48 Minutes of Advanced English Vocabulary To Boost Your FLUENCY!

37,246 views ใƒป 2023-12-08

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
In this lesson, you're goingย  to expand your vocabulary withย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:03
all the common C1 vocabularyย  that you need to sound fluent.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ C1 ์–ดํœ˜๋กœ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:08
Sound professional, sound advanced.
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์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ, ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
00:11
Welcome back to JForrest
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:12
English, of course.
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.
00:13
I'm Jennifer.
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00:13
Now let's get started.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
First, let's review the most common C1 verbs.
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๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ C1 ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Now, I'm going to start this with a quizย  to see how well you know this vocabulary.
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
So you'll complete a quiz, you'll learn theย  vocabulary, and then you'll complete theย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ  ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‹ค์Œ
00:30
quiz again so you can see how much you'veย  improved from the beginning to the end.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ฉด์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
So you'll complete a lot of quizzesย  throughout this whole lesson.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:39
So let's start your first quiz.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Question one, the organizationย  better access to healthcare.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
Now I'm only going to give you 3 secondsย  to answer, which is not a long time.
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์ด์ œ 3์ดˆ๋งŒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
So of course, hit pause, take as much time as youย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
00:59
need and when you're readyย  to see the answer, hit play.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋ณผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
01:06
Advocates for Question 2.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 2๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
The architect will the design concept duringย  the presentation elaborate on question three.
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ค‘์— ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 3์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
The company plans to a new recyclingย  program to implement Question Four.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ 4๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
As the fog lifted, the majestic mountain emerged.
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์•ˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑทํžˆ์ž ์žฅ์—„ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์ด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Question 5.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 5.
01:46
Healthy fats and proteins, Aย  balanced diet, constitute Question 6.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ, ๊ท ํ˜• ์žกํžŒ ์‹๋‹จ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ 6์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
The graduation ceremony will at 10:00 AM sharp.
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์กธ์—…์‹์€ ์˜ค์ „ 10์‹œ ์ •๊ฐ์— ์—ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Commence Question 7 yesterday.
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์–ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 7์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:12
The art exhibit a wide range ofย  contemporary art encompassed Question 8.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 8์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์„ ์ „์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
The new furniture.
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์ƒˆ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ.
02:27
The paint color compliments question nine.
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ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 9๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
She used expressive bodyย  language to her excitementย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ ˜์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
02:41
about the trip convey and finally, question 10.
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์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 10์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Right now, the team in theย  conference room is assembling.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์— ํŒ€์ด ๋ชจ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
So how'd you do with the quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์—ˆ์–ด์š”?
03:02
Now remember, it doesn't matter whatย  your score is, because now you'reย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ
03:06
going to learn all the concepts in detail,ย  and then you'll complete the quiz again.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
And I promise your score will beย  a lot higher this second time.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
So let me explain each of these verbsย  in detail right now to advocate.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๊ฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Advocate.
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์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค.
03:26
This means that you support, recommendย  or speak in favor of something.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:33
For sentence structure,ย  you advocate for something,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:38
you need that preposition for,ย  and then you have your something,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ for๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ for๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ
03:43
a noun or a gerund verb, because youย  have the preposition for as an example.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Environmentalists advocate for stricterย  regulations to protect endangered species.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ข…์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
If the environmentalists advocate for theseย  stricter regulations, it means they want them,ย ย 
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ก ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:07
they recommend them, they supportย  them, and they speak in favor of them.
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์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And notice that preposition for.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ for๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:16
Environmentalists advocateย  for stricter regulations.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
To elaborate, elaborate.
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์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
04:24
This is when you add more detail or information toย  a statement or explanation for sentence structure,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ,
04:33
you elaborate on something and that somethingย  is your idea, your statement, your explanation.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ์ง„์ˆ , ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
So notice that preposition here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:45
We need on advocate for elaborate on for example?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:52
The professor asked Mark to elaborate on hisย  research findings during the presentation.
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๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ค‘์— Mark์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:01
So Mark is presenting, he'sย  sharing information aboutย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Mark๋Š” ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
05:05
his research findings, but the professor said.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Can you elaborate on this?
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
05:13
So Mark needs to provide more information,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Mark๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด, ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜
05:16
more details, and by doing so he'sย  elaborating on his research findings.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
To implement implement this isย  when you put something into aย ย 
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๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™ ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:29
fact or action or you apply orย  carry out a plan or decision.
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๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
For example, the company plans to implementย  a new marketing strategy to increase sales.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ถœ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
So they're going to implementย  this marketing strategy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ „๋žต์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
They're going to put it into effect.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Once it's in effect, it means it is active,ย ย 
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ณ ,
05:55
it is doing what you wanted it to do,ย  and notice here you implement something.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
So we don't need an additional prepositionย  between our verb and our noun or clause.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Implement the marketing plan.
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Implement the strategy,ย  implement the recommendations.
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์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถŒ์žฅ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:20
To emerge, emerge.
