English Vocabulary Hack: 15 words, 30 meanings!
107,626 views ・ 2024-05-27
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00:00
Hi. I'm Rebecca from engVid. In this lesson, I'm
going to show you how one word can have multiple
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meanings. In particular, we'll look at situations
in which the verb and the noun with the same word
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is completely different. Okay? Now, this is
especially important for you if you're going
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to be appearing for any kind of exam, like the
IELTS or the TOEFL, if you're doing reading,
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if you're doing the listening section, or the
writing section, or the speaking section. Okay?
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But in particular, for reading and listening,
because perhaps when you look at a word, you
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think of it as having one meaning, but it might
actually have a completely different meaning. So
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I'm going to show you what... Some examples
of how that works. We're going to start off
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by looking at some very simple words, then we'll
look at some slang, and then we'll look at more
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advanced examples. But basically, the principle
is such that a verb and a noun sometimes have
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a completely different meaning, they're completely
different words, they're not just different forms
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of the word. Okay? So let's get started. So
let's look at a simple word, "box". Now, when
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I say "box", you might be thinking of the verb,
and you might be thinking of the noun, because
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they are very different. Right? So the "box" is
the sport, right? The sport, boxing. All right?
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So this is a verb, to box, but a "box" is also a
noun, like I received the package in a box. All
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right? So that... We can see that the noun and the
verb are completely different. Let's look at some
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other examples. "Light". So "light" as a verb, you
can light many things. You can light a candle with
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a match, you can light a cigarette. Right? Light
a fire. But "light" as a noun is, for example,
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the light bulb, the light switch. Right? A light
in your... In your home. Okay? So again, the verb
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and the noun, completely different. And if you
were doing a listening section in an exam and they
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said "light", you might get thrown off if you're
thinking of the verb, but they actually mean the
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noun, or the other way around. So you really have
to be aware of that. Okay? And be able to make
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that switch in your... In your understanding.
Let's look at the simple word "fly". Right? To
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fly a plane, to fly a kite. Okay? But "a fly", a
fly sat on the table. Okay? So "a fly" as a noun
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281, 855, 291, 577, 472, 1349,
93, 362, 50634], 0.0, -0.201778
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is very different from "fly" as a verb. Let's look
at another simple word, "park". So you park your
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car. Right? In the parking... A parking lot or
in a parking space. You park your car, but you
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could also go for a walk on a beautiful day in the
park. Right? Walk through the trees and go to the
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park. So the park can be a place or the park can
be an activity or a verb. So these are examples of
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four simple words. They're not always so simple.
Sometimes they're complex words; we're coming to
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those. Okay? But let's look at some slang words.
Not all forms of the words... Of these words are
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slang, but some. So "to hit" means, like, okay,
you hit somebody. Okay? Somebody hit someone. Or
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one car hit the other car. Okay? But "a hit"
as slang, when you say that movie was a hit,
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it means it was a big success. It became very
popular. That song was a hit. That show was a hit,
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and it means that something was very popular.
Okay? It became a big success. "Jam". "Jam" as
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a verb is what? Do you know the meaning? When we
say the musicians jammed, means informally they
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got together and they played and they improvised,
and they played together in an informal way. They
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jammed. Okay? Usually we talk about musicians
doing this. All right? They had a jam session. But
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"jam" as a noun, you might be familiar with. Maybe
you like to put some strawberry jam on your bread
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or on your toast. Okay? So that's a bottle of... A
jar of jam. All right? Next, "nail". So as a verb,
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you might nail your interview. What does it mean
to nail something? To nail something in slang
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means to do it very, very well; to ace it. You
might nail your interview, your job interview.
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You might nail a presentation. Okay? And you
say to somebody who did something very well,
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"Hey, you nailed it." Okay? You're using the verb.
All right? But "a nail" as a noun is that little
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silver metal thing that you hit with a hammer
into the wall. Okay? That's a nail. All right?
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That's what I tried to show you here. All right.
