Improve Your English Grammar in ONLY 12 MINUTES! | Advanced English Grammar

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JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
How well do you know your verb tenses in English?
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์˜์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:04
Well, let's find out, because today I am goingย  to test you, and this test is on verb tenses,ย ย 
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์ž, ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๋ฐ ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:12
and you're going to learn a lot andย  improve your grammar along the way.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
So here's how this lesson will work.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
I'll show you a question, and there'll be a blank,ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
and you have to decide which option, whichย  verb tense, best completes the sentence.
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜ต์…˜, ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Now I'll only show the question for a few seconds.
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
So hit pause, take as much time asย  you need, and when you're ready,ย ย 
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์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
00:44
hit play and I'll share the correct answerย  and I'll explain why that answer is correct.
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์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์ด ์™œ ์ •๋‹ต์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
My flight at 9:00 AM tomorrow, and the answerย  is my flight leaves at 9:00 AM tomorrow.
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๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ฉด ๋‹ต์€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Now both B&C are future verbs, and we need aย  future verb because we have the keyword tomorrow.
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์ด์ œ B&C๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ , ๋‚ด์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
So I know we're in the future, but weย  use the present simple in the futureย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์„
01:22
on one specific occasion, and that's withย  timetable events, with scheduled events.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‘œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ, ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
So transportation runs on a schedule.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตํ†ต์€ ์ผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šดํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
You get a ticket and it tells you the time.
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ํ‹ฐ์ผ“์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
We can consider that a scheduled event.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
If you're going to a party, aย  wedding, a meeting in the future,ย ย 
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹, ํ–ฅํ›„ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๊ณ 
01:46
and there's a scheduled event, you can simplyย  say my meeting starts at 2:00 next Tuesday.
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์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚ด ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ ํ™”์š”์ผ 2์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
01:56
Question two she two books so far this year andย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 2. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ๊ณ ,
02:06
the answer is she has writtenย  two books so far this year.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
Your keyword here is this year.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
This year is still in progress.
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
If it were complete, I'd say last year.
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์™„์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž‘๋…„์ฏค์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:25
She's written two books so far this year.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
So which verb tense am I using?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:32
The present perfect has written.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ
02:36
We use the present perfect for actions thatย  started in the past but are still in progress.
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์ž‘์—…์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:44
So the books she has written, those are complete.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์“ด ์ฑ…์€ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Those two books are sitting on her shelf,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฑ…์žฅ์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:52
but it's possible for her to write moreย  books because the year is still in progress.
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์˜ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ง‘ํ•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
The present perfect #3 Your eyes are red andย  puffy, and the answer is Have you been crying?
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ #3 ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ถฉํ˜ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์–ด์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์šธ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
Have you been crying?
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์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:15
The verb tense here is theย  present perfect continuance.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง€์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋™์ž‘
03:19
We need a continuous verb in this contextย  because the focus is on the action.
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์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:28
The focus is not on the result.
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์ดˆ์ ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
The focus is on the action of crying.
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์šฐ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
I want to emphasize the action.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•ก์…˜์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค.
03:39
Crying.
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์šธ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ.
03:40
Have you?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:41
And cried the present perfect?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์šธ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:43
That sounds awkward becauseย  there's no focus on the action.
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๋™์ž‘์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
Question.
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03:49
For if I you, I'd quit, andย  the answer is if I were you.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ.
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
If I were you now, having I and wereย  side by side may sound unnatural toย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋„ˆ์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด, I์™€ was๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
you because the past form of the verb toย  be with the subject I was of course right.
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• to be๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด I was ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์˜ณ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
04:17
I was tired.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
I was angry.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
04:22
You were tired.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:24
You were angry.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
04:25
She was tired.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
They were tired.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
But this isn't in the past.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
04:32
This is in the subjunctive and the conjugationย  for the subjunctive verb is were for all subjects.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ• ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
I, you, he, she, it
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๋‚˜, ๋„ˆ, ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ
04:44
We, they were.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด.
04:47
Now, why does this question need the subjunctive?
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์ž, ์™œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
04:50
Because it's hypothetical.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
I'm not you.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
That's a hypothetical situation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
If I were you.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด.
05:00
But I'm not you.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
I'm me.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋‹ค.
05:03
Right?
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05:03
If I were younger.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ Š์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด.
05:05
If I were older.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด.
05:06
If I were taller.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ปธ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด.
05:08
If I were shorter.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์งง์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด.
05:09
Those are all hypothetical situationsย  #5 Dave at the bank since 2009,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. #5 Dave๋Š” 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์€ํ–‰์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
and the answer is Dave has beenย  working at the bank since 2009.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ Dave๊ฐ€ 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
Now we're using the present perfect continuousย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
because the action started inย  the past and continues until now.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
When did Dave start working at the bank?
