the same.

Jadi susunannya telah diubah tetapi maksudnya adalah sama.

This, ‘the children had been playing’ is why the room was a mess.

Ini, 'kanak-kanak tadi bermain'

adalah mengapa bilik itu menjadi kucar-kacir.

This is the cause and this is the effect.

Inilah punca dan inilah kesannya.

Jom teruskan.

Let's move on.

Now let's go into the negative form of the past perfect continuous tense.

Sekarang mari kita masuk ke dalam bentuk negatif past

perfect continuous tense.

Here are some examples.

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh.

‘I had not been working for a day before I quit.’

'Saya tidak bekerja selama sehari sebelum saya berhenti.'

So no matter what the subject ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘she’, or ‘it’,

Jadi tidak kira apa subjek 'saya', 'anda', 'dia' atau 'ia',

just like in the affirmative, we say ‘had’, but after the ‘had’, in the negative form,

sama seperti dalam afirmatif, kita katakan 'ada',

tetapi selepas 'ada',

dalam bentuk negatif, kita tambah ' bukan'.

we add ‘not’. ‘had not’

'tidak mempunyai'

‘had not’ or you can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.

'tidak mempunyai'

atau anda boleh menggunakan kontraksi 'tidak'.

Which is a combination of ‘had’ and ‘not’ together.

Iaitu gabungan 'ada' dan 'tidak' bersama.

‘I had not been working’ The rest of the sentence is the same.

'Saya tidak bekerja'

Selebihnya ayat itu sama.

‘been + verb -ing’ ‘I had not been working for a day before

'been + verb -ing'

'Saya tidak bekerja selama sehari sebelum saya berhenti.'

I quit.’

The next sentence says, ‘You had not been cutting onions for long

Ayat seterusnya berkata,

'Kamu sudah lama tidak memotong bawang sebelum kamu menangis.'

before you cried.’

Again, the ‘not’ goes between ‘had’ and ‘been’.

Sekali lagi, 'tidak' berada di antara 'telah' dan 'sudah'.

‘She hadn't been studying for long when she fell asleep.’

'Dia sudah lama tidak belajar apabila dia tertidur.'

Here, we have the contraction.

Di sini, kita mempunyai penguncupan.

Dan akhirnya,

And finally, ‘It hadn't been snowing for long when it

'Sudah lama tidak turun salji apabila ia berhenti.'

stopped.’

Again, we have the contraction for ‘had not’ here.

Sekali lagi, kami mempunyai penguncupan untuk 'tidak mempunyai' di sini.

You'll notice that in the first two sentences, I used ‘before’.

Anda akan perasan bahawa dalam dua ayat pertama,

saya menggunakan 'sebelum'.

And in the last two, I used ‘when’.

Dan dalam dua yang terakhir, saya menggunakan 'bila'.

Either one can be used to show when the first action stopped.

Mana-mana satu boleh digunakan untuk menunjukkan apabila tindakan pertama berhenti.

Let's move on.

Jom teruskan.

Sekarang mari kita pergi ke cara membentuk soalan asas

Now let's go into how to form basic questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

dalam past perfect continuous tense.

Here is the first example.

Inilah contoh pertama.

‘He had been driving all day before he arrived.’

'Dia telah memandu sepanjang hari sebelum dia tiba.'

Now, to turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the first

Sekarang, untuk mengubahnya menjadi soalan,

kita hanya perlu menukar susunan dua perkataan pertama.

two words.

Instead of ‘He had’, now I can say, ‘Had he’, in order to form a question.

Daripada 'Dia ada', kini saya boleh berkata, 'Ada dia',

untuk membentuk soalan.

‘Had he been driving all day before he arrived?’

'Adakah dia memandu sepanjang hari sebelum dia tiba?'

The next sentence says, ‘The dog had been barking because it was

Ayat seterusnya berkata,

'Anjing itu menyalak kerana takut.'

scared.’

In this case, the subject is ‘The dog’.

Dalam kes ini, subjeknya ialah 'Anjing'.

And then we follow with ‘had’.

Dan kemudian kami mengikuti dengan 'had'.

Untuk mengubahnya menjadi soalan, sekali lagi, kami menukar pesanan.

To turn this into a question, again, we switch the order.

‘Had the dog been barking because it was scared?’

'Adakah anjing itu menyalak kerana takut?'

Anda akan perasan bahawa dalam soalan itu,

You'll notice that in the question, the rest of the words stay in the same place.

perkataan lain kekal di tempat yang sama.

