Read the NEWS in English ๐ŸŒ Advanced Vocabulary and Grammar from CNN

91,120 views ใƒป 2022-11-12

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
In this lesson, you're going to learnย  English with the news. So we're goingย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:05
to read a news article together and you'reย  going to learn a lot of advanced grammar,ย ย 
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•,
00:10
vocabulary and even pronunciation naturally byย ย 
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์–ดํœ˜, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:15
writing this article with me. Welcome backย  to JForrest English training. Of course,ย ย 
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. JForrest English ๊ต์œก์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
00:19
I'm Jennifer and this is your place to become aย  competent English speaker. Now let's get started.ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์œ ๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
Hello, and welcome to our article. As you canย  imagine, we're talking about Twitter today. Soย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €ํฌ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ Twitter์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:37
let me read the headline for you. Elon Musk isย  said to have ordered job cuts across Twitter.ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Elon Musk๋Š” ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ์›์„ ์ง€์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
Now let's clarify job cuts because thisย  is very important for the article. jobย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž‘์—…
00:53
cuts. This means job reductions when youย  cut jobs, you reduce the number of jobs.ย ย 
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์ปท. ์ฆ‰, ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
So hear the word cut is being used as a verb toย  cuts but we're not talking about scissors withย ย 
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cut์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ž‘์—… ์ ˆ๋‹จ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ข…์ด ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:11
paper in this context of job cuts, cut meansย  reduction cuts so we use this specificallyย ย 
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. ์ ˆ๋‹จ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ ˆ๋‹จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŠนํžˆ
01:20
with jobs, job cuts. We can also use this withย  finances. You hear this a lot with the government.ย ย 
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์ž‘์—…, ์ž‘์—… ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ •์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
They might talk about budget cuts, which meansย  reductions, they're reducing the amount ofย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์‚ญ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‚ญ๊ฐ,
01:37
money available budget cuts. You can hear that inย  government but you can also hear it in the privateย ย 
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๊ฐ€์šฉ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์‚ญ๊ฐ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:43
sector. They might have budget cuts, so you don'tย  get a bonus that year. So job has reduction.ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ์‚ญ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ทธ ํ•ด์— ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง์—…์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And as an example sentence, you might say myย  company cut jobs this year. You can include aย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์›์„ ์ค„์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
02:04
number you can say my company cut 500 jobs thisย  year, for example, or the company might sayย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด 500๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ
02:16
we need to cut jobs by 10%. Or you can have aย  specific number by 500 by 100 individual jobs.ย ย 
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์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 10% ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” 500 x 100 ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
So those are some example sentences you'llย  likely see. Let's move on Elon Musk,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Twitter์˜ ์†Œ์œ ์ž์ธ Elon Musk๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:37
who if you didn't know is the owner of Twitter. Heย  recently purchased Twitter. I think it says in theย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— Twitter๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
02:46
article will soon find out Elon Musk plan to beginย  laying off workers at Twitter as soon as Saturdayย ย 
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ Elon Musk๊ฐ€ ํ† ์š”์ผ์— ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ง์› ํ•ด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž„์„ ๊ณง ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
for people with knowledge of the matter saidย  with some managers being asked to draw up listsย ย 
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03:01
of employees to cut okay, we already know whatย  this is employees to cut. So we know that thoseย ย 
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์ž˜๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ์ง์›์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ
03:11
employees their job is going to be eliminatedย  because they need to reduce the number of jobs.ย ย 
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์ง์›๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Now to draw up with you might be thinking ofย  the verb draw, draw a picture but notice thisย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
03:27
isn't just the verb draw what is this because weย  have drawn up draw up so if we have a verb and aย ย 
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™์‚ฌ์™€
03:35
preposition ON IN, then we know it's a phrasalย  verb and phrasal verbs have different meaningsย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ON IN์ด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:44
from the regular verb. So to draw up in thisย  contents to draw up lists, we can draw a listย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
it simply is another way of saying prepare,ย  prepare. Well we use this phrasal verb to drawย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ค€๋น„, ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:01
up in the context of legal or business contracts,ย  documents, proposal proposals. So for example,ย ย 
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๋ฒ•์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ณ„์•ฝ, ๋ฌธ์„œ, ์ œ์•ˆ ์ œ์•ˆ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
04:16
if you are offered a draw a job with a company,ย  they're going to have a contract between you andย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
04:25
the company and that is a legal contract or aย  business contract. Now they're going to drawย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
04:31
up the contract which simply means prepare.ย  And if you are starting a new project and youย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:41
have this proposal, you can draw up the proposalย  which just means prepare. So we use this phrasalย ย 
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์ด ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:48
verb in this specific context and remember, itย  simply means prepare. So as an example sentenceย ย 
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์ด ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ์ด ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ
04:56
in an example sentence, we can say HR is theย  HR department, HR is drying up the contractย ย 
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์—์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ HR์€ HR ๋ถ€์„œ์ด๊ณ  HR์€
05:09
as we speak. So they're in the process ofย  drying up the contract. So you might ask,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋ง๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋ง๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ด
05:14
Hey, do you know when the contract will be ready?ย  And they're like, Oh, they're just drawing it up,ย ย 
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, ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์ค€๋น„๋ ์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ '์•„, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์•ผ.
