Quantifiers - Amount, Number, Little, Less, Few, Fewer, etc.| English Grammar | B1-Intermediate

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2024-11-29 ใƒป Anglo-Link


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Quantifiers - Amount, Number, Little, Less, Few, Fewer, etc.| English Grammar | B1-Intermediate

1,502 views ใƒป 2024-11-29

Anglo-Link


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:04
[Music]
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Hello and welcome everyone to this lessonย  where we're going to answer a new questionย ย 
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[์Œ์•…]
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
I have received and the question is from Karim.ย  He says: I hear a lot of native speakers sayย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ Karim์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋งŽ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด
00:19
'amount of people' instead of 'number of people'ย  and 'less people' instead of 'fewer people'. Areย ย 
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'์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜' ๋Œ€์‹  '์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์–‘'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ' ์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ' ๋Œ€์‹  '์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
these correct? So, the question brings us to theย  topic of quantifiers, like 'amount' and 'less',ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋‚˜์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๊ธˆ์•ก', '์ ์Œ'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ž ์ฃผ์ œ์™€
00:36
and uncountable-uncountable nouns, in this case:ย  people. So, let's do a quick review of all ofย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ(์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
00:44
these points starting with quantifiers withย  countable and uncountable nouns. So, I've madeย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:52
a little list here for you so you can see veryย  clearly which ones you can use with which group.ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์€ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
As you can see, for countable nouns, these areย  the words: many, few, a few, fewer - that's theย ย 
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์Œ, ์†Œ์ˆ˜, ์†Œ์ˆ˜, ์†Œ์ˆ˜ -
01:09
comparative - fewest (superlative), and then someย  expressions, like 'several' and 'a number of'. Forย ย 
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๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰ - ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์Œ(์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ' ๋ฐ 'a number of'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
uncountable nouns, the equivalent words are: much,ย  little, a little, less - the comparative formย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: much, little, a little, less - ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰
01:27
of little - least - the super relative form ofย  little - and then the expressions you can use are:ย ย 
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ํ˜•์‹ - little - less - little์˜ ์ดˆ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ˜• - ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:34
a quantity of and an amount of. And then there areย  some words, thankfully, that can be used for both,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
for example: a lot of and lots of can be used bothย  for countable and uncountable nouns. And negativeย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด lot of์™€ much of๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ
01:51
expressions, like: no, any, none + some, enough.ย  And then the comparative and superlative formsย ย 
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ • ํ‘œํ˜„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ „ํ˜€, ์—†์Œ + ์ผ๋ถ€, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ
01:58
are: more and most, and also the words 'half'ย  and 'all'. So, I think this is a good kind ofย ย 
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๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋” ๋งŽ์€, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„, ๋‹จ์–ด '์ ˆ๋ฐ˜' ๊ณผ '๋ชจ๋‘'. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:05
table to have in mind when you need to decideย  which quantifiers to use with each group. So,ย ย 
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๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ข‹์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ‘œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ,
02:15
that's one part of the question Karim asked.ย  Now the other question, therefore is 'people'.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์นด๋ฆผ์ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Is that a countable noun or an uncountable noun?ย  Because, of course, when we talk about a countableย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ
02:29
noun, we expect to be able to put an 's' on it,ย  right? Countable: one something - two somethings:ย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์— 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ  . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ: ํ•œ ๊ถŒ - ๋‘ ๊ถŒ:
02:36
one book - two books, three books. one studentย  - two students - three students. So 'people'? Isย ย 
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์ฑ… ํ•œ ๊ถŒ - ์ฑ… ๋‘ ๊ถŒ, ์ฑ… ์„ธ ๊ถŒ. ํ•™์ƒ ํ•œ ๋ช… - ํ•™์ƒ ๋‘ ๋ช… - ํ•™์ƒ ์„ธ ๋ช…. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ '์‚ฌ๋žŒ'?
