Learn English Live Lesson l You can learn English with Sarah

hello everyone welcome to today's english live  lesson um hopefully you guys are going to start  

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be great to uh see your names uh so i see hi  how are you from maraud oh thank you for asking  

uh i'm doing great i hope you guys are good too uh  i saw pedro i think i'm the first to get to class  

oh yes i think you were at least the first to  comment so welcome pedro good to see you again  

from muhammad hi madam oh nice abbreviation hello  good to see you here today thank you for joining  

veronica says hi hi veronica thank you for  joining today i hope you enjoyed the lesson

and i think we got one more hello oh a couple  more well hello everyone uh thank you so much  

for joining um so today oh yep some more  hellos wow wow wow lots of pillows hello  

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says hello hello phillip nice to see you mohamed  glad to join thank you i'm glad that you're here

it's very nice to see some comments coming in  the chat you are so sweet i learned properly  

oh well thank you comments like that make my day  thank you very much so all right i see everyone  

uh coming in so we're gonna go ahead and start the  lesson so today we're doing an intermediate lesson  

we're going to be talking about something that  has simple parts but can be really complex  

and maybe a little confusing so i'm  going to present that to you guys today

hello everyone in the chat and uh let's go  ahead i'm gonna share my screen with you  

so here we go you guys just wait a second while  i share my screen where is oh just a second  

where is it screen sharing uh sorry guys  having a computer problem just a moment  

okay it should show up where is my

ppt

um so guys thank you for waiting patiently i'm not  sure why this is not working maybe this will work  

just a second we'll keep trying we'll get  there in the meantime hello everyone thank  

you so much for your wonderful comments  okay hopefully this works let's see okay  

there we go oh my gosh okay here we go  so you guys should see my screen now  

so you should be able to see the message welcome  to the live stream so as i mentioned today  

we are going to learn about something  called conditionals so please make sure to  

follow along on this ppt that you should all see  now and make sure i encourage you since this is  

a little more of a difficult lesson today  take some notes um and as we go through try to  

practice making the different kinds of sentences  we'll learn in the comments so let's get started  

so if you have never heard this word before  you may be wondering what are conditionals  

sometimes we call conditionals if clauses  a clause is like a part of a sentence right  

so conditionals describe the result of something  that might happen in the present or future or  

might have happened but didn't in the past and  if that sounds a little confusing don't worry  

we're going to talk about it all today  so conditionals are made using different  

english verb tenses and we're going to learn all  about it today we are going to talk about the four  

main kinds of conditionals in english so we  have something called the zero conditional  

first conditional second conditional and third  conditional so we're gonna we have a zero one two  

three conditional there's also something called  mixed conditionals but we're gonna keep it uh  

as simple as we can today for this  challenging topic all right so let's  

get started we're gonna go through one by  one so let's start with our zero conditional

so zero conditional this is used to talk about  general facts and truth so things that are true  

so let's take a look at some  examples what does this mean  

so in conditionals we have our if clause and  our main clause to make our whole sentence  

so for zero conditionals we're using the simple  present tense talking about facts things that are  

generally true so we use if and simple present  and our main clause is also simple present  

so zero conditional basically if  this thing happens that thing happens  

this is used to talk about true things for example  i might say if you heat water to 100 degrees  

celsius it boils we can see here in this example  i'm using simple present if you heat it boils  

and i'm just sharing a general fact right if  you do this this happens if you heat water to  

