1 HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - ADVANCED ENGLISH VOCABULARY (Confusing English Words and Confusing Grammar)

94,580 views

2022-12-22 ใƒป JForrest English


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1 HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - ADVANCED ENGLISH VOCABULARY (Confusing English Words and Confusing Grammar)

94,580 views ใƒป 2022-12-22

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome to this one hour English lesson.ย  In this advanced English vocabulary lesson,ย ย 
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์ด 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์˜์–ด ์–ดํœ˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:06
you're going for the most common confusingย  words in English. So in this lesson,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์˜์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:12
you're going to learn a group of confusingย  words or a confusing grammar topic. Andย ย 
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:18
you'll study that you'll learn it andย  then you'll complete a quiz. And thenย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
00:23
you'll continue on. Welcome back to JForrestย  English training, of course, I'm Jenniferย ย 
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๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. JForrest ์˜์–ด ๊ต์œก์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋Š” Jennifer
00:28
and this is your place to become a fluentย  confident English speaker. Let's get started.ย ย 
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:37
First, let's talk about the difference betweenย  during and while ultimately they have the sameย ย 
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๋จผ์ €, while๊ณผ while ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:44
meaning but their sentence structure is different.ย  So that's the important thing to keep in mind. Soย ย 
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์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:51
let's begin with during we use during to talkย  about something that happens over a period ofย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” during๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
00:57
time. So there's this event taking place overย  a period of time, and then something happened.ย ย 
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. ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
It happened at one point during that time. Itย  can also even last for a longer period as wellย ย 
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:11
during that period of time. So for example, Iย  could say my phone rang during the movie. Soย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ํ™” ์ค‘์— ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
01:22
of course a movie has a start and an end aboutย  two hours, right? So the movie is going on andย ย 
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์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋์ด ์•ฝ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ํ™”๋Š”
01:28
on and on. And then at some point from theย  start of the movie to the end of the movie,ย ย 
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๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ํ™” ์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
01:34
my phone rang. It could have been the beginningย  the middle the end, we really don't knowย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ ์ค‘๊ฐ„-๋์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
but I want you to notice the sentence structure.ย  My phone rang during the movie. So what is theย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:48
movie in terms of parts of speech? Is it a verb,ย  adjective or a noun and adverb? What is it?ย ย 
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ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ญ์•ผ?
01:55
It's a noun, a noun and that's the importantย  thing to keep in mind. We use during plus nowย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” plus now ์ค‘์— plus now ์ค‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:02
during plus now, so remember that because that'sย  important when we talk about while y is used toย ย 
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y๊ฐ€
02:10
talk about something that happens at the same timeย  as something else. So just like during, we haveย ย 
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ y์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„์ค‘๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
02:17
one action that's taking place with a start andย  an end. And then while another action will happenย ย 
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์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…์ด
02:25
at some point as well. Now, it can happen for aย  period of time it can be shorter or longer, butย ย 
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์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์งง๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:32
it has to happen between the start and and anotherย  action. So if you're thinking, Well, that soundsย ย 
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์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—… ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
02:41
exactly the same as journaling because we duringย  we how to start and ends and then the actionย ย 
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์ €๋„๋ง๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ํ–‰๋™์ด
02:47
happens. You're right. The meaning is basicallyย  this thing. Okay? But it's the sentence structureย ย 
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์•„. ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€
02:54
that's different. So listen to this example.ย  My phone rang. While I was watching the movie.ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚ด ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ.
03:03
My phone rang while I was watching the movie.ย  Comparing that to during my phone rang duringย ย 
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์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
03:10
the movie. So we already know that during weย  need a now with while we use a clause so weย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:18
need a subject, a verb and then an object so youย  can think of it as a sentence. My phone rang whileย ย 
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์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
subject I when verb was watching the object theย  movie while I was watching the movie. I can't sayย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์–ด I ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:34
while the movie. I can't say that. And I can't sayย  during I was watching the movie. I can't say thatย ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:42
either. So basically it's the same meaning it'sย  just different sentence structures that will tellย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋ฉฐ
03:48
you which one you want to use. If you're usingย  a now if during if you're using a clause or aย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ if while ์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜
03:55
sentence, then if while so now it's your turnย  to practice. I want you to leave two examplesย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ if while so ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:01
in the comments below, one with zero and oneย  with while Are you ready for your quiz. Headย ย 
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. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” 0์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ—ค๋“œ
04:08
pause take as much time as you need and whenย  you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:20
Let's continue on and talk about the differenceย  between the present simple and will presentย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
04:26
continuous. This is a mistake that I see studentsย  making quite a lot and this is the mistake thatย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ
04:32
I see my advanced students make. Now you needย  to keep in mind that when you use a differentย ย 
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์ƒ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
04:39
verb tense, the meaning changes. So when Iย  hear I live in Paris, in the present simpleย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ I live in Paris๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ
04:48
that is different from I'm living in Paris, theย  meaning is different and I'm going to interpretย ย 
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I'm living in Paris์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ 
04:58
them differently simply because of the verb tenseย  you use. Now our present simple I live in Paris ofย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ I live in Paris
05:06
course the for the present simple we just takeย  our base verb, which is the infinitive withoutย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:11
to remember we need to conjugate this with ourย  subject so if it was she, it would be she liveย ย 
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05:19
in Paris. Okay, now we use the present simpleย  for routines like I'm sure you know, but we alsoย ย 
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. ์ž, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ƒ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—
05:27
use the present simple when we're talking aboutย  permanent situations. Or you can think of them asย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š”
05:33
simply fat. So when I hear someone say I live inย  Paris, I see this as a mom and Aunt situation. Iย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋šฑ๋šฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์ด๋ชจ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
05:44
live in Paris. I live in Paris today, and I'mย  going to be living in Paris for the future asย ย 
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:50
well. It's a permanent situation now let's take aย  look at our next sentence. I am living in Paris.ย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
So this is the present continuous. Now of courseย  we form the Present Continuous with the verb toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ to์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:05
be conjugated with our subject. So I'm living sheย  is she's living conjugated with our subject. Andย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
06:14
then we need our verb in ING form she's livingย  on living. Now we use the present continuousย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ING ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. she's living on living. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
06:23
for situations taking place right now. Right butย  we also use the present continuous for temporaryย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:32
situation. So when I hear I living in Paris, Iย  think of this as a temporary situation. So I thinkย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
06:43
you're living in Paris right now, but you don'tย  expect to be living in Paris in the future. Whenย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์ œ
06:51
in the future. Well, that isn't clear. But when Iย  hear it, I think of it as a temporary situation.ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—. ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
07:00
And this is a big difference. If you live in Parisย  permanently, or you live in Paris temporarily,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:09
right? Because you cannot imagine if you goย  to a job interview, and then you say to theย ย 
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๋งž์ฃ ? ์ทจ์—… ๋ฉด์ ‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
