Practice Present Perfect Tense | English Grammar Course #6 | CheckUp

138,006 views ใƒป 2020-01-15

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi, everyone. I'm Esther.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” ์—์Šค๋”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
We're now doing a checkup for the present perfect tense.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
We're going to do a lot of practice questions,
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€
00:08
so let's get started.
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๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
For this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š”
ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Which describes an action that happened at
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—
00:19
an unknown or indefinite time in the past.
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๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:22
Let's look at the first sentence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
โ€˜She _blank_ read that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ _blank_ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
00:28
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'she'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
For he/she/it, in this tense we say, โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ/๊ทธ๋…€/๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ 'has'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
โ€˜She hasโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Now, take a look at the verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
It looks like โ€˜readโ€™.
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'์ฝ๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
But remember we need to use the past participle of the verb.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
00:47
So It's actually โ€˜readโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” '์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค'.
00:49
โ€˜readโ€™ and โ€˜readโ€™ are spelled the same.
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'์ฝ๋‹ค'์™€ '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
โ€˜She has read that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
00:55
The second sentence says, โ€˜They _blank_ visit China.โ€™
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ _blank_ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
โ€˜visitโ€™ is the verb that you want to use here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™. Not โ€˜hasโ€™.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š”
'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
โ€˜They haveโ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค'
01:11
Now, what's the past participle of visit?
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์ž, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:15
The answer is โ€˜visitedโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ'์ด๋‹ค.
01:17
โ€˜They have visited China.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:22
Next, โ€˜We _blank_ see that concert.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ _blank_ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:26
Again, for โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™ โ€“ we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', ์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์—๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
โ€˜We haveโ€™. Now, the past participle of โ€˜seeโ€™ is 'seen'.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ 'see'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'seen'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
โ€˜We have seen that concert.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
01:42
Now, let's look for the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:46
โ€˜Rick have been to Cuba.โ€™
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'๋ฆญ์€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
01:49
Take a look at the subject, โ€˜Rickโ€™.
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'๋ฆญ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋ฆญ์€ '๊ทธ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Rick is a โ€˜heโ€™.
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01:54
So instead of โ€˜haveโ€™, we need to change this to โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'have' ๋Œ€์‹ ์— 'has'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
โ€˜Rick has been to Cuba.โ€™
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'๋ฆญ์€ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.'
02:04
โ€˜Sally and I hasn't finished work.โ€™
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'์ƒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ผ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:08
The subject in this sentence is โ€˜Sallyโ€™ and โ€˜Iโ€™.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” 'Sally'์™€ 'I'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
The pronoun for that is โ€˜weโ€™.
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์ด๋‹ค.
02:15
โ€˜We hasn't finished work.โ€™
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'์•„์ง ์ผ์ด ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด.'
02:18
That still sounds weird, right?
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์•„์ง๋„ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
02:21
We have to change this to โ€˜have notโ€™ or the contraction โ€˜haven'tโ€™.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 'have not' ๋˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• 'haven't'
๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:28
And finally, โ€˜I did go to the doctor.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด '๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
02:32
Now this sentence makes sense, but it's not the present perfect tense.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
We have to change it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Remember, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ for the subject, โ€˜Iโ€™.
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'I'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์—๋Š” 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:44
But we're not done.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
What is the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™?
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'go'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:52
It is โ€˜goneโ€™.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ”์–ด'.
02:54
โ€˜I have gone to the doctor.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.'
02:57
Great job. Let's move on to the next checkup.
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์ž˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
In this checkup, we'll talk about the present perfect tense
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š”
ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ,
03:04
and how it can be used to describe an action that started in the past and is still true today.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:11
The first sentence says, โ€˜I _blank_ known Carly since 1994.โ€™
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” 1994๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Carly๋ฅผ _๊ณต๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ_ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
03:17
The subject is โ€˜Iโ€™.
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '๋‚˜'์ด๋‹ค.
03:19
And we already have the past participle of the verb, โ€˜knowโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ 'know'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Which is โ€˜knownโ€™.
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'์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฒƒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
What are we missing?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:27
The correct answer is โ€˜haveโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '๊ฐ–๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
For โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ and โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™ after the subject.