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:23
This is when something comes intoย  existence or becomes visible or apparent.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
For example, as the sun set,ย  the city skyline emerged.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์Šค์นด์ด๋ผ์ธ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
In all its splendor, the city skyline emerged.
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๊ทธ ํ™”๋ คํ•จ ์†์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์Šค์นด์ด๋ผ์ธ์ด ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
It became visible or apparent.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
Apparent is another way of saying visible.
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
If something is apparent, it means you can see it.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
A problem can also emerge, which means thatย  problem is visible or apparent To constitute,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค(
07:02
constitute this means to be part of aย  whole or to form or make up something.
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๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค)๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
For example, these five sectionsย  constitute the Annual Report.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด 5๊ฐœ ์„น์…˜์ด ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
So these five sections make up the Annual report.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด 5๊ฐœ ์„น์…˜์ด ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
They form the Annual Report.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
They're a part of the Annual Report.
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
So the sections are the individual partsย  and the whole is the annual report.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„น์…˜์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
And these five sections constitute makeup orย  form the annual report to commence, commence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด 5๊ฐœ ์„น์…˜์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
This simply means to begin or start something.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
Remember that all of theseย  verbs are advanced C1 verbs.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ C1 ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:57
They are more advanced ways of sayingย  simple things like start, commence.
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์‹œ์ž‘, ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
But also remember that to be consideredย  fluent and advanced in English,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
08:08
you need to know these alternative waysย  and advanced grammatical structures.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:15
So commence is the advanced wayย  of saying to start or begin.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:20
For example, the conference will commence with aย  keynote speech by A renowned expert in the field.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์กฐ ์—ฐ์„ค๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
Of course you can simply say start, but to soundย  more advanced you can say commence to encompass,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋‹ค, ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
encompass this means to include orย  contain, or to cover or surround entirely.
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์ด๋Š” ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฎ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
For example, the project scope encompasses aย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—๋Š”
08:52
wide range of topics relatedย  to sustainable development.
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
If it encompasses a wide range of topicsย  related to sustainable development,ย ย 
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:03
it means that it includes or containsย  these topics and the project scope.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
The scope of a project is what aย  project will include or cover O.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. O.
09:18
If it is within the scope the project will do it.
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๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
If an item is outside of the scope,ย  well then the project will not do it.
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ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นญ์ฐฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:27
You might need to commence startย  a new project that encompassesย ย 
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09:34
that other item that contains thatย  other item to compliment compliment.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
This means to enhance or complete something byย  adding an additional item that harmonizes with it.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:51
In plain English, it means that you addย  something that goes well with it that matches it.
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ํ‰์ดํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
For example, the red shoesย  complemented her black dress perfectly.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฒ€์€ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
She has her black dress well.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ž…์–ด์š”.
10:11
What color harmonizes with black?
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๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ‰์ด ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋‚˜์š”?
10:14
What color goes well with black?
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๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ‰์ด ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”?
10:18
Red, red and black complement each other.
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๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰, ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰, ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
So she chose red shoes to complementย  her black dress to convey convey.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ๊ตฌ๋‘๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด ์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
This means to communicate orย  express a message or information.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
For example, the artist used muted colors toย  convey a sense of tranquility in the painting.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ํ‰์˜จํ•จ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:47
The artist used these colorsย  to convey a certain emotion,ย ย 
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์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:53
to communicate that emotion,ย  to express that emotion.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
Muted colors are very soft colors,ย  tranquility, that is a feeling of calm.
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์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ƒ‰์ƒ, ํ‰์˜จํ•จ, ์ฆ‰ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
So when you look at thisย  painting, the feeling is conveyed.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์ „ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
11:12
The feeling is communicated or expressed.
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๊ทธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
To assemble, assemble, this means to gatherย  or to put together parts to create a whole.
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์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋‹ค, ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
For example, tomorrow let's assemble in theย  conference room to discuss the proposal.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด์ผ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:33
In this sense, it means to gather.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
11:36
So when individuals assemble, first they'reย  individuals, but then the whole is the team.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ชจ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํŒ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
So you have the individual members, but then whenย  they assemble, they combine to form the team.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๋ฉด ํŒ€์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
And it can also mean to gather.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์œผ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
When people gather, they are individualsย  and they come together as a whole.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Tomorrow, let's assemble in theย  conference room to discuss the proposal.
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๋‚ด์ผ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:06
Now that you're more comfortable with theseย  advanced verbs, let's do that quiz again.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Here are the questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
Hit, pause.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ.
12:16
Take as much time as you need, and whenย  you're ready to see the answers, hit play.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
12:24
So how did you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์—ˆ์–ด์š”?
12:27
Let's find out.
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์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด์ž.
12:28
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Hit, pause.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ.
12:31
Take as much time as you need to reviewย  these answers and when you're done, hit play.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
12:39
Amazing job.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
12:40
Now share your scores from the quizzes andย  let's move on and start with C1 Adverbs.