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Dave๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:44
Dave started working at the bank in 2009.
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Dave๋Š” 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
Where does Dave work now?
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Dave๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:50
Today at the bank, right.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ์š”.
05:53
So action has started in theย  past and continues until now.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Question 6 Carmen has a hair appointment tomorrow.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 6 Carmen์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ๋ฏธ์šฉ ์•ฝ์†์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Carmen her haircut tomorrow.
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์นด๋ฅด๋ฉ˜์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊นŽ์•„์š”.
06:09
And the answer is Carmen isย  getting her hair cut tomorrow.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ Carmen์ด ๋‚ด์ผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Now, the first sentence isย  just to provide context.
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์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
So you know there's a scheduled event.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
And that's important because we useย  the present continuous, not the future.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
06:31
We use the present continuous when we'reย  talking about a scheduled event in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Let's say I have a plane ticketย  to go to Australia in five years.
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5๋…„ ํ›„์— ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Even though it's five years, a longย  time away, it's still a scheduled event.
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5๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
So I would say I'm going present continuous.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
I'm going to Australia in five yearsย  because it's a scheduled event.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 5๋…„ ํ›„์— ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:02
Question seven, Samuel toย  Paris at least five times.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 7, ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์—˜์€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œ 5๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
And the answer is Samuel has goneย  to Paris at least five Times Now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์—˜์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์†Œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
There's no indication of time in this example.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
There's no past reference last year, lastย  month, and there's no future reference either.
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์ž‘๋…„, ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ์—๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์ด ์—†๊ณ , ํ–ฅํ›„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
So I know we're just talking about in generalย  and we use the present perfect has gone.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
We use the present perfect toย  talk about life experience,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜,
07:44
the things we have done orย  haven't done in our life.
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์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
And the reason is because our life isย  unfinished, our life is in progress.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
It started in the past and it continues until now.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
So while we're alive and still living, we use theย  present perfect to talk about our life experience.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ง ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Question eight, I think Sarah,ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 8๋ฒˆ์€ Sarah๊ฐ€
08:14
a promotion next year and the answer is Iย  think Sarah will get a promotion next year.
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๋‚ด๋…„์— ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ Sarah๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
So my keyword here is next year,ย  so I know I'm in the future.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋…„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
And notice the other keyword I think.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
08:35
I think we use the future simple toย  make predictions about the future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:43
I think Sarah, I don't knowย  this 100%, it's a prediction.
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” Sarah, ์ด๊ฑด 100% ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด. ์˜ˆ์ธก์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์•ผ.
08:50
I think Sarah will get aย  promotion next year #9 the client.
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” Sarah๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋…„์— #9 ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
08:59
By the time I checked my messages, the clientย  had called By the time I checked my messages.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
This is the past perfect.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
The past perfect is used toย  talk about a past action,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘, ์ฆ‰
09:17
a completed past action that takesย  place before another past action.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘ ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
So on our timeline, we have two past events.
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ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์—๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
The client called, I checked my messages.
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๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Now we use the past perfect for the first pastย  action which is the older action and we useย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ „ ์ž‘์—…์ธ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘์—…์ธ
09:46
the past simple for the second past actionย  which is the newer action On our timeline.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:54
The client had called by theย  time I checked my messages.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
And finally question 10.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 10. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค์—๋Š”
10:02
I can't believe they their babyย  by the time we get there and theย ย 
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
answer is I can't believe they will haveย  had their baby by the time we get there.
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:19
Which vertence is this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:21
The future perfect.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜.
10:23
We don't use the future perfect too often,ย  but it's still an important verb tense.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
We use the future perfect to talkย  about a completed action in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
So let's say right now it's summer 2022ย  and the baby is due in the fall 2022.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด 2022๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด๊ณ  2022๋…„ ๊ฐ€์„์— ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
So right now in summer, it'sย  an future action, right?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
10:55
But let's say I'm traveling to visitย  this couple in the winter of 2022.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ 2022๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
So I'm going to take my timeline from now andย  I'm going to change the timeline to winter 2022,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์„ 2022๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
and by winter 2022, the baby will have been born.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2022๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
11:22
So that action, although it's a future action now,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ด์ง€๋งŒ
11:27
when I change the timeline to winter 2022,ย  the action will actually be in the past.
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ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์„ 2022๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
So did you enjoy this grammar test?
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
11:38
Do you want me to make more tests just like this?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋” ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:42
If you do, then put more tests,ย  more tests in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:47
And of course, make sure you likeย  this video, Share with your friendsย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ 
11:50
and subscribe so you're notifiedย  every time I post a new lesson.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
11:57
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:03
And I have another great lesson thatย  will help you improve your grammar,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
12:07
so make sure you watch it right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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