02:43
that one or many? Well, this brings us to theย  tricky 'countable and and uncountable nouns',ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด '์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ'๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ,
02:51
and for countable nouns, what makes them trickyย  is the irregular plurals. And 'people' is one ofย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์‚ฌ๋žŒ'๋„ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:58
them. 'people' is the plural form of 'person'. Theย  word 'persons' exists, but it's used uncommonlyย ย 
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. '์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์€ '์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:09
in very kind of technical situations. The real,ย  the everyday, plural of 'person' is 'people'. Andย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์˜ ์‹ค์ œ, ์ผ์ƒ์ , ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ '์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:19
the same with words, plural words like: men,ย  women, children, teeth, feet, sheep, fish,ย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด, ๋‚จ์„ฑ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด, ์น˜์•„, ๋ฐœ, ์–‘, ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ
03:27
and series. Again, this list is not comprehensive,ย  but these are the ones that I hear most mistakesย ย 
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๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:33
with. That's why they are in my list here.ย  So therefore, and then of course, you haveย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ
03:40
the uncountable nouns. I've listed them here asย  well, and they're tricky because they're usuallyย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๋‚˜์—ดํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:46
countable in other languages. So coming from yourย  own language, you want to put 's' on information;ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด์— 's'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
you want to make it plural: one information - twoย  informations. English has these idiosyncrasies,ย ย 
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ •๋ณด - ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋ณด. ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
and again, these words that I have listed here areย  the common ones that trap you or catch you out.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜์—ดํ•œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ํ•จ์ •์— ๋น ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ™์žก๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
So: money, news, information, advice, equipment,ย  furniture, feedback, software, and hardware.ย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ๋ˆ, ๋‰ด์Šค, ์ •๋ณด, ์กฐ์–ธ, ์žฅ๋น„, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ, ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ, ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด, ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
Remember these ones. So therefore, we alreadyย  know the answer to Karim's question. 'people' isย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ Karim์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์‚ฌ๋žŒ'์€
04:25
plural; it's countable, and therefore we must useย  'number of people' and 'fewer people'. That's theย ย 
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ '์ธ์›์ˆ˜'์™€ '์ ์€ ์ธ์›'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
04:35
grammatically correct answer. Therefore, 'amountย  of people' and 'less people' are grammaticallyย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'amount of people'๊ณผ 'less people'์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:41
wrong. However - there's always a however - thisย  has become a very very common mistake with nativeย ย 
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ - ํ•ญ์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ - ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:50
speakers. I think it started in the States again,ย  but now all the British people around me also useย ย 
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. ๋˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋‹ค
04:58
'amount' and 'less' also for countable nouns, andย  when a common native speaker [mistake} becomes soย ย 
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'amount'์™€ 'less'๋ฅผ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ํ”ํ•œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ [mistake}๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด
05:06
widespread, it becomes acceptable, but itย  only becomes acceptable and not a mistakeย ย 
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๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง€๋ฉด ์šฉ๋‚ฉ์ด ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
05:13
anymore in informal spoken English. My adviceย  would be for your own usage to keep it to theย ย 
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๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋งŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์กฐ์–ธ์€
05:21
grammatically correct version. Use 'number' andย  'few' with countable nouns, but don't be surprisedย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ 'number'์™€ 'few'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. '
05:30
or think Oh, I've got it all wrong.' if you hear aย  native speaker saying 'amount of people', 'amountย ย 
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์•„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด '์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜', '
05:35
of children', 'amount of books', whatever, orย  less, less problems: I've had less problems today.ย ย 
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ ์ˆ˜', '์ฑ…์˜ ์–‘' ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
Really, as you can see, when I say that, I kind ofย  cringe because it sounds so grammatically wrong,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข€ ์›€์ธ ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ
05:53
but it's now acceptable. Now, so Karim's questionย  has been answered but I thought while we're on theย ย 
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ Karim ๋‹˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
05:59
topic of quantifiers, I would mention two commonย  mistakes that non-native speakers, like myself,ย ย 
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์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €
06:07
make or are likely to make. A first one, a veryย  important one that I keep talking about in manyย ย 
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์ง€๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ €์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:15
lessons, is mixing up the words 'few' and 'aย  few', and 'little' and 'a little'. So, rememberย ย 
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'๋ช‡'๊ณผ ' ๋ช‡', ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์กฐ๊ธˆ'๊ณผ '์กฐ๊ธˆ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:23
that 'few' and 'a few' are for countable nouns,ย  and 'little' and 'a little' are for uncountableย ย 
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'few'์™€ 'a some'์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , 'little'๊ณผ 'a little'์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
06:29
nouns. Now, 'few' and 'little without the 'a'ย  mean 'a small number or amount of', 'almost none',ย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ 'a'๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” 'few'์™€ 'little'์€ '์ ์€ ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘', '๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Œ',
06:43
'not enough', so a negative idea. For example, theย  sentence I've chosen here for you as an exampleย ย 
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'์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ
06:50
is: He has little patience, almost no patience, heย  won't wait until tomorrow: negative sense, whereasย ย 
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๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ณ  ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ, ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