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์ด์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  C1 ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
Question one, it's almost winter,ย  so the cold weather is approaching.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ด์ œ ๊ณง ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ถ”์šด ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
Now I'm only going to give you 3ย  seconds, which is not a lot of time.
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์ด์ œ 3 ์ดˆ๋งŒ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
So hit pause, take as much time as you need,ย  and when you're ready, hit play inevitably.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
13:10
Question Two She disagreedย  with the new policy vehemently.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 2 ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Question 3.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 3.
13:21
Despite the small error, the customerย  complained about the mistake inordinately.
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์ž‘์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
Question 4 The presentation was informative,ย  but some sections felt detailed superfluously.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 4 ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์€ ์œ ์ตํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„น์…˜์€ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
Question Five.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 5.
13:46
He forgave his friend for the mistakeย  and even offered to help fix it.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์šฉ์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
Magnanimously.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
13:57
Question 6 The rain fell throughout the night,ย  making it difficult to sleep incessantly.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 6 ๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค์„œ ์ž ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
Question 7 The Carpenterย  swung his hammer precariously.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 7 ๋ชฉ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํœ˜๋‘˜๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
Question eight, He was angry about beingย  fired, but now he can start his art career.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 8. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ณ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์— ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
Ostensibly Question 9, the family agreed toย  spend their vacation in Morocco unanimously.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ 9์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ”์—์„œ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
And finally, Question 10.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 10์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
The old clock chimed everyย  hour without fail, perpetually.
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์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋งค ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์–ด๊น€์—†์ด ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
So how did you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์—ˆ์–ด์š”?
14:55
Don't worry if you did terribly,ย  you got zero out of 10/5 out of 10.
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์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. 10์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 10/5์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
That's OK because now I'm going toย  explain each adverb in detail incessantly.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:08
Incessantly.
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด.
15:09
This means without interruption or continuously.
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์ด๋Š” ์ค‘๋‹จ ์—†์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
For example, the alarm kept ringingย  incessantly until she finally woke up.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๋žŒ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
Of course I could say the alarm keptย  ringing until she finally woke up.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
Adverbs are not required in a sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
But when I say incessantly, youย  have this picture in your mindย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
15:38
of this action happening non-stop, continuously.
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์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์— ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
So all of a sudden it sounds a lot moreย  annoying or frustrating than without the adverb.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
The alarm kept ringing incessantlyย  until she finally woke up.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๋žŒ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
Inevitably, inevitably, that's fun to say.
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
Inevitably, this means certain to happen.
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
So let's take an example with population growth.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
I could say with the increasing population,ย  traffic jams are inevitably becoming more common.
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตํ†ต ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํ”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
Again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ.
16:21
I could simply say trafficย  jams are becoming more common.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ์ด ์ ์  ๋” ํ”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:25
But when I add inevitably, it emphasizes that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ตณ์ด ๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ž๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:30
And you know that this isย  definitely going to happen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ดย ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:36
This is certain to happen.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
And of course a traffic jam is when you are unableย  to move because there are cars all around you.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
A traffic jam, something that weย  inevitably deal with inordinately,ย ย 
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๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
16:57
inordinately, this means excessively or unusually.
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๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
For example, he was inordinatelyย  excited about his art exhibition.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
Of course you expect someoneย  to be excited about their artย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ 
17:15
expedition or any source of event or presentation.
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ํƒํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์†Œ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:21
But if you say he was inordinatelyย  excited all of a sudden, I don'tย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ
17:27
think this is a good thing because itย  means there is too much excitement.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:33
The amount of excitement is notย  appropriate to the situation.
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ํฅ๋ถ„์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
So this is how adverbs areย  so valuable because they canย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š”
17:43
really change the overall meaning of a sentence.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
He was inordinately excited aboutย  his upcoming art exhibition,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ,
17:53
and maybe you were inordinately upsetย  about making a mistake In English.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
It's normal to make mistakes,ย ย 
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์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด
18:03
but the amount of upset that you becameย  was too much given the situation.
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ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
Magnanimously, Magnanimously.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
18:14
That's a long word.
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๋ง์ด ์ฐธ ๊ธธ๊ตฐ์š”.
18:16
Magnanimously.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
18:18
This means in a generous and for giving way.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–‘๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
For example, my old boss was magnanimouslyย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜์˜ ์˜› ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
18:27
friendly after he found outย  I started my own company.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
So I was working for thisย  company, but then I quit,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€๊ณ ,
18:37
I left and I started my own company that's goingย  to compete directly with the existing company.
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ํ‡ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
So you would expect thatย  my boss, my previous boss,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ, ๋‚ด ์ „ ์ƒ์‚ฌ,
18:50
my old boss, would be upset, but he was friendly.