07:16
interviewer, I'm living in Paris, well, theyย  might not think that you're going to be in theย ย 
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๋ฉด์ ‘๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ์ €๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:23
city for very long. So they might not considerย  you as an applicant because they want somebodyย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ง€์›์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:29
who's going to be in the position for a longย  time. But you are only going to be in the cityย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:35
temporarily. Right? So that could have a reallyย  big impact. Or same thing. If you're on a date,ย ย 
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. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์ •๋ง ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ 
07:43
and you're talking to a potential romanticย  partner. But you say I'm living in Paris. Well,ย ย 
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„,
07:51
they might think well, it's not worthwhile toย  pursue this relationship because she's goingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ด์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:56
to be moving in the future. So there's aย  big difference in meaning between theseย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
two sentences. So keep in mind, we use theย  present simple for a permanent situation,ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
08:09
and the Present Continuous for a temporaryย  situation. So now it's your turn to practice.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
I want you to put in the comment. One sentence inย  the present simple that's a permanent situationย ย 
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์•„์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ
08:23
and one sentence in the present continuous,ย  temporary situation. Are you ready for yourย ย 
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๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง€์†์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”
08:30
quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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? ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:43
Let's move on and talk about the differenceย  between the one and we're now of course bothย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ the one๊ณผ we're now์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค
08:50
was and were are the past forms of the verb to beย  and we use what and we're in different grammaticalย ย 
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was์™€ were๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ to be์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ what๊ณผ we're๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:59
structures in English. The most common time you'llย  see was or word is in the past simple. So let usย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
09:08
just take a present statement. Let's use to beย  late. So here we have the verb to be to be late.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋Šฆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋™์‚ฌ be๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
Now if I want to make a sentence in the past,ย  for example, yesterday, yesterday, I know I takeย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์–ด์ œ, ์–ด์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:28
my verb to be and I need to conjugate this in theย  past. There are two different choices was or wereย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ be๋กœ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
your choice depends on the subject. So in orderย  to know which one you need was or where you simplyย ย 
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์„ ํƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:45
look at your subject. Yesterday I the subject isย  i Yesterday, I was late. Yesterday, I was lateย ย 
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๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ I ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” i ์–ด์ œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค
09:58
yesterday you you were yesterday. Youย  were late. Yesterday she was late.ย ย 
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์–ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Yesterday he was late. It was late. So noticeย  he she it those are our three options for theย ย 
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์–ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
10:21
third person singular subject. The third personย  singular is conjugated with was yesterday. We weย ย 
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3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”. 3 ์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:32
were late and yesterday they they were late. Soย  you can see that this subject I and third personย ย 
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๋Šฆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์–ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ I ๋ฐ 3
10:44
singular use was this subject you we and they useย  work. That's what you need to remember. So pauseย ย 
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์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ท€ํ•˜์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€
10:55
the video now take as much time as you need toย  memorize that you simply need to memorize this.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์™ธ์šฐ๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Now the same rule applies when we use the verbย  to be in the past in different grammaticalย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:11
structures. So this example was using theย  past simple now we also use the verb to beย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ be ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:20
in the past with the past continuous, the pastย  continuous is formed with subject was or were yourย ย 
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. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ์–ด was or were๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
choice depends on your subject right and thenย  your verb in ING form. I would say yesterday,ย ย 
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์„ ํƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ING ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ๋Š” ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:39
I was running late. We we were we were runningย  late. He he was running late, then they wereย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
11:54
running late. So it's the same rules that weย  just covered. That doesn't change even thoughย ย 
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๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
12:01
we're using a different grammatical structure.ย  This time. It's the past continuous. Now we alsoย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
12:08
use the verb to be in the past. So words are wordsย  depending on the subject in the passive voice. Soย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
let's take an active sentence and I could say theย  present surprised to me, the present surprised me.ย ย 
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๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค, ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
Now I can take this active voice and I canย  turn it into the passion. And I would sayย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ด์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”
12:35
what will you guys tell me? I want to give you aย  second and I want you to write it in the comment.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
What the passive form of this active sentence huh?ย  Write it in the comments. So did you get it? I wasย ย 
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์ด ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ญ์ฃ ? ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด?
12:55
surprised. I was surprised by the present. I wasย  surprised by this present. But now let's see theย ย 
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๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ฌผ์— ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ ๋ฌผ์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ
13:07
act of form used a different pronoun and it wasย  the present surprised us okay, what would thatย ย 
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ํ˜•์‹์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ž. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
be? Now? The present surprised us? What would thatย  be in the passive form? So you guys tell me writeย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ? ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
13:22
it down? In the comments the present surpriseย  us what would that be in the passive voice?ย ย 
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? ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋†€๋ผ์›€์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:28
That would be we we is now the subject so I needย  to think do I need was or Word will remember itย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” Word๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ• ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
depends on the subject. We we use where we wereย  surprised by the President. To summarize theย ย 
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์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋†€๋ž€ ๊ณณ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:48
choice between what or word depends on the subjectย  we use was with the subjects eye or third personย ย 
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. was with the subject eye or three person
13:58
singular he she it we use were with subjects youย  we and that and was in where are you in the pastย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ he she it we use were with subject with you we and that and was in where are you in the past์—
14:10
form of the verb to be this is most commonly foundย  in the past simple past continuous and passiveย ย 
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to be ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์—ฐ์† ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:17
voice. And now you know how to use was or wereย  so you won't be confused. Are you ready for yourย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ was ๋˜๋Š” were๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•˜ ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”
14:26
quiz? Head pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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? ํ—ค๋“œ ์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
14:39
Let's move on and talk about the differenceย  between you and me. Or you and I know theย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
14:46
easiest the absolute easiest way to knowย  which one you need to use is always drawย ย 
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์•„๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
14:53
the you or drop the other person involvedย  and just ask yourself in this sentence,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:02
do I need me or I because when you answer thatย  question in every scenario all you need to doย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
15:12
is then add in the you and it will be correct.ย  So let's take an example of this and I'll showย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
15:20
you what I need. For example, give thatย  to hmm, give that to I give that to me.ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ณ , ์ €๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ค˜.