05:20
which means they're just preparing it now. Let'sย  see anything else from here? Oh, yes, I wanted toย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ง‰ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์•ผ. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋„ค,
05:27
talk about layoffs. Because if we're talkingย  about job cuts, well, then job cuts layoffs,ย ย 
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์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์Œ, ๊ฐ์›์€ ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง„ํ–‰
05:34
they go hand in hand. Because if you have jobย  cuts, it means you need to reduce the number ofย ย 
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๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์›์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง์› ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:43
employees. Now you can do that you can accomplishย  that objective. By laying off workers. Okay.ย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
05:53
So when you lay someone off, you end theirย  employment, you permanently end their employment,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜๊ณ  ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์šฉ์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š”
06:00
but it's very different from being fired. Whenย  you're fired. You also end your employment,ย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๊ณ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒ
06:09
but it's because of your performance. Youย  were not performing very well. You were notย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
meeting the objectives. You were basically aย  bad employee. But when you're laid off, it'sย ย 
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์œ ์ง์›์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋˜๋ฉด
06:26
because of operational reasons they make mightย  not be able to afford you anymore, or they'reย ย 
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์šด์˜์ƒ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:33
no longer selling the product that you were inย  charge so your position does not exist anymore.ย ย 
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๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ง์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
So to lay someone off, this is toย  permanently and one's employment becauseย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:00
of operational reasons. So again, like I said,ย  they might not be able to afford you or simplyย ย 
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์šด์˜์ƒ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
07:14
the direction of the company has changed. So asย  an example sentence, you can say I got laid off,ย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ I got had off๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:28
or you can say I was I was laid off, so you canย  use to be laid off. This is the passive formย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
07:38
of the verb to lay someone off.ย  So the active form is to layย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
07:47
someone off, but you as the employee are receivingย  the action, your company is doing the action. Soย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ง์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
08:01
my company laid me off. This is the pastย  symbol of the verb lay, this is the activeย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
and the passive is I was laid off by my companyย  passive, so you're receiving the action,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” I was made off by my company ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
which is why it's very common to useย  this in the passive form. I was laid off.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ด๊ณ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Now my original example I said get laid off, I gotย  laid off. We can use the forget just to talk aboutย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด ์›๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ณ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Forget์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
that transition I got sick is that transitionย  from not sick to sick so I got laid off is theย ย 
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I got sick ์ „ํ™˜์€ not sick์—์„œ sick so I got off๋กœ์˜
08:50
transition from not laid off to laid off but toย  start get is a more advanced bird and English soย ย 
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์ „ํ™˜์€ not lay off์—์„œ lay off๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ์ƒˆ์™€ ์˜์–ด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
09:00
to start, you can simply use the verb to be let'sย  move on Mr. Musk, who completed a $44 billion dealย ย 
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09:10
to buy Twitter on Thursday has ordered the cutsย  across the company with some teams to be trimmedย ย 
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๋ชฉ์š”์ผ์— 440์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ ๋จธ์Šคํฌ ์”จ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์š”์ผ์— ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:17
more than others said three of the people whoย  declined to be identified for fear of retaliation.ย ย 
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๋ณด๋ณต์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ์‹ ์› ํ™•์ธ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Okay, so notice here we're using cuts againย  and what are cuts, reductions reductions,ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ญ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ญ๊ฐ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ๊ฐ์†Œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