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๋‚ด ์˜› ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์นœ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
So I can say magnanimously friendly to showย  that he was friendly in a forgiving way.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:03
He wanted to show that he wasn't upset becauseย  I left and started my own company, ostensibly.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:11
Ostensibly, this means appearing as oneย  thing when it is really something else.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:19
For example, he was ostensibly happy,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์œผ
19:23
so I know that he's appearing happy,ย  but there's really something else.
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๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
So in reality he isn't happy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:33
I know that because I said ostensibly happy.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค.
19:38
He was ostensibly happy about the news,ย  but deep down he was really worried.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:46
So he appeared happy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
But in reality, he's worried deep down.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์†์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
19:52
That represents the feelings on the insideย  that we generally don't show to the public.
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:59
Perpetually, perpetually.
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์˜์›ํžˆ, ์˜์›ํžˆ.
20:03
This means constantly or continuouslyย  over a long period of time, for example.
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:10
She's perpetually late.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:12
This is not a good thing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
Because if you said she's late, well,ย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”,
20:17
that simply means she's late rightย  now in this specific situation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:22
But if I add the adverb perpetually, Iย  know it means constantly, which is allย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
20:29
the time it's a reoccurring action, orย  continuously over a long period of time.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€์†์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:36
She's perpetually late.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
Not a good thing.
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์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:41
Precariously, precariously.
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์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ, ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ.
20:45
This means dangerously or in an unstable way.
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์ด๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:50
For example, the hiker walked precariously alongย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋“ฑ์‚ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ
20:56
the edge of the Cliff, soย  there's an edge of a Cliff.
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์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:01
That's already a dangerous situation,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ๋ฐ,
21:04
but if he's walking precariously, itย  means he's walking in an unstable way.
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์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
21:11
So he's walking like this or a dangerous way.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:15
He's extremely close to the edge of the Cliff.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:20
Superfluously.
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๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
21:22
This is also fun to say superfluously.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค.
21:26
This means in an unnecessary or excessive manner,ย  so too much, too much beyond what is needed.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด, ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:37
For example, the report was superfluously long,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
21:42
so reports can be long, but if you say it wasย  superfluously long, it means unnecessarily long.
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๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:50
They made one section of the report 10 pages,ย  when it could have easily been one page.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ํ•œ ์„น์…˜์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ 10ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
21:59
So hopefully you don't think thatย  this video is superfluously long,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
22:05
excessively long, too long,ย  then needed, wanted or desired.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:12
Unanimously.
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๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ.
22:14
Unanimously.
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๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ.
22:15
This means with completeย  agreement of all parties involved.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:21
So everyone agrees with the same thing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:25
They all agree yes, or they all agree no,ย  or they all agree some other decision.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:33
For example, the board membersย  unanimously approved the annual report.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์€ ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ์Šน์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:40
This means that every boardย  member said yes, I approve.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด '์˜ˆ, ์Šน์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:46
They unanimously approved vehemently.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์Šน์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:50
Vehemently.
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๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
22:52
This means in a strong and emotional way.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:56
For example, she vehemently opposedย  the idea of relocating to a new city.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:04
When you relocate, it means you permanently moveย  from where you live now to a different location.
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์ด์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:13
So she opposed this idea.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:16
She didn't want to relocate.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:18
But if I say she vehemently opposed,ย  you know it was with strong emotion.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:25
She feels very strongly that sheย  doesn't want to move to relocate.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:32
She vehemently opposed relocating to a new city.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:37
Now that you're more comfortable withย  these adverbs, let's do the same testย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์— ์ข€ ๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:41
again and I promise you'llย  do a lot better this time.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:45
Here are the questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:47
Hit, pause.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ.
23:48
Take as much time as you need, and whenย  you're ready to see the answers, hit play.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
23:56
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:57
Hit pause, review them, and whenย  you're ready to move on, hit play.
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์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง
24:06
You're doing awesome.
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์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
24:07
Share your score from thoseย  quizzes and let's review C1 nouns.
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ํ•ด๋‹น ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ  ํ•˜๊ณ  C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:15
Question one, she's a good detective.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํƒ์ •์ด์—์š”.
24:18
We can trust her.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:21
Now, I'm only going to giveย  you 3 seconds to answer,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์‘๋‹ตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 3์ดˆ๋งŒ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:24
so hit pause if you need more timeย  and then hit play when you're ready.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์‹œ๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
24:29
Her inferences.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ถ”๋ก .
24:32
Question two Have you always hadย  towards languages and inclination?
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 2 ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
24:42
Question 3.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 3.
24:44
Choosing between studying abroad or stayingย  home close to family is a a dilemma.
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์œ ํ•™์„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ง‘์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:55
Question 4.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 4.
24:56
Learning a new language is a worthwhile endeavor.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:03
Question 5 The word freedom hasย  positive for most people connotations.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 5 ์ž์œ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:14
Question 6, lockdowns during COVIDย  created a lot of controversy.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 6, ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ์‡„๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:24
Question Seven There was a big inย  the election results disparity.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 7 ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:34
Question 8.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 8.
25:36
J for his English lessons act as aย  in my language learning a catalyst.