100 degrees celsius it boils if it rains the road  gets wet right just a simple fact if this thing  

happens if our condition it rains if it rains  the road gets wet simple fact just something  

that is true so we use our zero conditional  to talk about general truths and facts

let's look at some more examples so here's another  example uh in this case we are using a negative  

if plants don't get enough water they die  right so here we're using again simple present  

if plants don't get enough water they die  sad but true i have many plants so i know  

this all too well so one thing to note and we're  going to see this for all our conditional types  

often we have our if clause and then  our main clause if this then that  

however we can also switch it around plants die  if they don't get enough water so here we have  

our main clause and then our if this is also  correct so both of these we can use so if it's  

easier for you to remember the if then you can  do that but just know you can also switch them  

if plants don't get enough water they die  or plants die if they don't get enough water  

let's look at a couple more  zero conditional examples  

if my husband has a cold i usually catch it  so here again we're just using simple present  

and we're using an adverb of frequency which  we always use with simple present and again  

we can also switch our clauses here our  if clause and main clause we can switch  

i usually catch a cold if my husband  gets sick okay let's look at one more  

so zero conditional is used to talk about simple  true things right if plants don't get water they  

die if you heat water to 100 degrees celsius  it boils simple true facts but we can also use  

this zero conditional to give instructions  so let's take a look at a couple examples  

if you want to see a movie call me before 5 pm  maybe i am talking to my friend and they're saying  

i don't know if i want to see a movie  i have so much work to do i might say  

okay well if you want to see a movie  call me before five and then we can go

or another example if john calls tell him  i'm busy so here we have our condition  

and then our main clause is an instruction right  do this thing if this happens do this thing and  

in this case we're also using simple present  simple present so that's uh that's it for zero  

conditional we use it for true facts simple true  things simple present simple present and we can  

also use it to give instructions okay that's the  easy one next let's go to our first conditional

the first conditional refers to a  possible condition and its probable result  

these sentences are based on facts and used to  make statements about the real world so you'll  

see why this matters uh in the future first  conditional is used to talk about real things  

that might happen really might happen uh we  use this to talk about the present or future  

and the situation is real so present  or future and the situation is real  

so let's see what this all means so here  let's look at a table for first conditional  

if simple present in our main clause simple  future so here if this thing happens that thing  

will happen and remember this is to talk about  real things for example if he is late i will be  

angry maybe i'm waiting for my friend oh he is  always late if he is late today i will be angry  

this is the likely or probable  result to this condition  

if it rains tomorrow we'll go see a movie so  here we're using the contraction of we will right  

if it rains tomorrow right so here's our condition  if this thing happens if it rains tomorrow  

we will go see a movie it is likely or probable  that we'll go see a movie because we can't really  

do anything outside on a rainy day so remember  if this thing happens that thing will happen  

let's look at some more examples if  it rains i won't go to the park so  

just like we can use will we can also use won't  so if it rains the likely result is i won't go to  

the park right still future i won't go in the  future if i study today i'll go to the party  

tonight so here we have again our simple condition  if i study today my reward to myself is i'll go  

to the party tonight i will do it in the future  that is likely and probable and real if i have  

enough money i will buy some new shoes so here  again we're using our contraction aisle for i will  

if i have enough money right if this  condition is met i will buy some new shoes  

so as you can see this is a really common commonly  used conditional because it's about real life  

right simple things in real life if this  happens i will do this or this will happen  

another example where we've switched our clauses  so instead of if then we're switching she'll be  

late if the train is delayed and remember  we could also say if the train is delayed  

she'll be late we can always switch these around  like this so first conditional is a simple one and  

we can also use modal verbs like should could may  and might to change the certainty of the result  

for example if you drop that glass it might break  so i don't always have to use will i might be  

uncertain about what will happen so maybe it is  a plastic glass oh if you drop it it might break  

right still talking about the future it might  break or i may finish that letter if i have time  

so here again we've switched our clauses  if i have time i may finish that letter  

so here it's kind of a prediction right but we use  the same structure in our we're just switching out  

will with a modal verb might or may all right  so remember first conditional is if this happens  

then something will happen if this thing happens  that thing will happen present and future  

okay let's go on to our second conditional  so the second conditional is similar  

but different from the first conditional  because here it's talking about an unlikely  

or hypothetical condition and its probable result  do you guys know what this word means hypothetical  

hypothetical means not real or imagined  right i'm just imagining what would happen

the time is now or any other time and the  situation is again hypothetical not real just  