07:01
just adding that little 'a': a few, a littleย  changes it completely. Now, 'a few' and 'a little'ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ 'a'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ: ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€, a ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ฃ . ์ด์ œ '๋ช‡๋ช‡'๊ณผ '์กฐ๊ธˆ'์€
07:10
mean a reasonable number or amount of something:ย  some, enough. There is a positive idea here,ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ˆซ์ž๋‚˜ ์–‘, ์ฆ‰ ์ผ๋ถ€, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
for example in the same context we can say: Oh, Iย  know he has little patience, but can you persuadeย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:25
him to have a little patience? Make it positive.ย  Now, of course the reason that this mistake isย ย 
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
07:34
so common that I hear it again and again fromย  many many of my students is that phoneticallyย ย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ
07:41
the difference is so small: few - a few. Howย  do we make it clear when we speak or catch itย ย 
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์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ์•„๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
07:49
when someone else is using them. So, my two tipsย  here would be for the one that doesn't have theย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์€
07:57
'a' sound: few and little, you can add adverbs toย  make it clear that there is no 'a'; that there isย ย 
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'a' ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'a'๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
something else, and the adverbs that you can addย  are: very, so, and too. For example, I would say:ย ย 
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
He has very little patience; he won't wait. Or: Heย  has so little patience; he won't wait. Or: He hasย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ๊ทธ๋Š”
08:22
too little patience; he won't wait. 'very' wouldย  be the most common one to use in this context,ย ย 
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์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋Š” '๋งค์šฐ'๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
08:30
to make it very clear that you are using thatย  negative idea: almost none. Now for the other one,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
08:39
obviously, we need to try and make that littleย  sound 'a' stand out, and what does that? Ofย ย 
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ 'a'๋ฅผ ๋‹๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
08:47
course, if you're writing, it's clear you'veย  got the 'a' there, but when you're speaking,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— 'a'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
08:52
the way to do it is to use the phonetic link. So,ย  connect that little 'a' Schwa sound to the wordย ย 
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๋ฐœ์Œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์€ 'a' Schwa ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
09:01
before it, to the consonant before it. So: Canย  you persuade him to have a little patience? So,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์•ž์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด, ๊ทธ ์•ž์˜ ์ž์Œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ,
09:09
NOT have - a - little: that's less it's moreย  difficult to hear than connecting it to the word,ย ย 
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NOT have - a - little: ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์–ด, ๊ทธ ์•ž์˜ ์ž์Œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:18
to the consonant sound before it. And so that'sย  that common mistake 1. I would really recommendย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ 1. ๊ผญ
09:25
that you pay attention to it because if you don't,ย  you will either misunderstand the person or beย ย 
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ถŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:33
misunderstood. The other one is not as bad,ย  but I thought I'd mention it because I hearย ย 
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์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์€๋ฐ,
09:40
sometimes you make this mistake, or some of theย  students make this mistakes, and that's using theย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:46
wrong adverb with the comparatives. So, we've justย  seen that with 'little', 'few', and also 'much',ย ย 
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๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰์— ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'little', 'few' ๋ฐ 'much',
09:54
'many' - the actual quantifiers - we can add theย  adverbs: very, so, and too. But, don't add theseย ย 
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'many'(์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ)์— ๋ถ€์‚ฌ(very, so, too)๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ตํ˜•์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
10:03
to the comparative form, so don't say: very less.ย  That sounds really strange. So, if you want toย ย 
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. ๋งค์šฐ ์ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
10:11
quantify those comparatives, which you can do,ย  then you need to use different words. So, I'veย ย 
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋น„๊ต ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
10:18
listed them here for you. We can use for less andย  more with the uncountable nouns like 'patience',ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜์—ดํ•ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์ธ๋‚ด'์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์—๋Š” for less and more๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
you can use 'much': so much less patience, orย  a lot more patience. 'a little' if you want toย ย 
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'much'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์€ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด '์กฐ๊ธˆ'
10:35
reduce the amount: a little less patience, andย  a very good word is 'far'. It's short and easyย ย 
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: ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋œ ๊ฐ–๊ณ , ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๋ง์€ '๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งง๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์šฐ
10:43
and that really modifies the comparative. And thenย  with the countable nouns, like 'questions', use aย ย 
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๋ฉฐ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ˆ˜์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'questions'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์—๋Š”
10:51
lot, far, or slightly. So again, these are thingsย  you need to probably review to remember, but it'sย ย 
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lot, Far ๋˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
10:58
so that you're aware of potential mistakes. Nowย  the next thing is not a mistake, but it's aboutย ย 
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:06
the usage of these words, usage of quantifiers.ย  In spoken English, It's common to use 'much' andย ย 
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•, ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์— 'much'์™€ 'many'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:16
'many' in questions and negative sentences,ย  for example: Does he have much patience? Or:ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ๋‚˜์š”? ๋˜๋Š”:
11:22
Does he have many questions? And negative: No, heย  doesn't have much patience or many questions. Andย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋งŽ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ : ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
then in the affirmative sentences, we tend to useย  the the other ones that are for both countableย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ย ย  ๊ธ์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ