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J์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋‚ด ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:46
Question nine, she gets herย  friendly from her mother.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 9๋ฒˆ, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์นœ๊ทผ๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:53
Disposition.
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์ฒ˜๋ถ„.
25:56
Question 10 Your is your best quality resilience.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 10 ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:05
So was that quiz difficult for you?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‚˜์š”?
26:08
It probably was, but don't worryย  because you haven't learned these yet.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
26:12
So now I'm going to teachย  you each C1 noun in detail.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:17
And then you'll do that quiz againย  and I promise your score will improve.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ’€๋ฉด ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:22
Disparity.
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์ƒ์ด.
26:24
Disparity.
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์ƒ์ด.
26:25
This is a noticeable differenceย  or inequality between things,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š”
26:31
often in terms of quantity, quality, or status.
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์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:35
For example, there is a significant disparityย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
26:40
in income levels between theย  rich and poor in this city.
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์ด ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„
26:46
Remember grammatically thatย  we're talking about nouns.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
26:50
So pay attention to if theย  noun requires an article,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€,
26:55
or if not, because it's eitherย  an exception or it's uncountable.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:01
In this case, we have a disparity.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:04
We need an article.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:07
There is a modifier, a significant disparity.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:11
The article is conjugated with the modifier.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:16
So if you need a or an, it depends onย  what directly comes after the article.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ a ๋˜๋Š” an์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:23
A significant disparity.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:25
Resilience.
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ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ.
27:26
Resilience.
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ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ.
27:28
This is a concept and it's when you can recoverย  quickly from challenges or difficulties.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:36
For example, the community'sย  resilience was evident in howย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง„ ์ดํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์žฌ๊ฑด๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:42
quickly they rebuilt afterย  the devastating earthquake.
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.
27:47
So there was this devastatingย  earthquake that destroyed the homes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง€์ง„์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:53
But the city's resilience, their ability toย  recover quickly from challenges or difficulties,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ, ๋„์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—์„œ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋•๋ถ„์—
28:00
allowed them to rebuild the home and noticeย  that the resilience, it belongs to the city.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์„ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:10
The city's resilience.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ.
28:12
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
28:13
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
28:14
That's fun to say.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ฐธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
28:16
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
28:17
This is a difficult situation orย  problem where a choice must beย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
28:23
made between two options, butย  they're equally undesirable.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:29
So both of the options aren't veryย  good, but you have to make a decision.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:36
That's a dilemma.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:37
And notice that article a dilemma.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์กŒ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
28:41
For example, she faced A dilemmaย  between taking a high paying jobย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด
28:46
she didn't enjoy or pursuing her passionย  for art, but with an uncertain income.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ณ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:54
So she can take the high payingย  job, but she doesn't like it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง์—…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:59
Or she can pursue art, but there's no money.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:02
So that's a dilemma, because both ofย  those options have undesirable qualities.
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๋‘ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Š” ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:09
Endeavor.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ.
29:10
Endeavor.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ.
29:12
This is a serious or determinedย  effort to achieve something,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€,
29:17
especially something challenging or worthwhile.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์ „์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:20
For example, the team made every endeavorย  to complete the project ahead of schedule.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŒ€์€ ์ผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:27
Notice here, because it's aย  noun, we sometimes requireย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
29:32
other grammatical structures to make it complete.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:36
And here you make an endeavor.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:39
Otherwise, we could actuallyย  use endeavor as a verb.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:45
The team endeavored to complete the project.
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ํŒ€์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:50
But this lesson is teaching you nouns.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:54
And in this case, endeavor is also a noun.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:57
But you make an endeavor.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:00
In this example, it's made every endeavor.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:04
So we have our verb make in the past Simple.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ make๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:08
And because every implies there was moreย  than one, we don't have an article made.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:16
Every endeavor but endeavor is aย  noun that doesn't take a plural form.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:24
So the noun is plural, butย  we don't add an S to it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:29
Inclination.
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๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ.
30:31
Inclination.
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๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ.
30:32
This is a natural tendency orย  preference towards something.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:37
His inclination towards music led him toย  pursue a career as a professional musician.
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์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:45
So he has a natural tendency towards music.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:50
Or simply he has a preference and because of thatย  preference, he's pursuing a career as a musician.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:58
His inclination and notice theย  inclination belongs to him.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:04
His inclination towards music.
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์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ.
31:08
Catalyst, catalyst.
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์ด‰๋งค, ์ด‰๋งค.
31:10
A catalyst is something that speeds upย ย 
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์ด‰๋งค์ œ๋Š”
31:14
a significant change or thatย  causes a significant change.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:19
For example, the new technology servedย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
31:23
as a catalyst for the company's rapidย  expansion into international markets.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:30
So in this case, the catalyst is theย  new technology and the new technologyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
31:39
allowed the company to speed up aย  significant change, which in thisย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด
31:45
case is expanding into international marketsย  or it simply caused that significant change.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:54
So either they were in the process of doingย  this, or they started it as a new project.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ผ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:03
But the new technology was the catalyst.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ด‰๋งค์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†๋„๊ฐ€
32:07
It speeded up or it caused it.