imagined so we're not talking necessarily  about real life what will happen what i  

will do if something happens let's take a  look at how this conditional is different  

so here in our first clause we're using the  simple past and for our main clause we're  

using present conditional or present continuous  conditional so what is that in simpler terms if  

this thing happened that thing would happen  so here again just imagining if you went to  

bed earlier you wouldn't be so tired so  this means you didn't go to bed early  

right you are maybe if you're tired today and i  see you if you went to bed earlier you wouldn't be  

so tired so if you had done this thing in the past  what would the result be you wouldn't be so tired  

if the weather wasn't so bad we would go to  the beach so here again just imagining just  

hypothetical not real so if the weather  wasn't so bad we would go to the beach  

this means ugh the weather is bad so we  cannot go to the beach today but oh imagine  

if the weather wasn't so bad we would go to the  beach just imagining right not real hypothetical  

let's look at some more examples  of the second conditional  

if i was the president i would give everyone  more vacation days right this is not real  

unfortunately i am not the president or maybe  fortunately i am not the president uh but if i  

was i would give everyone more vacation days  again hypothetical if this thing happened  

if i was the president then this thing uh would  happen i would give everyone more vacation days  

if you really loved me you  would visit me more often  

so here we have our past uh if clause  if you really loved me and then our uh

conditional using wood you  would visit me more often

if i had more money i would travel everywhere  so again imagining if i had more money i would  

travel anywhere i'm sure in an english class  sometime in the past your teacher may have  

asked you hypothetical questions like this what  would you do if you were president if i was the  

president i would da da what would you do if  you won the lottery if i won the lottery i would  

so this is second conditional not real  hypothetical uh one thing to note uh so here  

in number one i say if i was but it is very common  to say if i were so this is called the subjunctive  

mood if i were you i would give up smoking or  if i were a plant i would love rain so you can  

use was but it is correct and very common to say  if i were when we're using this conditional form

also just like we could for our first conditional  

we can use modal verbs in the main clause  of this form to change our certainty  

we might buy a larger house if we had more  money so here's our oh oh we're stuck whoops  

so uh didn't mean to scribble that out um  so here are if clause if we had more money  

we might buy a larger house so here right not  real if we had more money but we don't but if  

we did i can also use might or may words like  this if i'm not really sure what i would do  

oh if i won the lottery i might travel to every  country or i might do this i might do that all  

right so this is our second conditional which  we use to talk about things that are not real  

and we're just imagining right hypothetical is  the word to use for this one all right guys we're  

almost done let's talk about our third conditional  so this one is a bit different this refers to it's  

all in the past this third conditional is all  happening in the past it refers to an impossible  

condition in the past and its probable result  in the past so actually we often use the third  

conditional to talk about things we regret if  i had done this this would have been different  

so third conditional all talking about the  past an impossible condition in the past  

these sentences are truly hypothetical and unreal  because we can't change the past right uh in the  

second conditional i'd say oh if i won the lottery  i would that's hypothetical but maybe one day i  

could win the lottery third conditional is  totally unreal because it's all about the  

past and we cannot change the past so the time  is the past and the situation is hypothetical  

so let's take a look at what this means so  here we're using past perfect if past perfect  

and then a perfect conditional or perfect  continuous conditional so what does that  

look like if this thing had happened that thing  would have happened so all uh imagining right all  

hypothetical didn't happen wish it did for  example if it had rained you would have gotten wet  

today is a sunny day but if it had rained in  the past you would have gotten wet in the past  

right so these impossible things that would have  could have happened in the past uh next one if you  

had worked harder you would have passed the test  so here we see a commonly used way that the third  

conditional is used to talk about regret if you  had worked harder you would have passed the test  

if this past condition were true this  other thing also would have been true  

but you didn't you didn't work hard you didn't  pass the test if you had worked harder you would  

have passed the test and notice here yes we're  using perfect tense which means we're using things  

like had happened would have happened have gotten  have passed we're using our past participles here  