15:29
What do you guys think? I or me put it in theย  comments below. Give that to I give that to me.ย ย 
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๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ? ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ค˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ค€๋‹ค.
15:38
It would be of course me Give that to me. So nowย  all you need to add is another person you can sayย ย 
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋‚˜์ผํ…๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ์ค˜. ์ด์ œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
15:47
give that to my brother in me. For example. Giveย  that to my brother and me so it doesn't matter whoย ย 
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๋‚ด ํ˜•์ œ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด. ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†๋„๋ก ์ €์™€ ํ˜•์—๊ฒŒ โ€‹โ€‹ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
15:53
you add after. Let's try another example. Let'sย  say you're walking down the street and you seeย ย 
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. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๋‹ค๊ฐ€
16:00
this beautiful garden and you ask a stranger youย  say can you take a picture of huh? Can you take aย ย 
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์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ •์›์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ํ•œ ์žฅ ์ฐ์–ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ €๋‚˜ ์ € ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”
16:09
picture of I or me? Can you take a picture ofย  I? Can you take a picture of me? Which one doย ย 
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? ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ข€ ์ฐ์–ด์ค„๋ž˜? ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ
16:17
you think? Put in the comments below? Can you takeย  a picture of me? So now you just add Can you takeย ย 
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๊ฐ™์•„์š”? ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ์ด์ œ Can you take
16:26
a picture of my friends and me, my friends inย  me, my friends and me it doesn't really matterย ย 
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a picture of my friends and me, my friends in me, my friends and me๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
16:33
what you put in. So let's try another example.ย  Hmm went to the party. Huh? Went to the party.ย ย 
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ  ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋ญ? ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
16:42
So is with me went to the party or I wentย  to the party. What do you think that is inย ย 
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๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”
16:49
the comments? Of course it I went to the party.ย  So all we need to do is add in my friends and Iย ย 
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? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜
16:57
you and I went to the party. Doesn't matterย  what you put before I so one more example.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
ran a marathon. Hmm. I ran a marathon. Me ranย  a marathon. What do you think? In the comment?ย ย 
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๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—?
17:18
I ran a marathon. So now I know is I so I canย  just add you in I ran a marathon my friendsย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ
17:25
and I my husband and my my boss it doesn't matterย  what you put in my sister and I it doesn't matterย ย 
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์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ œ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ๊ณผ ์ €์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:34
so that's the easiest way for you to know ifย  you need you and me or you and I just droppedย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚ด
17:42
the you are dropped them my friends dropย  the whoever it is my co workers and justย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ
17:48
ask yourself Do I need me or I in the sentence.ย  Now, if you're not sure if you need me or I youย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:58
just have to remember this one thing.ย  I is always the subject of a sentence,ย ย 
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์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด,
18:05
the subject of a sentence. Okay, and what'sย  ne ne is the object of a sentence. So justย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  what's ne ne๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
18:16
to quickly study this topic. Let's go back toย  our example of can you take a picture of me?
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”? ๋‚ด ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค
18:24
Can you take a picture ofย  my friends in me hmm okay.
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์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ข€ ์ฐ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ํ  ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
So who is the subject in this sentence? Canย  you so you are the subject in this sentence,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:37
you are doing the action. I am receiving theย  action I'm the object in this sentence. Canย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ I'm the object๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:48
you take a picture of me so I'm not doing theย  action? Right. So the subject is the one doingย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:55
the action. The object is the one receiving theย  action. So that's just a quick overview, but thatย ย 
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. ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
19:03
is how you the easiest way to tell if you needย  you and me or you and not are you ready for yourย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:10
quiz. Hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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. ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
19:23
Let's move on and talk about how in differentย  conjugations and we'll look at how Khan has hadย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  Khan์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:32
and had had. Our infinitive form of the verb isย  to have of course we can use the infinitive inย ย 
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. ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:42
certain sentence structures. For example, I haveย  liked to have more time. So here if the infinitiveย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
19:50
being used, now we can also use the base verb theย  base for is have so we simply drop the two fromย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์‚ญ์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:00
the infinitive together base verb. We can also useย  the base verb and certain sentence structures. Forย ย 
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. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:07
example, all have time tomorrow. Here we're usingย  it in the future simple we need will and a baseย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚ด์ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
20:15
for our base verb is have all have time tomorrow.ย  Now here's where things get tricky. In the presentย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์€ have all have time tomorrow์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:23
simple form of the verb we have two options weย  have have and have. Your choice depends on theย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์—๋Š” have์™€ have ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€
20:32
subject we use. Have for the subject, I you we andย  that for example, they have two kids. Now we useย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด I you we์™€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‘ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
20:45
has in the present simple for the subject, he sheย  an eighth or third person singular For example,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. he 8์ธ์นญ ๋˜๋Š” 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
20:53
She has two kids. The past form of the verbย  is had this is for all subjects. For example,ย ย 
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She has two kids. ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ have this is for all subject์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
21:02
she had a muffin for breakfast. Now here's whereย  things get tricky for students. Let's talk aboutย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ๋จธํ•€์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
21:10
the present perfect. So the present perfect withย  the verb have can be formed in two different ways.ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ have๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:19
It can be formed as has had, or have had now hadย  is the same for all subjects. It doesn't cheat,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†์ž„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
21:32
but has an have changes according to the subject.ย  You already learned this with the present simpleย ย 
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์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:42
so you know that we would use have had for subjectย  I you we and then for example we've had enough andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด had๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค I you we ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด we've have enough and
21:53
we use has had four subjects he she it the thirdย  person singular for example, She's had enough nowย ย 
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we use had four subject he she it 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด She's had ์ด์ œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
22:03
known as how I'm using a contraction, I've knewย  we've they she's he's it native English speakers,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:14