The verb "foot" as in a slang kind of expression,
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when we say to foot the bill. I'm going to foot
the bill for this. It means I'm going to take
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responsibility for paying the bill. I'm going
to pay for the bill. I'm going to pay for this
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meal or this event or whatever. "Who's footing the
bill?" means who's paying for this event. Okay? I
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don't know if you've heard that expression before;
it is used quite a bit. So, again, "foot" here was
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used as a verb in a very unusual way, and if you
heard that in a test or you read it somewhere,
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you might say, "What are they talking about? I
know only about foot." Like, here, one foot. Okay,
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usually we have two feet, but one foot. Okay? So
you might be thinking of this foot. Okay? Now,
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I've only shown you a verb and a noun, and
I've only shown you one version of the verb
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and one version of the noun. In some cases,
you'll... If you... When you look in the
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dictionary, you'll see that there are different
verb meanings. Okay? And different noun meanings.
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So what does that tell you? It tells you that if
you have an opportunity to open up a dictionary
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or go online and look at a dictionary, then it's
worth looking at all the meanings of a particular
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word. And sometimes you'll be surprised, like,
"Really? I can use this word in this way? I didn't
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know that." Okay. And usually in a dictionary,
an online dictionary or a regular dictionary,
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they'll give a sentence, an example with it. It's
a good opportunity for you to learn to use words
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which you already know, but in different ways.
Okay? That will expand your speaking vocabulary,
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and of course, as I said, if you're doing a
reading comprehension or something like...
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Or a listening comprehension on an exam,
it will be very, very useful. Okay? Now,
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let's look at some advanced words where the verbs
and the nouns are completely different. Okay,
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so let's start with our first advanced word, and
that word is "doctor". Now, you're saying to me,
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"Rebecca, that's not an advanced word. I know what
a doctor is. Everybody knows what a doctor is."
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Sure. Everybody knows what a doctor is as a noun.
Right? And what's a doctor? He or she is a medical
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professional. Sure, you know that meaning, but
did you know the meaning of "doctor" as a verb?
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It means to fake or falsify a document or a
report or a certificate or a photograph. That
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means to do something to it to make it look like
it's real, but it's actually not. To falsify it,
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to make it false, to fake it. Okay? That's the
meaning of the verb "to doctor" something. It's
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not a very positive word. This is a positive
word, that person helps a lot of people, but
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the verb is not a very positive. It doesn't have
a positive meaning. Okay? So that's how different
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a verb and a noun can be. All right? Let's take
another example. The word "stress". You might have
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heard this word because we often hear the noun.
Okay? And we hear the verb also. In this case,
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let's look at the noun first. When you feel
stress, you feel tension. Okay? Some people feel
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stress before an exam, or they feel stress before
a presentation, or they feel stress before a job
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interview, or they feel stress from life. And some
people never feel stress. They're always relaxed,
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no matter what's happening. Okay? But that's
"stress" as a noun, it's tension. But what does
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the verb "stress" mean? I would like to stress the
importance of backing up your computer files. It
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means to emphasize. I would like to stress this.
I would like to emphasize this. Okay? So here, in
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this lesson, I'm stressing that certain words have
multiple meanings, especially the verb and the
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noun sometimes. All right? Let's continue. "Head".
Now, what's a head? As a noun, this is my head.
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Right? It's a part of your body. It's your head.
Yes, that's the noun. But did you know we also
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use it as a verb? And very often in a business
context. He heads the marketing department. She
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heads the sales department. What does that suggest
to you? It means he or she leads that department.
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He or she manages that department. He or she
is in charge of, or is the top person in that
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department, in that division, in that company.
When we say that somebody heads something,
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it means that person is at the top of that
organization, or that department, or division,
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or whatever. Okay? So there you go. That's another
word where perhaps you are very familiar with the
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noun, but maybe you weren't as familiar with the
verb, but now you are. Okay? And you can keep
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doing that with lots and lots of words. Next...
The next one, "sentence". Now, as an ESL student,
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and as someone studying English, I'm sure you
know what a sentence is. For example, this is a
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sentence. Right? It's a set of words that start
with a capital letter, end with a period, they
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have a subject, there's a subject, there's a verb.