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๋นจ๋ผ์กŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:12
Disposition.
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์ฒ˜๋ถ„.
32:13
Disposition.
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์ฒ˜๋ถ„.
32:15
This is a person's inherentย  qualities of mind and character.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:20
Or you can think of it asย  one's temperament or nature.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:24
For example, her cheerful disposition made herย  a joy to be around even in difficult situations.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์พŒํ™œํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:33
So here her disposition, disposition is the noun,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ ,
32:38
and it simply represents herย  character, her personality.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:43
And then we have an adjective,ย  her cheerful disposition,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์พŒํ™œํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
32:49
And in that case it soundsย  like a positive disposition.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:52
But somebody could have a negative disposition.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:56
His angry disposition made himย  a negative person to be around.
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ™”๋‚œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:03
To completely change the exampleย  to the opposite connotation.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด
33:10
Connotation.
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๋‚ดํฌ.
33:11
This is the emotional or cultural associationsย  that a word has beyond is literal meaning.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
33:21
So let's take the word home literally.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ž.
33:24
A home is where you live.
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์ง‘์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:28
That's the literal meaning.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:29
So what other connotationsย  are there with the word home?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
33:34
We could say the word home has positiveย  connotations of warmth and security.
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์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•จ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
33:41
So that's the emotional characteristicsย  that the word has beyond is literal meaning.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:50
That's the connotation controversy, controversy.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•จ์ถ•๋…ผ๋ž€, ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด๋‹ค.
33:55
I'm sure you know this one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:57
This is a prolonged public dispute or debate,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ํ† ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ,
34:01
often involving opposingย  views or conflicting opinions.
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์ข…์ข… ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:06
For example, the new government policyย  sparked A controversy among citizensย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ 
34:13
and politicians alike sparked a controversy.
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:17
Here the word spark simply means created.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:21
The controversy only existsย  because of this new policy.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:27
And remember, the controversy is that thereย  are opposing views, conflicting ideas.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด, ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:34
So there's going to be some sort of debate.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:37
Then is going to be a prolonged debate, a longerย  than usual debate, because it's a controversy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธด ํ† ๋ก ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:46
Inference.
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์ถ”๋ก .
34:48
Inference.
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์ถ”๋ก .
34:49
This is a conclusion reached based on evidenceย  and reasoning rather than direct observation.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
34:58
So I could look at somethingย  and reach a conclusion.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:03
That's direct observation, but maybe I don'tย  have the advantage of looking at something,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
35:10
so I have to use evidence andย  reasoning to reach that conclusion.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
35:17
That's inference.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ”๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:19
This is something that detectives do,ย  because detectives don't always get toย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋‹จ์„œ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ญ์ƒ
35:25
simply look at something to directly observeย  it, for example, from the clues provided.
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์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
35:33
So the clues, That's theย  reasoning and the evidence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‹จ์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๋ก ์ด๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
35:37
From the clues provided, the detective made aย  crucial inference about the suspect's location.
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์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฉ์˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:46
So the detective reached a conclusionย  about the suspect's location,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š”
35:51
not based on observation, because if youย  could observe where a suspect is, well,ย ย 
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๊ด€์ฐฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์šฉ์˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฉ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
35:57
then you would know exactly where that person is.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:01
But the detective didn't know.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:02
He had to use inference,ย  the clues to determine that.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๋ก , ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:08
Now that you're more comfortable withย  this vocabulary, let's do the quiz again.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ข€ ๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:13
Here are the questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:15
Hit, pause.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ.
36:16
Take as much time as you need, and whenย  you're ready to see the answers, hit play.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
36:23
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:25
Hit, pause.
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36:25
Take as much time as youย  need to review the answers,ย ย 
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ. ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์ž
36:29
and when you're ready to continue, hit play.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
36:35
Amazing job, share your scores, andย  let's review our final section on C1.
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์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  C1์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„น์…˜์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:41
Adjectives Question one.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 1.
36:44
Sarah's taste in music meant herย  favorite genre changed every week.
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Sarah์˜ ์Œ์•… ์ทจํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋งค์ฃผ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:51
Now I'm only going to give you 3 secondsย  to answer, which is not a long time.
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์ด์ œ 3์ดˆ๋งŒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:56
So hit pause.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
36:57
Take as much time as you need,ย  and when you're ready, hit play.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
37:03
Sarah's Fickle taste in Music Question 2.
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์˜ ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์Œ์•… ์ทจํ–ฅ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 2.
37:08
The smell of freshly baked bread filled.
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๊ฐ“ ๊ตฌ์šด ๋นต ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋‹ค.
37:12
The bakery.
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๋นต์ง‘.
37:15
Pervasive.