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'๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์— 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
03:38
โ€˜He has been here _blank_ 2 p.m.โ€™
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'He has been here _blank_ 2 pm' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:42
Now the first part is all there.
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. ์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
โ€˜He has beenโ€™.
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค'.
03:47
However, remember that for the present perfect tense,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:50
we use โ€˜forโ€™ or โ€˜sinceโ€™ to talk about how long that action has been true.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'for'๋‚˜ 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:56
In this case, we use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
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์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Because 2 p.m. is a specific period in time.
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์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Next it says, โ€˜She _blank_ liked Tom since June.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Tom์„ _blank_ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
The subject is โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
And we have the past participle of the verb โ€˜likeโ€™, which is 'liked'.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'like'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'like'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
.
04:18
What are we missing?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:19
Again, we need โ€˜haveโ€™ or โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'have' ๋˜๋Š” 'has'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'she'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—...
04:23
Because the subject is โ€˜sheโ€™...
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04:25
Can you figure out which one you need?
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์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:28
The correct answer is โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์žˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
โ€˜She has liked Tom since June.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 6์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ†ฐ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.'
04:35
Now, I want you to find a mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
โ€˜I have worked here six months ago.โ€™
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'์ €๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
04:44
Can you find a mistake here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:46
โ€˜I have workedโ€™ - that's correct.
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค' - ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
However, in the present perfect tense, we don't use โ€˜agoโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” '์ „'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
This is talking about more the past.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
We want to talk about โ€˜sinceโ€™ or โ€˜forโ€™ instead.
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๋Œ€์‹  '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋‚˜ '~์„ ์œ„ํ•ด'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
Now โ€˜six monthsโ€™ is not a specific time. So we don't use โ€˜sinceโ€™.
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์ด์ œ '6๊ฐœ์›”'์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋ถ€ํ„ฐ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Instead, we talk about the duration. So we need โ€˜forโ€™.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'for'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
We'll say, โ€˜I have worked here for six months.โ€™
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Let's take a look at the next sentence.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
โ€˜Jen have a cold for two weeks.โ€™
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'์  ์€ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.'
05:26
At first glance, this doesn't seem that wrong.
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์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
But remember, Jen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. Jen์€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
So we need โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'has'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์  ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”'.
05:35
โ€˜Jen hasโ€™.
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05:37
But wait a minute, โ€˜Jen has have a coldโ€™?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”, '์  ์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ ์š”?
05:41
That's not right either.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
We need the past participle of โ€˜haveโ€™.
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'have'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
What is the past participle?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
05:48
The correct answer is โ€˜hadโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
โ€˜Jen has had a cold for two weeks.โ€™
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'Jen์€ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
05:56
And finally, โ€˜We haven't went home since Friday.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:01
This one is a little tricky.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ข€ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
The subject is โ€˜weโ€™.
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋‹ค.
06:05
โ€˜We have... have notโ€™. That's correct.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”... ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
The contraction is โ€˜haven'tโ€™. โ€˜We haven'tโ€™.
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์€ '์•Š์•˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
06:12
Now the problem is, we have this verb โ€˜wentโ€™.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” 'went'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
That's in the past simple tense.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
We need the past participle of โ€˜goโ€™.
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'go'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
The correct answer is โ€˜goneโ€™.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ '์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
โ€˜We haven't gone home since Friday.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:31
Good job, guys. Let's move on to the next checkup.
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์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ ๊ฒ€์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
In this checkup, we'll take a look at the present perfect tense.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ ๊ฒ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And how it is used to describe an action that finished recently.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
We'll be focusing on the words, โ€˜justโ€™, โ€˜alreadyโ€™ and โ€˜recentlyโ€™ to show this.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
'just', 'already', 'recently'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:48
Let's take a look at the first sentence.
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. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
โ€˜She has just _blank_ that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ _blank_ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
06:54
And we're using the verb, โ€˜readโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์ฝ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋…€'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Remember, we take the subject, โ€˜sheโ€™.
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07:00
And for โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™ and โ€˜itโ€™, we say โ€˜hasโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๊ทธ', '๊ทธ๋…€', '๊ทธ๊ฒƒ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 'has'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
So that's correct.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Now we need the past participle of โ€˜readโ€™.