always use contractions with the present perfectย  so I encourage you to get comfortable with that.ย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
22:20
So just remember your choice between have had andย  has had depends on the subject and we use has hadย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ have์™€ has ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ has
22:30
for third person singular he she it and we useย  hotpot for all other subjects. i You we and thatย ย 
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3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ he she it์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์—๋Š” hotpot์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. i ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
22:38
and now we come to had had this sounds reallyย  bizarre right? But it's grammatically correctย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ  ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:45
because this is the past perfect form of the verbย  now had had is used for all subjects so it doesn'tย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— now had had๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:56
change we use had had for I you he she it we andย  so this one is easy to remember you just have toย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” had had for I you he she it we ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค to
23:06
remember that had had is the past perfect and haveย  had and has had is the present perfect that's theย ย 
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had๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด๊ณ  have had์™€ have had๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ž„์„
23:17
thing that you need to remember. Now nativeย  English speakers also use contractions withย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋„ ์•ˆ์ „๋ชจ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:24
hard hat. So you're not going to hear a nativeย  speaker say had had very often you'll hear theย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ
23:30
contraction and the contraction is very subtle.ย  It's a very soft sound. I've had you'd had he'dย ย 
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์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถ•์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I've had you'd had had
23:39
had she'd had it had we'd had they'd have soย  it's a very soft sound added to the subject.ย ย 
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she'd it had it we'd had they'd have ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:49
For example, he'd had a busy week, he'd had a busyย  week. So notice it seems very similar to he had aย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ธ he had a busy week์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:00
busy week, which is just the past simple form ofย  the verb. So let's listen to those two sentencesย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
24:07
again. He had a busy week he'd had a busy week.ย  I think even a native speaker would have a hardย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋„
24:15
time hearing that different. It's the sentenceย  structure and the rest of the sentence that willย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
24:23
let you know if it's a simple past or the pastย  perfect. So you have to pay attention to contextย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ง€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:30
as well. So this is a lesson that you're going toย  have to review a few times to get comfortable withย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:36
it. And I definitely recommend that you justย  take some notes so you remember that differentย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:42
and now I want you to practice. So of course Iย  want you to leave a present simple sentence upย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์œ„๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜
24:50
past simple sentence, a present perfect sentence.ย  And bonus points if you can leave up past perfectย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:58
sentence as well. And remember, your conjugationย  depends on the subject. Are you ready for yourย ย 
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. ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”
25:06
quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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? ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
25:19
Now let's move on and talk about be used to andย  get used to these are must know expressions forย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ be used to ๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ'๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์–ดํœ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
25:27
your vocabulary. Now both of them are used to talkย  about a feeling of comfort when something's new inย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ผ์ƒ ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:36
your daily routine. Okay, so let me give you anย  example. If you watch my video yesterday, you'llย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ œ ์ œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
25:44
know that I'm using a new mouse for my computer.ย  Now this nose is a little bit different. A littleย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์ƒˆ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด ์ฝ”๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:52
bit weird because I have to use my phone to moveย  the mouse which is not normal, right? So becauseย ย 
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ํฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ฃ  ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ
26:01
of that because it's not the normal way to use aย  mouse. I'm not comfortable with this action rightย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:09
now. Okay, so I have to get used to it. I haveย  to get used to it. Notice I said use to it. Itย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
26:21
can be two things. It can be the mouse. I have toย  get used to the mouse, my new mouse perhaps so weย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ƒˆ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
26:31
can have get used to and then I'm now Now I couldย  also say I have to get used to using it using it.ย ย 
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์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:42
Now what do you notice there? In that case, I'mย  using a verb but I'm using a gerund verb a verbย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:51
in ING get use to use that so get used to plusย  gerund. Now this is the case for both be used toย ย 
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ING์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:01
and get used to. After two you can have a noun orย  a gerund verb so pay attention to that structure.ย ย 
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. 2 ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
27:10
Now remember I said I have to get used to thisย  mouse. This means I have to move from a feelingย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์—์„œ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
27:19
of discomfort to comfort and the only reasonย  why is because this isn't new item in my dailyย ย 
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:30
routine. So anytime you add something new to yourย  daily routine, you can use this expression getย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ์ƒ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:39
used to Okay, now how about be used to when doย  we use that? Well, you simply need to know theย ย 
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์Œ,
27:50
difference between get and B. So we use det whenย  we're talking about a transition a transitionย ย 
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get๊ณผ B์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋งŒ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „ํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ det๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:59
from not to in this case not comfortable toย  comfortable. Okay, the transition. So I saidย ย 
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. ์ข‹์•„, ์ „ํ™˜. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
28:08
I have to it's a requirement. I have to getย  used to using this new mounts. So I have toย ย 
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ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์š”๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํƒˆ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
28:17
transition from not comfortable to comfortable.ย  Now, how about a month later you can ask me Oh,ย ย 
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์—์„œ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์— ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋•Œ์š” ์˜ค,
28:25
hey, Jennifer, how's the new mouse? Is it stillย  uncomfortable? And then I can reply a monthย ย 
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์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ์ƒˆ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ์–ด๋•Œ์š”? ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
28:33
later a month after using the smiles every day.ย  I could say no, I'm used to it. I'm used to it.ย ย 
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๋ฏธ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์— ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค.
28:43
And remember that it can be I'm used to theย  mouth or I'm used to using verb and ing. I'mย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž…์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ing๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‚˜๋Š”
28:51
used to using it. So here notice I use the verbย  to be and that's because I'm talking about myย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ to be๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
28:59
current state right now a month into the future.ย  Right now I'm comfortable with using this mouse.