09:34
in this case, the number of employees, butย  I want you to look at this and think what isย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ง์› ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
this? Is this a subject an adjective and adverb?ย  A Verb a Noun? What is this? What part of speechย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ? ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”? ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡
09:50
is this and how does it differ? Because hereย  you'll notice above we were looking at the verb,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์œ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:56
we know it's a verb because it's conjugated.ย  It's used next to a subject and in this case,ย ย 
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์ ‘ํ•ฉํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด ์˜†์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
10:03
it's the infinitive. But what do we have here? Anย  article which tells me it's not a verb. This is aย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
10:11
noun. So this is talking about it as a somethingย  the cuts the job cuts. It's a something so thisย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
10:20
is a noun. And it's very commonly used as the nounย  form, the cuts. Notice how it's in plural becauseย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ ์ปท์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž„์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”
10:30
it's more than one. Technically you could useย  it in the singular and say we cut one job. Thereย ย 
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. ์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ž˜๋ผ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
was a job cut a job cut, that's a something thereย  was one job cut at our company. So this is an owlย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ฌ๋นผ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€
10:53
has ordered our verb here is order hasย  ordered the cuts across the company.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด์— ์ ˆ๋‹จ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
So here I mentioned that Elonย  Musk purchase Twitter. Well,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ Elon Musk๊ฐ€ Twitter๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ,
11:06
he did it for $44 billion, maybe a goodย  deal. Maybe not. I don't really know.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” 440์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ. ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
All right. Let's move on here. The scale ofย  the layoffs could not be determined. Twitterย ย 
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Twitter์—๋Š”
11:26
has around 7500 employees. All right, theย  same thing we saw before with TO CUT andย ย 
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์•ฝ 7,500๋ช…์˜ ์ง์›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด์ „์— TO CUT ๋ฐ CUT ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:37
CUT verb and now we saw to lay off is theย  verb commonly used in the passive form toย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
11:47
be laid off. But here what is this the part Iย  have highlighted? What part of speech is this?ย ย 
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ํ•ด๊ณ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:55
Well, it should be easy for you. It's a nounย  a noun, the scale of the layoffs. So we'reย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:02
just talking about the layoffs. So those areย  the positions that are permanently eliminatedย ย 
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์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šด์˜์ƒ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์˜๊ตฌ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ง์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:12
because of operational reasons. And theย  scale. The scale is just talking about.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ชจ. ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
How big is it is it big is it small, that wouldย  be the scale and they're saying it could not beย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ์ง€ ์ž‘์€์ง€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:26
determined, which is a formal way of saying theyย  don't know they don't know what the scale is. Soย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
12:32
will there be a lot of layoffs, a lot of cuts orย  a small number of layoffs a small number of cuts.ย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ , ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ญ๊ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Now notice how I pronounced this I said 7500ย  employees, the plural is on by us here on myย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 7500 ์ง์›์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด
12:52
now employees, we add that as because there'sย  more than one or 7500 7500 you could also sayย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง์›์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ ๋˜๋Š” 7500 7500์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 7500 7500์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
7500 7500 The choice is yours 7500 or 7500.ย  Both of them are correct commonly use,ย ย 
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์„ ํƒ์€ 7500 ๋˜๋Š” 7500์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:18
you can choose which one you'd like to use. Let'sย  move on. Reports. All layoffs at Twitter hasย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ.