Sekarang, dalam soalan pertama,

Now, in the first question, we're asking how long an action happened,

kami bertanya berapa lama tindakan itu berlaku,

or how long it was ongoing in the past.

atau berapa lama tindakan itu berterusan pada masa lalu.

And in this question, we ask about cause and effect.

Dan dalam soalan ini,

kami bertanya tentang sebab dan akibat.

Let's move on.

Jom teruskan.

Now, I'll introduce how to form WH questions in the past perfect continuous tense.

Sekarang, saya akan memperkenalkan cara membentuk soalan WH

dalam past perfect continuous tense.

Take a look at these examples.

Lihatlah contoh-contoh ini.

You'll notice that they all start with a WH word.

Anda akan perasan bahawa semuanya bermula dengan perkataan WH.

Why, where, what, and who.

Mengapa, di mana, apa, dan siapa.

You might also have noticed that after we have ‘had’.

Anda juga mungkin perasan bahawa selepas kita telah 'mempunyai'.

‘Why had’ ‘Where had’

'Why had'

'Where had' 'What had' dan 'Who had'

‘What had’ and ‘Who had’

Dalam soalan pertama,

In the first question, after that comes the subject.

selepas itu datang subjek.

‘Why had you’ And then ‘been + verb -ing’

'Why had you'

Dan kemudian 'been + verb -ing'

Dan itulah corak yang sama yang kami ikuti

And that's the same pattern we follow for all of these sentences.

untuk semua ayat ini.

So ‘Why had you been studying so much?’

Jadi 'Mengapa anda belajar begitu banyak?'

I can answer by saying, ‘I had been studying so much because I have

Saya boleh menjawab dengan berkata,

'Saya telah belajar begitu banyak kerana saya mempunyai ujian.'

a test.’

‘Where had you been traveling before you came here?’

'Ke mana anda telah melancong sebelum anda datang ke sini?'

I can say, ‘I had been traveling through Asia.’

Saya boleh berkata, 'Saya telah mengembara melalui Asia.'

‘What had they been playing before they played soccer?’

'Apakah yang mereka mainkan sebelum mereka bermain bola sepak?'

Saya boleh menjawab, 'Mereka telah bermain besbol.'

I can answer, ‘They had been playing baseball.’

And finally, ‘Who had she been talking to before she

Dan akhirnya,

'Siapa yang dia bercakap sebelum dia meninggalkan rumah?'

left home?’

I can answer, ‘She had been talking to her boyfriend.’

Saya boleh menjawab, 'Dia telah bercakap dengan teman lelakinya.'

Let's move on.

Jom teruskan.

Mari kita mulakan pemeriksaan untuk past perfect continuous tense.

Let's start a checkup for the past perfect continuous tense.

Take a look at the first sentence.

Tengok ayat pertama.

It says, ‘They __ for a long time before they went home.’

Ia berkata, 'Mereka __ lama sebelum mereka pulang.'

Try to fill in the blank with the verb ‘work’ in this tense.

Cuba isi tempat kosong dengan kata kerja 'kerja' dalam kala ini.

Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow the subject with ‘had been’.

Ingat, tidak kira apa subjek,

kita mengikut subjek dengan 'telah'.

So we say, ‘They had been’.

Jadi kami berkata, 'Mereka telah menjadi'.

What happens to the verb?

Apa yang berlaku kepada kata kerja?

Remember, we add ‘-ing’.

Ingat, kami menambah '-ing'.

So the sentence is, ‘They had been working for a long time before they went home.’

Jadi ayatnya,

'Mereka telah bekerja untuk masa yang lama

sebelum mereka pulang.'

Now, take a look at the second sentence.

Sekarang, lihat ayat kedua.

I want you to use the negative.

Saya mahu anda menggunakan negatif.

‘I __ TV for a year before I started again.’

'Saya __ TV selama setahun sebelum saya memulakan semula.'

Remember, the negative form for this tense starts with the subject

Ingat, bentuk negatif untuk kala ini

bermula dengan subjek dan kemudian 'belum pernah'.

and then ‘had not been’.

Or I can use the contraction ‘hadn't’.

Atau saya boleh menggunakan kontraksi 'tidak'.

‘I hadn't been’ And then again, verb ‘-ing’.

'Saya tidak pernah'

Dan sekali lagi, kata kerja '-ing'.

‘I hadn't been watching TV for a year before I started again.’

'Saya tidak menonton TV selama setahun

sebelum saya memulakan semula.'

Now, try to find the mistake in this next sentence.

Sekarang, cuba cari kesilapan dalam ayat seterusnya ini.

‘Gina and I hadn't been do any work before we started.’

'Gina dan saya tidak pernah melakukan apa-apa kerja sebelum kami bermula.'