11:37
and uncountable nouns, which were 'lots of', 'aย  lot of', or 'loads of'. Now, grammatically, it'sย ย 
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์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'lots of', 'a lot of' ๋˜๋Š” 'loads of'์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:45
not wrong to use one or the other for positive orย  negative or question. It's just daily usage. Now,ย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด์—์š”. ์ด์ œ
11:55
in formal English, you will see probably 'much'ย  and 'many' even in the affirmative sentences,ย ย 
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๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ 'much' ์™€ 'many'๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
for example: Much debate and many controversiesย  surround this topic. That sounds okay;ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
it's acceptable. Right so, that's about that.ย  That's the end of what I have to say aboutย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”. ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:18
quantifiers. Now because quantifiers are a subtypeย  of determiners, I thought I just briefly mentionย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•œ์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์œ ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ์ •์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:26
other determiners and which ones can be used withย  countable nouns and which ones can be used withย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:34
uncountable nouns. So, countable nouns are easy;ย  everything can be used with them except 'much' andย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'much'์™€ย ย  'little'์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:41
'little'. So you can use: the, other, this, andย  that with both countable and uncountable nouns.ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์— the, other, this, that์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
But the following cannot be used with uncountableย  nouns, and it makes sense. These are: a,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” a,
13:00
another, either, neither, each, every, these, andย  those. And again, it makes sense because 'these'ย ย 
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ, ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค, ๊ฐ๊ฐ, ๋ชจ๋‘, ์ด๋“ค ๋ฐ ์ €๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, 'these'
13:09
and 'those' are plurals of 'this' and 'that',ย  so we can't use them with uncountable nouns,ย ย 
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์™€ 'those'๋Š” 'this'์™€ 'that'์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
13:16
and of course, the others are separating severalย  things from each other. So, the last thing I'dย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
13:23
like to mention then is that sometimes you mayย  want to use one of these determiners: a, an,ย ย 
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์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ a, an,ย ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•œ์ •์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:31
every each with an uncountable noun. What canย  we do? Can we do anything? Yes, you have toย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ˆ,
13:38
find a suitable counting unit to change thatย  uncountable noun into a countable noun. So,ย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
13:47
what I've done, the last slide, is for the trickyย  uncountable nouns that we saw in a previous list,ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ „ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šดย  ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
I've listed here the unit word you can use forย  them. So, for 'money', you can use 'sum of'. Youย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '๋ˆ'์—๋Š” 'sum of'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
can't say 'a money', but you can say 'a sum ofย  money' if you want to make it one unit. News:ย ย 
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'๋ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด '๋ˆ์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์Šค:
14:12
we've got three options here: piece of, 'pieceย  of' is the most common one to use as a unit wordย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฐ, ' ์กฐ๊ฐ'์€ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
14:18
or unit expression, but with 'news', you can alsoย  use the words 'item' and 'story', so you can say:ย ย 
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'๋‰ด์Šค'์—๋Š” 'ํ•ญ๋ชฉ' ๋ฐ '์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
another news story, or another news item. Niceย  ones! For 'information', 'advice', 'equipment',ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‰ด์Šค ํ•ญ๋ชฉ. ๋ฉ‹์ง€๋„ค์š” ! '์ •๋ณด', '์กฐ์–ธ', '์žฅ๋น„'
14:35
and 'furniture', your only choice is 'a pieceย  of'. So, you can say: a piece of information,ย ย 
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๋ฐ '๊ฐ€๊ตฌ'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '์ผ๋ถ€'๋งŒ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด,
14:41
every piece of advice, each piece of equipment,ย  either piece of furniture if you really need toย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ์–ธ, ๊ฐ ์žฅ๋น„, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜
14:49
count. 'feedback': I've not heard any unitย  word that would make 'feedback' countable,ย ย 
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. 'ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ': 'ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ'์„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
14:57
so just use the quantifiers that are appropriateย  for uncountable nouns, like 'some feedback',ย ย 
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'some Feedback'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:05
'much' if it's a negative sentence: muchย  feedback, little or a little. Keep itย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 'much': ๋งŽ์€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ.
15:11
to those that can be used for uncountable orย  both. Finally, with 'software' and 'hardware',ย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, '์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด'์™€ 'ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด'์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
15:20
again you can use 'a piece of', but there is alsoย  a special word for these, which is 'package'. So,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ '~์˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ 'ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€'๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œย ย  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
15:26
you can say: these software packages or thoseย  pieces of hardware. Right, that's the end of thisย ย 
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์กฐ๊ฐ. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
lesson this presentation on countable- uncountableย  nouns and which quantifiers we can use with eachย ย 
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์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์™€ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:44
group. I hope it's going to be a bit helpful forย  you if you can refer - that's why I have createdย ย 
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. ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด
15:52
three lists so you can refer to them if you areย  in doubt. I hope you've enjoyed this lesson.ย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
For more on this topic, click here. Rememberย  to also check out my complete online course,ย ย 
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋„ ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ ,
16:06
and don't forget to like and subscribe.ย  Thank you for watching and happy studies!
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์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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