all right let's look at some more examples  and then we'll take some questions so here  

we go third conditional examples if i had  worked harder i would have gotten a promotion  

so here a different form of that uh passing the  test question if i had worked harder i would have  

gotten a promotion so this means i didn't get  a promotion because i didn't work hard enough  

so i'll remember third conditional  totally hypothetical all in the  

past if i had worked harder in the past i  would have gotten a promotion in the past

if i had known you were coming i would have baked  a cake maybe it's my friend's birthday and they  

come to my house unexpectedly and i say oh if i  had known you were coming i would have baked a  

cake so i can't change this right this is totally  hypothetical i can't go back in time and bake a  

cake but i can tell my friend if i had known you  were coming in the past i would have baked a cake  

in the past and here again regret oh i wish i  would have known i wish i could have done that  

and here oh so sad i would have been happy if you  had called me on my birthday so in this form just  

like in our other forms we can take our if  clause and our main clause and switch them  

so i could say if you had called me on my birthday  i would have been happy or i would have been happy  

if you had called me on my birthday again all in  the past right can't change it all in the past  

and uh just thinking what could have would have  happened last one if you had told me you were free  

i wouldn't have made other plans so uh this  is something i say to my husband very often  

sometimes he wants to do things together but  i've made other plans so i say if you had  

told me you were free and didn't have  plans i wouldn't have made other plans  

so again what could have been different in the  past so what about contractions uh so if we look  

at a sentence our first sentence here if i had  worked harder i would have gotten a promotion  

so i had and i would can both they both have  the same contraction i'd so it can be a little  

confusing to read so that with contractions if  i'd worked harder i'd have gotten a promotion  

one key trick here to know uh does this mean  would or had let's take a look at this first part  

if i'd worked harder so what sounds more correct  if i had worked harder or if i would worked  

harder it would be if i had right when we have  an eed this is a past participle then it must be  

had if i had worked if i had known if you had  told me and here we see our past participles  

right same had called had known so if the  next word is a past participle we know  

it means have or had in our second part i'd  have gotten a promotion so what makes more sense  

i would have gotten a promotion or i had have  gotten a promotion maybe i would have right and  

often in these conditionals we use the phrase  i would have so i'd have means i would have  

uh here's another example if i'd known you were  coming i'd have baked a cake again we know this  

first part with our if is had because we  have our past participle known if i had known  

if i'd known i'd have baked a cake  there again i would have baked a cake  

but actually more often we say i would  have so we don't necessarily uh say  

if we have the phrase i would have we could  say i'd have but often we say i would've  

so it's a little easier there so let's  review and then we'll take some questions  

so zero conditional is what we use for general  facts and truths if this thing happens that  

thing happens if you heat water to 100 degrees  celsius it boils simple truths simple facts  

first conditional is about a real possible  condition and a possible or probable result  

if this thing happens that thing will happen uh  for example if i exercise i will go out to eat  

with my friends later if i do this then that  will happen second conditional is unlikely or  

hypothetical for example uh if this thing happened  that thing would happen and our last one our third  

conditional is truly not possible all happens in  the past if this thing had happened that thing  

would have happened if you uh had told me you  were coming over i would have made dinner so  

this is a useful chart for remembering and i hope  that you guys learned a lot in this lesson today

okay so all right guys  

uh that is it for the lesson so now let's take  some questions uh hello from madagascar hello that  

is so cool i love seeing uh where everyone is from  i love when you guys tell me uh which country you  

have uh come from oh from morocco very cool hello  hello hello let's see if we have any questions  

oh from south sudan wow very nice of  you to join thank you guys so much

uh so let's see i'm scrolling up ah i can  see that the zero conditional is very hard  

to make a sentence if you explain it again i'll be  happy you got it okay so zero conditional is used  

to talk about simple true things if you do this  this happens um for example here's an easy example  

if i press this button my phone turns on boom  right i press the button my phone turns on  

simple present simple present um let's  see if i pick up my keys they make a sound