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŽธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:09
So when you get to the point where that newย  item in your daily routine is now comfortable,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์ด์ œ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
29:18
you can use be. I'm used to it, I'm used to it,ย  but when you're in that transition, you'll useย ย 
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be๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
29:29
get, I'm getting used to it, I need to get used toย  it, remember, get and be our vert, so you need toย ย 
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get, I'm getting used to it, I need to get used to it , remember, get and be ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ vert, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
29:39
conjugate them with the time rest friend and theย  subject as well. So if it were she, it would beย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํœด์‹ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
29:46
she is used to it, or she's getting used to it.ย  So don't forget that verb conjugation. So justย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์กŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
29:56
remember that we use B and get used to when we'reย  talking about something new in our daily routine,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” B๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
30:04
and a feeling of comfort with that new activity.ย  We use debt to talk about the transition from notย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™œ๋™์— ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์—์„œ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ
30:12
comfortable to comfortable and we use B to talkย  about the current state as comfortable. Of course,ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  B๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค
30:20
these are both verbs, so you need to conjugateย  them with the subject and the time reference.ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:24
And don't forget our structure. After two we canย  have either a now or a Terran verb. So that'sย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. 2 ๋’ค์—๋Š” now ๋˜๋Š” Terran ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
30:34
everything you need to know to feel comfortableย  and confident using the and get used to. Now ofย ย 
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ํŽธ์•ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
30:41
course, it's your turn to practice. I want you toย  think about something new in your daily routineย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
30:48
for me was using my mouse so what about you, andย  talk about how you're getting used to it and thenย ย 
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๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
30:57
talk about how you are used to it to see if youย  can use be and get to talk about this new itemย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
31:05
in your daily routine. And leave your examplesย  in the comments below. Are you ready for yourย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”
31:10
quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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? ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
31:23
Well, let's move on and talk about collectiveย  nouns. And the conjugation of verbs withย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์™€
31:30
collective nouns. So I'll give you an example.ย  My family arriving tomorrow do I need isย ย 
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์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์ผ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€
31:41
off because in a family there's more than oneย  person right? So it's a family singular or plural.ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊บผ์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:52
What do you guys think? Put it in the comment. Myย  family is my family are what do you think put itย ย 
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๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ? ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. My family is my family are ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
32:00
in the comment family is family are the correctย  answer is my family is my family is arrivingย ย 
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— family is family are ์ •๋‹ต์€ my family is my family is ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:11
tomorrow. Now family is a collective. Now. Whatย  that means is within this now, there is more thanย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก 
32:21
one of course like I said a family there's moreย  than one person right? But we treat that now asย ย 
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:32
one entity. Now you can think of it as we're notย  talking about the individual members within thatย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:41
family. We're talking about a family as a whole.ย  So we're imagining that that family is one unit.ย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
32:50
So that's what you can remember what collectiveย  now they're conjugated as singular because weย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:57
refer to them as one unit. So of course you needย  to know subject verb agreement for the verb to beย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
33:05
and you also need this for the present simple. Forย  example, my family arrives tomorrow not my familyย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์—๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋‚ด์ผ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด
33:16
arrived tomorrow. No, my family arrives tomorrow.ย  Because remember, we need to add that ask forย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ๋„์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
33:26
API's to third person singular he she it vertsย  so let's think of some other collective nounsย ย 
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3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์— API's์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ he she it verts ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
33:36
that are conjugated as third person singular,ย  for example, company, chain think company, manyย ย 
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33:45
different people within that company. We referย  to it as one entity is third person singular. Theย ย 
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. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:54
company is profitable. Team is another one. Ofย  course, there's more than one person on a team,ย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ€์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก , ํ•œ ํŒ€์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
34:03
but we conjugate it as one group one whole soย  team group is a good one community class isย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŒ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์ข‹๊ณ  ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ ์ˆ˜์—…
34:15
another good one as well. Those are all conjugatedย  as third person singular. Now, how about this one?ย ย 
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๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
34:22
Everyone? Is this conjugated. As third personย  singular or plural? Would it be everyone ieย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์ธ๊ฐ€. 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜? ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
34:34
third person singular conjugation or everyoneย  eats? Everyone eats at noon? Everyone eat at noon?ย ย 
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3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋‚˜์š”? ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •์˜ค์— ๋จน๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ค๋“ค ์ •์˜ค์— ๋จน๋‚˜์š”?
34:43
What do you guys think? Is everyone third personย  singular or plural? Let me know in the commentsย ย 
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๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ˆ? ๋ชจ๋‘ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ
34:50
what you think. Everyone, each everyone eats atย  noon. So everyone is third person singular. It's aย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋ชจ๋‘, ๊ฐ์ž ์ •์˜ค์— ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:01
collective noun. There's more than one person butย  we're referring to it as one entity, one unit. Soย ย 
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์ง‘ํ•ฉ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
35:09
this applies for everyone, everybody, anyone andย  anybody. Now some other common collective nounsย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ
35:18
that you'll probably use in your vocabulary. Wouldย  be government. Audience. Jury tried, helpful, soย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์–ดํœ˜์—์„œ ์•„๋งˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒญ์ค‘. ๋ฐฐ์‹ฌ์›๋‹จ์ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
35:29
two people but we refer to them as one the coupleย  is really cute. Couple is a collective now andย ย 
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ปคํ”Œ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ท€์—ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด์ž
35:39
army as well. The army is well prepared. So here'sย  the list of the most common collecting math. Iย ย 
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ž˜ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:48
definitely recommend that you pause the videoย  and you write these down or take a screenshotย ย 
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๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์ƒท์„ ์ฐ์–ด
35:54
so you can add these to your vocabulary. Andย  remember, they need to be conjugated as thirdย ย 
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์–ดํœ˜์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
36:01
person singular. This is a really importantย  grammar concept to make sure you take the timeย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
36:06
and for now to practice. I want you to chooseย  three of these collective nouns and write threeย ย 
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. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ 
36:14
sentences in the comments below just to get reallyย  comfortable with them. Are you ready for yourย ย 
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ง ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”
36:20
quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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? ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
36:33
Now let's move on and talk about the differenceย  between can and be able to now both of these areย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ can๊ณผ be able to์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
36:41
used to talk about ability, but the differenceย  is in the sense of structure that's possibleย ย 
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. ์ด ๋‘˜์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ
36:48
and also what type of ability so first of all,ย  you need to know that can is used for generalย ย 
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์™€ ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. can์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
36:56
ability. So we use it in both the positive formย  and the negative form in a very general context.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:05
For example, I could just say I can swim. Iย  can swim, just in general, anytime, anywhere,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:13
not specific to a specific pool or a specificย  place or a specific type of water just I canย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ์žฅ์†Œ ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌผ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
37:22
swim in general. Now the opposite of course theย  native I can't swim, so it doesn't matter whereย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†๋‹ค
37:29
I am. It doesn't matter what type of pool line manย  what type of water I'm in what time of day it is,ย ย 
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. ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ’€ ๋ผ์ธ ๋งจ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
37:34
where the location is. It doesn't matter in anyย  context in a general context. I can't swim. Soย ย 
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. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
37:43
can is used in positive and negative for generalย  ability. Now let's compare that to be able to,ย ย 
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can์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ that to be able to๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
37:51
so be able to this is used for a specific ability.ย  Now, what does that mean? If it's specific,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ be able to๋Š” ํŠน์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
38:02
you can think of it as specific to a timeย  a location A, a specific type, for example,ย ย 
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์œ„์น˜ A, ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
38:10
is limited. So I could say, I'm not ableย  to swim today. I'm not able to swim today.ย ย 
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์ œํ•œ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:20
Now I wouldn't just say I'm not able to swim,ย  because that sounds like a general statement.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:26
And if it's a general statement to all places,ย  all times all situations, I would use Can I can'tย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์†Œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด Can I can't swim์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
38:33
swim. But if I say I'm not able to that meansย  it's a specific time or a specific location. Soย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ์œ„์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
38:42
I might add that sentence and say I'm not able toย  swim today because the pools closed or because Iย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
38:52
have an important me that or because I'm notย  feeling well. So there's a specific reasonย ย 
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ชธ์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
39:00
that's correct venting that ability. So that's theย  first important distinction can general be able toย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
39:09
specific. Now the other very important thing youย  need to remember is that grammatically these areย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์€
39:18
different. And not because can is a modal verb.ย  modal verbs are limited. They're limited in theย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. can์ด ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ œํ•œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:27
sentence structure that they can use. Now can as aย  modal verb is used in the present and the future.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Now can์€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:36
Be able to this is the verb expression. The verbย  of course is the verb to be. That's the verbย ย 
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Be able to๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” be๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
39:43
that's conjugated with the subject and the timeย  reference. As a regular verb expression we canย ย 
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์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
39:50
use this in any sentence structure, any formation,ย  any verb tense, anywhere on our timeline of past,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•์„ฑ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
39:59
present or future. So, this is very importantย  because remember, I previously told you thatย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์—
40:08
can is used for a specific ability. But let'sย  say you want to talk about a specific abilityย ย 
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can์ด ํŠน์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
40:17
in a sentence structure where a modal verbย  is not possible in that sentence structure.ย ย 
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.