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์ด์ œ 'read'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
And that is โ€˜readโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '์ฝ๊ธฐ'์ด๋‹ค.
07:13
โ€˜She has just read that book.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
07:16
You'll notice I use the word, โ€˜justโ€™ right before the past participle.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์—
'just'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
Next it says, โ€˜They have alreadyโ€™ and the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
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. ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
If the subject is โ€˜heโ€™, โ€˜sheโ€™, or โ€˜itโ€™, we use โ€˜hasโ€™.
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ 'he', 'she', 'it'์ด๋ฉด 'has'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
But if the subject is โ€˜Iโ€™, โ€˜youโ€™, โ€˜weโ€™ or โ€˜theyโ€™, we use โ€˜haveโ€™.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜', '๋„ˆ', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ', '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด๋ฉด 'have'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
So that's correct. โ€˜They haveโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๊ทธ๋“ค์€'.
07:41
Also we have the word โ€˜alreadyโ€™ here to show that it happened recently
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ
๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋๋‚ฌ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
07:46
or that it finished recently.
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'already'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:49
Now the verb is โ€˜wake upโ€™.
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. ์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
We need the past participle of โ€˜wake upโ€™,
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'๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ,
07:55
and that is โ€˜woken upโ€™.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด '๊นจ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
So the answer is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
08:02
โ€˜They have already woken up.โ€™
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค'์ด๋‹ค.
08:05
The next sentence says,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
08:07
โ€˜We have recently _blank_ work.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— _blank_ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
๋ผ๊ณ  ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์™„๋ฃŒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
And the verb is โ€˜finishโ€™.
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08:13
โ€˜We haveโ€™, that's correct.
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
์ž‘์—…์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”
08:16
And we have the word 'recently' to show when the action finished.
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'์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ 'finish' ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
And now we need to find the past participle of the verb โ€˜finishโ€™.
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08:24
The correct answer is.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
โ€˜We have recently finished, -ed, work.โ€™
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋งˆ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
08:33
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:38
โ€˜Morty has eaten just.โ€™
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'๋ชจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
08:41
This sounds a little strange, right?
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์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ ?
08:44
That's because โ€˜justโ€™ needs to come before the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'just'๊ฐ€ ์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:49
Therefore, the answer is โ€˜Morty has just eaten.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '๋ชจํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
The next sentence says, โ€˜Karen has recently be sick.โ€™
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
'Karen์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•„ํ”„๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Karen is a โ€˜sheโ€™.
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์นด๋ Œ์€ '๊ทธ๋…€'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
So โ€˜hasโ€™ is correct.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '์žˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
And there we have โ€˜recentlyโ€™.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์ตœ๊ทผ'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
Now we need the past participle of the verb.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
โ€˜beโ€™ is our verb and the past participle of โ€˜beโ€™ is โ€˜beenโ€™.
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'be'๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  'be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” 'been'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
โ€˜Karen has recently been sick.โ€™
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'Karen์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์•„ํŒ ์–ด์š”.'
09:21
And finally, โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ '์ด๋ฏธ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๋‹ค๋…€์™”์–ด์š”.'
09:26
This is similar to another question we looked at just before.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง์ „์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
โ€˜I have gone already to the dentist.โ€™
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์–ด.'
09:34
The placement of โ€˜alreadyโ€™ is a little awkward.
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'๋ฒŒ์จ'์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
09:39
So we can say, โ€˜I have already gone.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
So we can put โ€˜alreadyโ€™ before the verb,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'already'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
09:46
โ€˜I have already gone to the dentistโ€™
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'I have been been to the doctor'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• 
09:49
Or we can put this at the end,
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์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋™์‚ฌ ๋์—
09:53
โ€˜I have gone to the dentist already.โ€™
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'I have go to thedental done'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Both of those are correct.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
Now, good job.
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์ž, ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:00
That is the end of the checkup.
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์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒ€์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
Let's move on.
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:03
Excellent job, everyone.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
10:05
You just learned about the present perfect tense.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
There was a lot to learn, but you did a wonderful job.
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Keep studying English.
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:12
I know that It's hard, but you will get better with time, effort and practice.
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์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ, ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
I'll see you in the next video.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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