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ํผ์ง€๋Š”.
37:18
Question Three.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 3.
37:19
The conference featuredย  scientists from around the world.
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์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:26
Eminent Question 4.
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 4.
37:30
The young boy's nature ledย  him to ask endless questions.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ฒœ์„ฑ์€ ๋์—†๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:38
Inquisitive Question 5.
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 5.
37:43
Chachi PT Is becoming in the workplace.
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์ฐจ์น˜PT๋Š” ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:49
Ubiquitous Question six From the top of theย  mountain They admire the expanse of the valley.
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์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค ์งˆ๋ฌธ 6. ์‚ฐ ์ •์ƒ์—์„œ ๋“œ ๋„“์€ ๊ณ„๊ณก์„ ๊ฐ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:00
Vast Question 7.
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Vast Question 7.
38:04
The novel's ending left a impact on the reader.
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์†Œ์„ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์€ ๋…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:11
A profound impact.
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๊นŠ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ.
38:14
Question eight she had an love of painting.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:21
Intrinsic Question 9.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 9.
38:25
Safety is in the construction industry paramount.
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๊ฑด์„ค์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์ด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:34
And finally, question 10.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ 10์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:36
The fear of the dark seems to beย  in many young children inherent.
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์–ด๋‘ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:45
So how'd you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์—ˆ์–ด์š”?
38:47
Was it easy?
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์‰ฌ์› ๋‚˜์š”?
38:48
Difficult.
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38:48
Don't worry if it was difficult, because nowย  I'm going to explain each adjective in detail.
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์–ด๋ ค์šด.
์–ด๋ ค์› ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:54
Let's do that now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
38:56
Ubiquitous, ubiquitous.
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์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค, ์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค.
38:59
This means present, found,ย  or appearing everywhere.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
39:05
For example, smartphones are ubiquitous devices.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์€ ์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค.
39:10
They're found everywhere.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:12
They're found in every home, every office.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:16
So we can say smartphones are ubiquitousย  devices in every home and office.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:23
Paramount Paramount When something is paramount,ย  it means it's more important than anything else.
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ํŒŒ๋ผ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:32
In emergency situations, the safety of theย  passengers is paramount to the airline crew.
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๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์Šน๋ฌด์›์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:40
So you know the safety of the passengersย  is important to the airline crew.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์Šน๋ฌด์›์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:47
But by including the adjective paramount, youย  know it's more important than anything else.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ paramount๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:55
So the safety of the the passengers is moreย  important than protecting the actual airplane.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:03
The safety of the passengers is paramount.
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์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:06
Vast, vast.
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๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:09
This means a very great extent or quantity.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚˜ ์–‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:15
So when I hear vast, I know that the extent.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:20
Is very great.
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๋งค์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:22
For example, the Sahara desertย  is a vast expanse of sand dunes.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์€ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:29
So of course I know thereย  are sand dunes in the desert.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:33
I know there are many sandย  dunes, but when I hear vast,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ , ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
40:39
the image I have in my mindย  all of a sudden changes.
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๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณค ํ•ด์š”.
40:43
And I see sand dune after sand dune after sandย  dune because it's vast, profound, profound.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด‘ํ™œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:54
This means having deep insight or understanding.
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์ด๋Š” ๊นŠ์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:58
For example, the professors lecture on quantumย  mechanics was profound by using this adjective.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:06
I understand that the person saying thisย  learned a lot of very deep insights orย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŠ์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ
41:13
now has a very deep understanding of the topicย  because it was profound, pervasive, pervasive.
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์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŠ์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
41:24
This means spreading widelyย  throughout a group or an area.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
41:30
Remember we talked about howย  smartphones are ubiquitous?
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์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š” ?
41:35
They appear everywhere.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:38
Well, as a result, we can say that social media isย ย 
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
41:42
a pervasive part of modern societyย  because smartphones are ubiquitousย ย 
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜
41:49
and social media like the J Force Englishย  YouTube channel is now everywhere as well.
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์žˆ๊ณ  J Force English YouTube ์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋„ ์ด์ œ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:56
So it's pervasive.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:57
It is spread widely andย  spread quickly within society.
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๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:03
Inherent.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ.
42:04
Inherent.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ.
42:05
This means existing in something as aย  permanent or inseparable quality or element.
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์ด๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:14
For example, cats have an inherent abilityย  to land on their feet when they fall.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋„˜์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:22
Have you heard that before that when aย  cat falls, it always lands on its feet?
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๊ทธ ์ „์— ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ฐฉ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
42:28
Well, this is an inherent quality.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:32
It's permanent within the cat.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:36
It's not separable from the cat.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:38
The cat didn't learn how to do this.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:41
It's just an inherent quality,ย  inquisitive, inquisitive.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:47
This means showing a strongย  curiosity or willingness to learn.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:53
For example, my daughter was veryย  inquisitive when we were at the museum.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚ด ๋”ธ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:00
Generally, someone displays beingย  inquisitive by asking a lot of questions.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:07
So if you're at the museum with a young child orย  even an adult, and they ask a lot of questionsย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ฅธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
43:15
about what they're seeing, they could also beย  inquisitive by wanting to read all of the signsย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ๊ณผ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ, ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:23
and the posters and the information about theย  objects that they're looking at at the museum.