40:25
If that's the case, even if you're talking aboutย  specific ability, you would use be able to,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํŠน์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ be able to๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ
40:33
so you use the able to when can is not possibleย  grammatically. Let me give you an example to makeย ย 
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can์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ able to๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
40:42
this very clear. So I could say Oh, my Godย  needs swim for 20 minutes without stopping.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” 20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:54
So in this case, this is a general ability.ย  This is something that a lifeguard needs. Anyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ช… ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์›์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์ œ
41:01
place any time. It's just a general ability.ย  But what what about this blank here? What doย ย 
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
41:09
I need grammatically to complete the sentence?ย  Well, we have to look at the sentence I haveย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” I have ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
41:16
need as a verb needs, the lifeguard needsย  now need is a verb. The next verb has to
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ๋ช…๊ตฌ์กฐ์›์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
41:26
be in the infinitive form. Now, can as a modalย  cannot be used in any infinitive form. It doesn'tย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ๋กœ can์„ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
41:36
exist. modal verbs are just the verb. They don'tย  change in different structures. So in this case,ย ย 
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. ๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
41:44
I can't say a lifeguard needs pan swim. No,ย  that grammatically doesn't work. Even thoughย ย 
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์ธ๋ช… ๊ตฌ์กฐ์›์—๊ฒŒ ํŒฌ ์ˆ˜์˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„
41:53
I'm talking about general ability. I need anย  infinitive, because of that I have to use beย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” be๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
42:01
able to, and I'd say a lifeguard needs to beย  able to in the infinitive form. Now I haveย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ
42:09
a correct sentence. So now you know howย  to use cam and be able to correctly Areย ย 
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์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์บ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:16
you ready for your quiz? Hit pause, take asย  much time as you need and when you're ready,ย ย 
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
42:22
hit play to see the answers. Now let's move onย  and talk about the difference between rather themย ย 
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์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
42:30
and instead of let's start with rather than ratherย  than is used to state a preference. So you haveย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
42:44
two things and you want to say which one youย  prefer which one you like more your preference.ย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
42:52
Because of that we're most likely going to useย  rather than with the verb prefer. For example,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ ํ˜ธํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
42:59
I prefer making dinner rather than eating out.ย  So I have my two choices. Make dinner eat out,ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์™ธ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋…์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋…์€ ์™ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ,
43:10
and my preference is make dinner. I preferย  making dinner rather than eating out. So ratherย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €๋… ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์™ธ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋…์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
43:22
than is simply used to connect those ideasย  and form that complete sentence. Now notice,ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
43:28
rather than the next verb is going to beย  a gerund, which is simply your verb in ingย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
43:36
that 100% of the time when you use a verb soย  don't forget that. Now in terms of placement,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ 100% ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ing์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
43:44
I can take that same sentence, but I can moveย  rather than to the beginning of the sentence. Andย ย 
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
43:52
I can say rather than ordering takeout, I preferย  making dinner. So you do have that flexibility,ย ย 
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ํ…Œ์ดํฌ์•„์›ƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €๋…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:02
instead of a gerund. Verb. You could use a nowย  so I can say I prefer pizza. Just the now I'm notย ย 
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. ๋™์‚ฌ. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
44:12
talking about a verb. I prefer pizza rather thanย  spaghetti. So I'm still connecting the sentenceย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„
44:21
together with rather than, but I'm using two nounsย  instead of two verbs. Now instead of is used asย ย 
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ with with than์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:30
substitution, which means I'm going to take oneย  object, and I'm going to replace it with somethingย ย 
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. ์ฆ‰, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:38
else. Okay, so substitution, rather than justย  talking about reference. I like this one more,ย ย 
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. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:47
and you still see both objects that would beย  rather than build out with instead of we'reย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:55
substituting so one is going away and we'reย  only leaving the one we want that instead ofย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:02
so I could say we made dinner instead of eatingย  out. Okay, so in this case, the two objects theย ย 
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ์‹ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ ์ž, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋Š”
45:12
two choices, make dinner, eat out, rather thanย  just stating my preference. One's going away, andย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ, ์ €๋… ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ, ์™ธ์‹, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚ด ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ ๋ช…์€ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•œ
45:20
the one that went away was eat out Okay, so we'reย  left with make dinner. We made dinner. Notice myย ย 
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๋ช…์€ ์™ธ์‹์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ž, ์ด์ œ ์ €๋… ์ค€๋น„๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €๋…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด
45:29
verb tense is the past simple because this actionย  is already complete. We made dinner yesterday,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ด ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์™ธ์‹ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ €๋…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
45:36
instead of eating out. Now notice I'm stillย  using a gerund verb after instead of so that'sย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ after ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
45:46
our structure instead of gerund verb, but we canย  also use nouns for our structure. So I could sayย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
45:55
we had pizza, instead of spaghetti. So again, twoย  choices. One of them is going away. We had pizzaย ย 
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์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:06
instead of spaghetti. Now I can also just useย  the word instead. So let's say a friend asks,ย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
46:15
oh, so did you have spaghetti last night? So I wasย  talking to my friends about Pizza and Spaghetti,ย ย 
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์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ”ผ์ž์™€ ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
46:22
so she wants to know, did you have spaghetti lastย  night? Then I can say no, we had pizza instead.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹  ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:32
So when I don't want to specify the secondย  round, or the second option, because it'sย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 2์ฐจ, 2์ฐจ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ,
46:39
already been specified, my friend specifiedย  it so I don't need to repeat it in that case,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ง€์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ •ํ•ด ์ฃผ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:47
in I can just drop it and use instead. Didย  you have spaghetti? No, we had pizza instead.ย ย 
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. ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋Œ€์‹  ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:57
Instead of spaghetti, but I don't mean to sayย  it, it would be repetitive. No, we have pizzaย ย 
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์ŠคํŒŒ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ , ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋Œ€์‹  ํ”ผ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
47:03
instead. So just remember that rather than isย  used to express a preference between two things.ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ than์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
47:12
And instead of is used to talk about substitution.ย  So taking that action and one of them is goingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‹  ๋Œ€์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
47:22