What's the error?

Apakah kesilapannya?

You'll notice that the verb does not have an ‘-ing’.

Anda akan perasan bahawa kata kerja itu tidak mempunyai '-ing'.

To make the sentence correct, we must say, ‘Gina and I hadn't been doing

Untuk membuat ayat yang betul,

kita mesti berkata,

'Gina dan saya tidak melakukan apa-apa kerja sebelum kita mula.'

any work before we started.’

Now, find the mistake here.

Sekarang, cari kesilapan di sini.

‘He had be watching YouTube because he had some free time.’

'Dia telah menonton YouTube

kerana dia mempunyai masa lapang.'

‘He had’, that's correct, but we need to change ‘be’ to been’.

'Dia ada', itu betul,

tetapi kita perlu menukar 'menjadi' menjadi'.

And ‘watching’ is correct.

Dan 'menonton' adalah betul. Jadi,

So, ‘He had been watching YouTube because he had some free time.’

'Dia telah menonton YouTube

kerana dia mempunyai masa lapang.'

Let's move on.

Jom teruskan.

Now, let's move on to another checkup of the past perfect continuous tense.

Sekarang, mari kita beralih kepada satu lagi pemeriksaan

masa lampau perfect continuous tense.

Take a look at the first example.

Lihatlah contoh pertama.

It says, ‘The company __ employees because they worked hard.’

Ia berkata, 'Syarikat itu __ pekerja

kerana mereka bekerja keras.'

Use the verb ‘promote’ in the past perfect continuous tense.

Gunakan kata kerja 'promote' dalam past perfect continuous tense.

Remember, no matter what the subject, we follow with ‘had been’.

Ingat, tidak kira apa subjek,

kita ikut dengan 'telah'.

Jadi kita katakan, 'Syarikat itu telah' dan kemudian kata kerja '-ing',

So we say, ‘The company had been’ and then verb ‘-ing’, so ‘promoting’.

jadi 'mempromosikan'.

‘The company had been promoting employees because they worked hard.’

'Syarikat itu telah mempromosikan pekerja

kerana mereka bekerja keras.'

The next example says, ‘I __ your emails for a while because they went to the spam

Contoh seterusnya berkata,

'Saya __ e-mel anda untuk seketika

kerana ia pergi ke folder spam.'

folder.’

Here, try to use the negative form with the verb ‘get’.

Di sini, cuba gunakan bentuk negatif

dengan kata kerja 'dapat'.

Remember, in the negative form, we say ‘had not been getting’

Ingat, dalam bentuk negatif,

kita katakan 'tidak mendapat'

Atau penguncupan 'tidak mendapat'.

Or the contraction ‘hadn't been getting’.

‘I hadn't been getting your emails for a while because they went to the spam folder.’

'Saya telah lama tidak menerima e-mel anda

kerana ia pergi ke folder spam.'

Now look for the mistake in the next sentence.

Sekarang cari kesilapan dalam ayat seterusnya.

‘I had been work a lot because I needed the money.’

'Saya telah banyak bekerja kerana saya memerlukan wang itu.'

What's the mistake?

apa silapnya?

Remember, we need to add ‘-ing’ to the verb.

Ingat, kita perlu menambah '-ing' pada kata kerja.

‘I had been working a lot because I needed the money.’

'Saya telah banyak bekerja kerana saya memerlukan wang itu.'

The last sentence says, ‘He has been smoking because he was stressed.’

Ayat terakhir mengatakan,

'Dia telah merokok kerana dia tertekan.'

Can you find the mistake?

Bolehkah anda mencari kesilapan?

Remember, we're practicing the past perfect continuous.

Ingat, kami sedang mengamalkan past perfect berterusan.

In this case, we need ‘had’ after the subject, not ‘has’.

Dalam kes ini, kita perlu 'mempunyai' selepas subjek, bukan 'mempunyai'.

Great job, everyone.

Kerja yang bagus, semua orang. Jom teruskan.

Let's move on.

Selamat belajar satu lagi tegang tatabahasa bahasa Inggeris yang sukar.

Good job learning another difficult English grammar tense.

The past perfect continuous can be tricky, but with time and practice, you will get better.

Kesinambungan masa lalu yang sempurna boleh menjadi rumit,

tetapi dengan masa dan latihan,

anda akan menjadi lebih baik.

English is not always easy, but always do your best and never give up.

Bahasa Inggeris tidak selalunya mudah,

tetapi sentiasa lakukan yang terbaik dan jangan berputus asa.

I'll see you in the next video.

Jumpa lagi dalam video seterusnya.