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๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
43:30
In my opinion, being inquisitive is a veryย  beneficial quality when you're learning,ย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์€ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ๋•Œ,
43:38
especially when you're learning a language.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ์ž์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:40
I love when my students askย  questions when they're inquisitive,ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:45
because it shows they'reย  really trying to understand.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:48
And when you ask questionsย  and you get those answers,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉด ๋‘๋‡Œ์—์„œ
43:52
you're able to form those connectionsย  in your brain and learn faster as well.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:57
So hopefully you are inquisitive whenย  it comes to the English language.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:03
Fickle.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด.
44:04
Fickle.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด.
44:05
That's fun to say.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ฐธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
44:06
Fickle.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด.
44:07
This means changing frequently, especiallyย  in one's loyalties, interests, or affections.
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์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ถฉ์„ฑ์‹ฌ, ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์• ์ •์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:17
For example, the fashion industryย  is known for its fickle trends.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํŒจ์…˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:24
Trends in the fashion industryย  change very quickly, very frequently.
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ํŒจ์…˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:30
One day it could be very fashionableย  to wear a sweater like this, and thenย ย 
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ํ–‰์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ,
44:36
next week they say that is the ugliestย  sweater ever and you shouldn't wear it.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ถ”์•…ํ•œ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ๋ผ ์ž…์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:42
So they're very fickle about what'sย  trendy and what's not trendy.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์œ ํ–‰์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์œ ํ–‰์ด ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:49
The fashion industry could also be fickleย  about which designers they promote and support.
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ํŒจ์…˜ ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:56
Maybe one day this person is theย  designer that everyone's talking about,ย ย 
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„
45:01
but then next week nobody's talking about thatย  person, and there's a totally new designer.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:08
So the fashion industry and many otherย  industries is very fickle, intrinsic, intrinsic.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒจ์…˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:16
This means belonging naturally andย  therefore it's an essential part.
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์ด๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:23
For example, an intrinsic motivation to succeedย  drives some athletes to push their limits.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:32
So they're not motivated by winning a trophyย  because that's an external motivation.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ํš๋“์œผ๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋™๊ธฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:40
The trophy is outside of them.
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ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:42
They're motivated by somethingย  within an intrinsic motivation.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์  ๋™๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
45:49
And just like I said that, being inquisitiveย  is important when you're learning a language.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:56
So is having an intrinsic motivation if you'reย  only motivated to study to pass the IELTS?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด IELTS ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
46:05
Well, that's an external motivation.
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์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋™๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
46:07
And although it's great to have thatย  motivation generally, it's not enough.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:13
Generally, we also need an intrinsic motivationย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
46:17
to really push ourselves andย  succeed our full potential.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:22
Eminent.
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์ €๋ช…ํ•œ.
46:23
Eminent.
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์ €๋ช…ํ•œ.
46:25
This means famous and respectedย  within a specific profession or field.
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์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ง์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
46:33
For example, she was awarded a prize forย  her eminent contributions to the field,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
46:42
the field being the area of her profession.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ๊ณตํ—Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:46
So if she is a quantum mechanic,ย  then that is her field.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:54
Quantum mechanics is her field.
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์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:58
If she is a physicist, then that is her field,ย  her area of study, interest or profession.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ, ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:07
And here is that her eminent contributions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณตํ—Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:11
So it's implying that her contributions are famousย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์ด๋“  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด๋“ 
47:16
or respected within that particular field,ย  whether it be quantum mechanics or physics.
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ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
47:25
Now that you're more comfortable with theseย  adjectives, let's do the same quiz again.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์— ์ข€ ๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:31
Here are the questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:32
Hit pause.
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์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
47:33
Take as much time as you need, and whenย  you're ready to see the answers, hit play.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
47:39
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:41
Take as much time as you need to review them.
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๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
47:43
And when you're ready to continue, hit play.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
47:48
You did an amazing job.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:50
Share your scores from the final sectionย  and if you want me to make more lessonsย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„น์…˜์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
47:56
where we review advanced vocabulary,ย  then put more, more, more, put more,ย ย 
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋”, ๋”, ๋”, ๋”,
48:01
more, more in the comments and I'll keepย  making these lessons on advanced vocabulary.
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๋”, ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
48:06
And of course, make sure you like this video,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ,
48:07
share it with your friends and subscribe soย  you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:12
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
48:16
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:18
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
48:22
Now you learned a lot ofย  vocabulary in this lesson,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:25
but why don't we start onย  improving your listening skills?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
48:29
I have this lesson where you'll testย  and improve your listening skills.
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
48:33
I highly recommend you watch it right now.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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