13:27
world since Mr. Musk agreed to buy the company inย  April, the billionaire who also leads the electricย ย 
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๋จธ์Šคํฌ๊ฐ€ 4์›”์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•œ ์ดํ›„ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ
13:34
carmaker Tesla and the rocket company SpaceX hasย  told investors that he would take Twitter private,ย ย 
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด Tesla์™€ ๋กœ์ผ“ ํšŒ์‚ฌ SpaceX๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์–ต๋งŒ์žฅ์ž๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ณต๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:42
reduce its workforce roll back its contentย  moderation rules and find new revenue streams.ย ย 
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์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์†Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์ต์›์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
So here we have reports of layoffs. Is this aย  now wherever reports of something it's a nowย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Is this a now๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
14:04
another way you can tell it's now is because it'sย  one word. As a verb, it is two words you have toย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ž„์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
lay is your verb and off is the prepositionย  to lay someone off. So this is the verb.ย ย 
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lay๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  off๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
Okay. So again, they're talking because of theย  cuts, the job cuts because of the layoffs. It'sย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ์› ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— , ํ•ด๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ ฅ์„
14:37
just natural that you're going to reduce theย  workforce. The workforce is the total number ofย ย 
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์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์€
14:44
people in a company or you could talk about theย  workforce of a city, a country and industry. Soย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
14:53
Twitter had 7500 or 7500 people so you could sayย  that its workforce. The layoffs at Twitter wouldย ย 
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Twitter์—๋Š” 7500๋ช… ๋˜๋Š” 7500๋ช…์˜ ์ง์›์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Twitter์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋Š”
15:07
take place before November 1 date when employeesย  were scheduled to receive stock grants. As partย ย 
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์ง์›์ด ์ฃผ์‹ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ 11์›” 1์ผ ์ด์ „์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:15
of their compensation. Such brands typicallyย  represent a significant portion of employees paidย ย 
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๋ณด์ƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‚ ์งœ ์ด์ „์— ์ง์›์„ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ง์›์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:22
by laying off workers before that date. Mr. Muskย  may avoid paying the grants though he is supposedย ย 
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. ๋จธ์Šคํฌ ์”จ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์‹ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰์„ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:30
to pay the employees cash in place of theirย  stock under the terms of their merger agreement.ย ย 
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.
15:38
So again, we see our layoffs This is being used asย  a noun is our subject actually in this sentence.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ด๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
The layoffs at Twitter take place is a great freeย  is a great expression that just needs to happen.ย ย 
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Twitter์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
The layoffs would happen take place. So that'sย  just a more casual way of saying happened butย ย 
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์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์บ์ฃผ์–ผํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
16:02
it's very commonly used. By a week. So here byย  laying off workers so is this a noun or a verb?ย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๊นŒ์ง€. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•ด๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:12
laying off workers. This is a verb and whatย  conjugation is this verb in this is our gerundย ย 
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๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ํ•ด๊ณ . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ
16:23
verb and we know that because it has theย  ing and it's in the gerund verb because,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ing๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
do you know why? Because if this word right hereย  by. By is a preposition. So we have prepositionย ย 
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ by. By๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ
16:41
plus gerund. That's our sentence structureย  preposition plus gerund by laying off workersย ย 
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+ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€
16:48
before that date. And that is the end of ourย  article. So you learned a lot of very usefulย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋‚ ์งœ ์ด์ „์— ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ
16:57
Business English vocabulary, grammar. We talkedย  a lot about nouns and verbs and changing betweenย ย 
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๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์˜์–ด ์–ดํœ˜, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์™€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— โ€‹โ€‹๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:04
active and passive. So make sure you try someย  of these new expressions in the comment sectionย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
17:11
below. And feel free to go through this articleย  again. And if you have any questions, you canย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋„์›€๋ง์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด
17:16
just leave it in the comment section. As well.ย  Oh, amazing job with this lesson. Think of allย ย 
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๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋˜ํ•œ. ์˜ค, ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ 
17:22
the advanced grammar, vocabulary and pronunciationย  that you learn today naturally in a very engagingย ย 
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
17:29
and fun way. Now of course, make sure you practiceย  need some example sentences with your favorite newย ย 
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์ œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:36
advanced expression from this lesson. And if youย  found this helpful, please hit the like buttonย ย 
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. ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ
17:42
share with your friends and of course subscribe.ย  And before you go, make sure you head on overย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
17:46
to my website JForrestEnglish.com and downloadย  your free speaking guide. In this guide, I shareย ย 
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์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ JForrestEnglish.com์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”
17:52
six tips on how to speak English fluently andย  confidently. And until next time, happy studying!
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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