away. Now the best way for us to really feelย  confident is to practice B so I want you to leaveย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ B๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
47:29
your own sentences in the comments below. Whyย  don't you try four sentences to with instead ofย ย 
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ •๋ง ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก Jaren๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ with ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
47:36
and two with rather than because you can practiceย  with the Jaren and the noun for each so you getย ย 
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2๊ฐœ์˜ with๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
47:43
really comfortable with that advanced sentenceย  structure. Are you ready for your quiz? Hit pause,ย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
47:48
take as much time as you need and whenย  you're ready, hit play to see the answers.ย ย 
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
48:00
Let's move on and talk about should must. And youย  have to know all three of these are modal verbs,ย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ must์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:09
and we use them to talk about obligationย  or to give advice first, let's talk aboutย ย 
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์˜๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋จผ์ € ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:16
should we use Shuddh to give advice or opinionย  or recommendation. So keep in mind should is notย ย 
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Shuddh๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ์žฅ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์€ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”
48:27
an obligation. So let's think of a scenarioย  where you could give advice and opinion or aย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ์–ธ๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ถŒ์žฅ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
48:34
recommendation. Let's say your friend callsย  you and says I feel overwhelmed at work.ย ย 
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
48:43
So your friends in a negative situation andย  you want to give some advice and opinionย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ์กฐ์–ธ๊ณผ ์˜๊ฒฌ
48:48
or recommendation. You can use should you canย  reply back and say you should talk to your boss.ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ฒœ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:56
Now let's take a look at the structure we meanย  should and a base for the base verb is simplyย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
49:03
the infinitive without too. You should talk youย  should talk to your boss I could use a negativeย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ without too์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
49:12
and I could say you shouldn't you shouldn't takeย  on any more work. Or maybe I can give her someย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ผ์„ ๋งก์•„์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
49:21
advice or my recommendation my opinion and sayย  you should ask a colleague for help. Now it'sย ย 
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์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
49:29
your turn to practice the structure once say Iย  call you and I say I have a really bad headache.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‘ํ†ต์ด ์ •๋ง ์‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:39
What some advice a recommendation or an opinionย  you can share with me using should or shouldn't.ย ย 
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ถŒ์žฅ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
49:47
And remember you need your base verb. So put yourย  example in the comments now. Now let's talk aboutย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ must์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:54
must must is used for all obligation. For example,ย  you must finish the report by five o'clock.ย ย 
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must๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜๋ฌด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 5์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:04
I have no option. I must finish the report by fiveย  o'clock is an obligation. Now let's take a look atย ย 
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์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 5์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
50:14
the structure we use must with a base verb youย  must finish you must finish the report by fiveย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ you must finish you must finish you by the 5
50:23
o'clock. I might get an email from the governmentย  that says you must file your taxes by the end ofย ย 
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o'clock. ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ด๋‹ฌ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
50:31
the month or to apply for a job they might tellย  me you must submit your application online.ย ย 
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์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ง€์›์„œ๋ฅผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:39
So now it's your turn. To practice. I wantย  you to leave an example in the comments usingย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
50:46
much and remember is an obligation and youย  need a base verb so leave your example now.ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฌด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. have to
50:52
Let's move on to have to have to is also usedย  for obligation. But generally that obligationย ย 
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have to๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š”
51:00
is common from someone else and outside boards.ย  For example, I could say I have to walk my dog.ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:10
So first let's take a look at the sentenceย  structure. Here we have have and then ourย ย 
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๋จผ์ € ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
51:16
infinitive to keep in mind this one we use haveย  to how to and the base verb I have to walk my dog.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” have to how to์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ I have to walk my dog๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:27
So whether or not I want to walk my dog isn'tย  really the issue here is that as a pet owner,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ ์ฃผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
51:35
I'm obligated to walk my dog. I have to walk myย  dog. Or I could say I have to babysit my cousinย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์‹œํ‚ฌ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ด์š” . ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์„ ๋Œ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
51:49
this weekend. So again, the obligationย  is coming from somewhere else. So maybeย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„
51:54
my hand is requiring that I do this or anotherย  family member I have to babysit my cousin thisย ย 
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๋‚ด ์†์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์„ ๋Œ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
52:03
weekend. Remember to babysit or infinitiveย  or I could say I have to buy a new car.ย ย 
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. babysit ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:12
Now the obligation is my current car doesn'tย  work anymore. So I have to buy a new car. It'sย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋‚ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒˆ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
52:20
not my choice. I don't want to but I have toย  because my current part doesn't work. So nowย ย 
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๋‚ด ์„ ํƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ํŒŒํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
52:29
it's your turn to practice. Let us know in theย  comments. Something you have to do this weekย ย 
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
52:36
have to do remember to use the infinitive.ย  So to summarize, should is used with advice,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด should๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
52:43
opinion or recommendation must and have to areย  used with obligations. You might be wondering,ย ย 
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์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ฒœ์€ must and have to๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:50
what's the difference? Well, generally I seeย  mosque being used by the government or officialย ย 
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ๊ณต์‹
52:58
bodies, official bodies that give us rules andย  regulations. And I see it on online forms as well.ย ย 
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๊ธฐ๊ด€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์–‘์‹์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€
53:07
That's when I see must the most now with have to Iย  see that as an outside pressure. So that would beย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์™€ ๋‹ฟ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
53:16
the difference between those two. And rememberย  should end loss plus face for but have to verbย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†์‹ค + ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
53:26
have in the infinitive. So now you know how toย  use should must and have to. Are you ready forย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๊ณผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”
53:33
your quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you needย  and when you're ready, hit play to see the answersย ย 
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? ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
53:46
our final group of confusing words let's talkย  about have no and don't have. So let me giveย ย 
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์žˆ์Œ ๊ณผ ์—†์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
53:56
you an example sentence I have no time. I don'tย  have any time. And both of these examples haveย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
54:04
the exact same meaning. We're talking about theย  existence of time and we're making it negative.ย ย 