i pick up my keys they make a sound simple  present simple present um so we're just really  

talking about um uh simple facts really kind of  cause and effect if this happens this happens  

um if you comment i become happy so  this is really simple cause and effect  

so i hope that helps uh let's see if we have  other questions if my study here finishes i'll  

go back to my family yeah yeah excellent use of  the first conditional if this happens this will  

uh if this thing happens this thing will happen  yeah excellent use what is the time of your class  

in daily routine oh my daily routine well my  i i do we do our live sessions my live classes  

this time every tuesday in my daily routine  i have class from 9 00 am till about 3 pm

if i have time i will watch your live stream oh  perfect again great use of that first conditional  

so that's our second comment using first  conditional you guys see easy to use also  

the most common because we're talking about real  life right if this happens i will do this great  

usage do you have a youtube channel why yes we do  and there you can see it oh there you can see it  

our youtube channel is called english danny  uh you can also find the link on our facebook  

page in the description you can find the  link to our youtube channel there as well  

excellent and informative thank you very  much if i were more clever i wouldn't make  

so much mistakes very good so here yeah  we're talking about um this would be like the  

the third conditional or like a mixed conditional  uh if i were more clever i wouldn't make so many  

mistakes and then there do be careful mistakes is  a countable noun right i can count one mistake two  

mistakes three mistakes so i would use many oh and  that is actually uh which one second conditional  

even for me guys these can be  difficult to remember there are so many  

if i was younger if i was younger it would  be easier for me to remember the lessons  

yes that is true hi from south africa  hello thank you so much for joining

quite interesting it i think so if i had  started before today i would have had  

more level ah so here we go this is a third  conditional right past and past if i had started  

uh studying earlier today i would have uh been a  higher level uh in in english right yeah very good

if i had studied hard i would have  passed the exam yes exactly and let's see  

if there had been youtube everyone would have  talked english good and here yes so we can say  

um when we're talking about speaking we would  say speaking english everyone would have spoken  

english very good if there had been youtube  good thank you pedro for all of your comments

i prefer got then gotten so uh if we're using  the perfect tense we would always say have gotten  

or had gotten if we're using past  perfect i have gotten i had gotten  

but if we're using just normal past  tense i got uh so be careful there

oh you want to attend my everyday sessions  oh thank you i wish you could thanks miss  

sarah you are so helpful thank you from  jordan well thank you so much for joining  

how are you ma'am oh thank you for asking  i'm doing great and it makes me so happy  

to uh see all of you leaving comments from  pakistan so cool thank you so much for the lesson  

that's awesome i like it thank you so  much for joining and leaving a comment  

uh abu nazer from jordan welcome welcome welcome  thank you i hope you enjoyed the lesson today

where are you from uh a common question i  am from the u.s and i was born in new york  

so i've lived in many places and now right now  i live in south korea uh but i am from new york

thank you so much for this wonderful lesson from  zambia oh thank you that's it's so cool to i  

love seeing everyone coming from uh joining  from so many different places in the world  

i hope that uh wherever you are that you're having  a good day and that you enjoyed today's lesson  

thanks so much i get it now wonderful i'm  so glad to hear it and yeah guys remember  

we record our live stream so you can always  go back and re-watch if there's a point you're  

confused about ah cambodia a beautiful  country thank you so much for joining

if your lessons were more often everyone would  know english a very flattering comment and great  

use of the grammar from the lesson thank you  if i have a lot of money i will send it to you  

because you did a good explanation thank you i  will take it just kidding uh if i had been your  

student my english would have been improved more  than now well that's a very kind thing to say and  

i hope you keep joining me on tuesdays so i can  help you and answer your questions and comments

all right looks like we're almost  uh almost finished here oh hello

hello hello thank you all so much um all  right let's see i think that sums it up  

for today's live stream thank you guys so much  for watching please tune in next week where we'll  

do another lesson and i'll take your comments and  we can chat learn together thank you guys so much