Right? This is a sentence. All right? So you know
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that one, but there's also a verb. "To sentence
someone". This is something that in case you watch
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a lot of crime dramas, you might have heard this
word, and it means to declare a punishment for
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someone who has legally been found guilty. Okay?
So, in court, right, they take somebody to court,
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and if that person is found guilty, then they have
to say what the punishment is. So when they say
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officially or declare what that punishment is,
then they use the verb "sentence", "to sentence
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somebody". So, for example, you might hear, "He
or she was sentenced to life imprisonment." Okay?
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So that was the punishment for a guilty person
for a crime that he or she committed. That's "to
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sentence someone". Let's look at another example.
"Foil". Now, here it has a verb... There's a verb
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and a noun. So what's the noun? Perhaps you've
used this material. Okay? It's shiny, it's
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silvery, it's a thin sheet of metal, kind of very
thin, and we use it when we're cooking, when we're
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baking. All right? "Aluminum foil". All right?
Have you seen it? You might have some at home.
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All right? So that's a thin sheet of metal that we
use very often at home. And the verb, however, is
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completely different. Okay? If you read superhero
comics and watch movies like that, you might have
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heard this word. Or if you watch crime dramas,
again. So, "to foil something" means to prevent a
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bad event from happening. For example, "The police
foiled the robbery." Or, "The authorities foiled
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the attacks." Okay? So, "to foil something"
means to prevent something bad, a bad event
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from happening. Okay? To prevent it before it
happens. "To foil it". All right? So there,
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you just added a nice advanced verb to
your vocabulary. All right. The next one,
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"to harbour" as a verb or as a noun? As a noun,
a harbour... What's a harbour? A harbour is a
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place where ships kind of park. Right? It's an
area... an area of water near the coast where
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ships are safe. Okay? And they wait there. Okay?
They're safe from... From other... Other ships
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and from other parts of the water. Okay? Waves
and things that might make... Harm them or hurt
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the ships in any way. Damage the ships. Okay?
So it's an area where ships are safe. This is
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called a harbour. But what does the verb "harbour"
mean? The verb "harbour" is something completely
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different. It's actually something negative.
It means to hide a person that's wanted by
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the police or by the authorities. If somebody is
hiding a criminal from the authorities or hiding
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a terrorist, that's called harbouring a criminal,
harbouring the robber, harbouring the terrorist.
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To hide somebody that is actually wanted by the
authorities. Okay? That means to harbour somebody.
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Completely different meaning. Right? So again, can
you imagine, like in your... In your exam, like a
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TOEFL exam or an IELTS exam, what would happen
if you come across this verb, and then they ask
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you what is the meaning of this word? Very often,
there is a section in your reading comprehension
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where they'll ask you about specific vocabulary,
and they love to choose words like this because
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they know that you know the normal kind of meaning
of the word. Sometimes the normal meaning of the
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word is the verb, and sometimes the normal meaning
or the popular meaning that most people know
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is the noun. But they're usually trying to go a
little bit deeper in reading comprehension exams
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and ask you the not-so-popular meaning of that
word. All right? Of an advanced word especially.
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So this kind of lesson will make you more aware of
the fact that some common words can have uncommon
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meanings as well. All right? Let's look at the
last one, season. So again, you might be familiar
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with the noun, right? Summer, spring, winter,
fall, these are the four seasons of the year. All
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right? You know those. But what does it mean to
season something? To season something means to add
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spices to food. Did you know that? Okay? You need
to season it with salt and pepper or hopefully
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more interesting spices. Okay? But basically
to season something means to add some spices
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to food. All right? So there, again, a completely
different meaning. So now, if you'd like to do a
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little quiz on this, please go to our website,
www.engvid.com. There you can look over some of
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these. Okay? And also check out lots of our other
lessons. We have more than a thousand lessons on
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engVid by myself and other teachers as well. And
before you go away, don't forget to subscribe,
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okay, to my YouTube channel. Check out some of
my many other lessons on grammar, vocabulary,
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and lots and lots of shortcuts, basically, that
will save you time and help you to learn English
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more quickly. Okay? Thanks very much for watching.
All the best with your English. Bye for now.
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