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:12
So we're saying it doesn't exist in this specificย  situation. Now when you look at the sentences,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
54:20
you'll notice that the grammar the sentenceย  structure is very different. The standard wayย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:27
to form a negative is simply to use the secondย  one I don't have any time that's probably theย ย 
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๋„ค๊ฑฐํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„
54:35
one that you're most comfortable with. Now I getย  questions a lot from students because they hearย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŽธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด TV ์˜ํ™”๋‚˜ ๊ต์‹ค ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
54:40
from native speakers on TV movies or outside ofย  the classroom. They hear native speakers formingย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด
54:47
negatives with have no and saying I have no timeย  and they're confused by the grammar. So let's makeย ย 
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have no์™€ I have no time์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
54:54
this nice and easy for you. So remember, theย  meaning is the same. We use have no plus theย ย 
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
55:03
noun when we're talking about desires, emotions,ย  attitudes. And concepts. So you can think of timeย ย 
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์š•๋ง, ๊ฐ์ •, ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋…. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
55:14
as a concept. Let me give you another exampleย  with a desire or an emotion or maybe even anย ย 
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๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š•๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด
55:21
attitude. I could say my boss has no patience. Myย  boss has no patience. Now remember we have no ofย ย 
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ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
55:32
course our verb is have we need to conjugate itย  with the subject. So here my subject is my boss,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ 
55:39
third person singular, so I need has my bossย  has no patience. I could also say my boss hasย ย 
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3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
55:47
no idea. That would be a concept. My boss hasย  no right a concept. My boss has no confidenceย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
55:56
that could be added to it or an emotion. So otherย  common things you could use happiness Peace Joy,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰๋ณต ํ‰ํ™” ๊ธฐ์จ,
56:05
any sort of skill as well. So in that categoryย  of nouns, we can use the structure have no nowย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ have no now ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:15
we use our standard structure don't have plusย  of physical now. So anything like pens, papers,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ don't have plus of physical now๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŽœ, ์ข…์ด,
56:25
scissors, a computer, a phone, all of theseย  are physical nouns are not concepts that areย ย 
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๊ฐ€์œ„, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ์ „ํ™”, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š•๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
56:30
not emotions that are not desires. They'reย  physical. So we can use this structure and Iย ย 
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. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”
56:36
would simply say I don't have a pen. I don'tย  have scissors. I don't have paper right.ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํŽœ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์—†์–ด์š”.
56:45
Now of course we can absolutely use don't haveย  with the concept, the desires, the emotions,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…, ์š•๋ง, ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:53
my boss doesn't have any patient that's absolutelyย  correct. So remember that don't have is theย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ don't have๋Š”
57:02
standard way to form a negative sentence andย  have no isn't an alternative way that's onlyย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ฉฐ have no๋Š”
57:10
used in specific situations. So the one specificย  situation is when we're talking about desires,ย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์š•๋ง,
57:17
concepts, emotions, and attitudes. Now anotherย  time when we can use have no and the noun isย ย 
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๊ฐœ๋…, ๊ฐ์ • ๋ฐ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ have no์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
57:26
we want to emphasize it. We want to make itย  a lot stronger of a statement. So I can useย ย 
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๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
57:34
money as an example. Well, money is a physicalย  possession, I can feel it. I can see it not likeย ย 
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๋ˆ์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ, ๋ˆ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ
57:42
patients which I can't see I can't feel it's justย  a concept or an attitude but money I can feel it.ย ย 
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์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‚˜ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ˆ์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:49
I can touch it. It's physical to emphasize theย  statement to make it more dramatic. I could useย ย 
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๋งŒ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
57:56
have no and a physical possession. So I would sayย  I have no money, which emphasizes that it makesย ย 
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์—†์Œ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
58:06
it stronger than saying I don't have any money.ย  I have no money. So you might hear statementsย ย 
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๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
58:14
like this when you really want to emphasizeย  that you don't have it. Now although you canย ย 
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ
58:20
use have no with physical amount. You know youย  have to think is a comment emphasize that you
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํŽœ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:27
don't have a pen, like would it beย  common to say I have no pens? I mean,ย ย 
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๋‚ด ๋ง์€,
58:33
I guess depending on context, it could beย  acceptable to emphasize that you don't haveย ย 
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๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŽœ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
58:39
a pen or really it's not something that youย  emphasize that you make more dramatic. So justย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
58:46
keep in mind that the standard structure is don'tย  have and your noun but we can use have no andย ย 
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ํ‘œ์ค€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” don't have ๋ฐ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ have no๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
58:55
then now we use it into specific situations.ย  We commonly use it with concepts feelings,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •,
59:02
emotions, desires or attitudes. And then weย  can use it with physical nouns when we wantย ย 
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๊ฐ์ •, ์š•๋ง ๋˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
59:11
emphasize that physical now. So now it's yourย  turn to practice. I want you to leave threeย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ฐจ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:18
sentences one using have no and a desire anย  attitude or a concept. Another one just usingย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” have no, a desire๋Š” ํƒœ๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
59:28
your simple don't have an a physical mount andย  your third one I want you to use have no and aย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
59:35
physical now but a physical model that you wantย  to emphasize. So choose that now carefully becauseย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฑ•์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์„ธ์š”
59:42
remember what I really emphasize that I haveย  no chapstick, for example. So think carefullyย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
59:50
about which physical noun you want to use,ย  and make sure it makes sense to emphasizeย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”
59:57
that you don't have it. So leave those in theย  comments below. Are you ready for your quiz?ย ย 
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. ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
60:03
Head pause take as much time as you need andย  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.
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ํ—ค๋“œ ์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
60:16
Amazing job with this lesson. You did it! So howย  did you deal with all those quizzes? Share yourย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž‘์—…. ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ด! ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ค˜๋‚˜์š”?
60:23
score in the comments below. And if you found thisย  video helpful, please hit the like button, shareย ย 
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ 
60:28
it with your friends and of course subscribe.ย  And before you go, make sure you head on overย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
60:32
to my website, JForrestEnglish.com and downloadย  your free speaking Guide. In this guide, I shareย ย 
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์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ JForrestEnglish.com์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”
60:38
six tips on how to speak English fluently andย  confidently. And until next time, Happy Studying!
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€, ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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