1 HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - ADVANCED ENGLISH VOCABULARY (Confusing English Words and Confusing Grammar)

Welcome to this one hour English lesson.  In this advanced English vocabulary lesson,  

you're going for the most common confusing  words in English. So in this lesson,  

you're going to learn a group of confusing  words or a confusing grammar topic. And  

you'll study that you'll learn it and  then you'll complete a quiz. And then  

you'll continue on. Welcome back to JForrest  English training, of course, I'm Jennifer  

and this is your place to become a fluent  confident English speaker. Let's get started.  

First, let's talk about the difference between  during and while ultimately they have the same  

meaning but their sentence structure is different.  So that's the important thing to keep in mind. So  

let's begin with during we use during to talk  about something that happens over a period of  

time. So there's this event taking place over  a period of time, and then something happened.  

It happened at one point during that time. It  can also even last for a longer period as well  

during that period of time. So for example, I  could say my phone rang during the movie. So  

of course a movie has a start and an end about  two hours, right? So the movie is going on and  

on and on. And then at some point from the  start of the movie to the end of the movie,  

my phone rang. It could have been the beginning  the middle the end, we really don't know  

but I want you to notice the sentence structure.  My phone rang during the movie. So what is the  

movie in terms of parts of speech? Is it a verb,  adjective or a noun and adverb? What is it?  

It's a noun, a noun and that's the important  thing to keep in mind. We use during plus now  

during plus now, so remember that because that's  important when we talk about while y is used to  

talk about something that happens at the same time  as something else. So just like during, we have  

one action that's taking place with a start and  an end. And then while another action will happen  

at some point as well. Now, it can happen for a  period of time it can be shorter or longer, but  

it has to happen between the start and and another  action. So if you're thinking, Well, that sounds  

exactly the same as journaling because we during  we how to start and ends and then the action  

happens. You're right. The meaning is basically  this thing. Okay? But it's the sentence structure  

that's different. So listen to this example.  My phone rang. While I was watching the movie.  

My phone rang while I was watching the movie.  Comparing that to during my phone rang during  

the movie. So we already know that during we  need a now with while we use a clause so we  

need a subject, a verb and then an object so you  can think of it as a sentence. My phone rang while  

subject I when verb was watching the object the  movie while I was watching the movie. I can't say  

while the movie. I can't say that. And I can't say  during I was watching the movie. I can't say that  

either. So basically it's the same meaning it's  just different sentence structures that will tell  

you which one you want to use. If you're using  a now if during if you're using a clause or a  

sentence, then if while so now it's your turn  to practice. I want you to leave two examples  

in the comments below, one with zero and one  with while Are you ready for your quiz. Head  

pause take as much time as you need and when  you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

Let's continue on and talk about the difference  between the present simple and will present  

continuous. This is a mistake that I see students  making quite a lot and this is the mistake that  

I see my advanced students make. Now you need  to keep in mind that when you use a different  

verb tense, the meaning changes. So when I  hear I live in Paris, in the present simple  

that is different from I'm living in Paris, the  meaning is different and I'm going to interpret  

them differently simply because of the verb tense  you use. Now our present simple I live in Paris of  

course the for the present simple we just take  our base verb, which is the infinitive without  

to remember we need to conjugate this with our  subject so if it was she, it would be she live  

in Paris. Okay, now we use the present simple  for routines like I'm sure you know, but we also  

use the present simple when we're talking about  permanent situations. Or you can think of them as  

simply fat. So when I hear someone say I live in  Paris, I see this as a mom and Aunt situation. I  

live in Paris. I live in Paris today, and I'm  going to be living in Paris for the future as  

well. It's a permanent situation now let's take a  look at our next sentence. I am living in Paris.  

So this is the present continuous. Now of course  we form the Present Continuous with the verb to  

be conjugated with our subject. So I'm living she  is she's living conjugated with our subject. And  

then we need our verb in ING form she's living  on living. Now we use the present continuous  

for situations taking place right now. Right but  we also use the present continuous for temporary  

situation. So when I hear I living in Paris, I  think of this as a temporary situation. So I think  

you're living in Paris right now, but you don't  expect to be living in Paris in the future. When  

in the future. Well, that isn't clear. But when I  hear it, I think of it as a temporary situation.  

And this is a big difference. If you live in Paris  permanently, or you live in Paris temporarily,  

right? Because you cannot imagine if you go  to a job interview, and then you say to the  

interviewer, I'm living in Paris, well, they  might not think that you're going to be in the  

city for very long. So they might not consider  you as an applicant because they want somebody  

who's going to be in the position for a long  time. But you are only going to be in the city  

temporarily. Right? So that could have a really  big impact. Or same thing. If you're on a date,  

and you're talking to a potential romantic  partner. But you say I'm living in Paris. Well,  

they might think well, it's not worthwhile to  pursue this relationship because she's going  

to be moving in the future. So there's a  big difference in meaning between these  

two sentences. So keep in mind, we use the  present simple for a permanent situation,  

and the Present Continuous for a temporary  situation. So now it's your turn to practice.  

I want you to put in the comment. One sentence in  the present simple that's a permanent situation  

and one sentence in the present continuous,  temporary situation. Are you ready for your  

quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you need and  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

Let's move on and talk about the difference  between the one and we're now of course both  

was and were are the past forms of the verb to be  and we use what and we're in different grammatical  

structures in English. The most common time you'll  see was or word is in the past simple. So let us  

just take a present statement. Let's use to be  late. So here we have the verb to be to be late.  

Now if I want to make a sentence in the past,  for example, yesterday, yesterday, I know I take  

my verb to be and I need to conjugate this in the  past. There are two different choices was or were  

your choice depends on the subject. So in order  to know which one you need was or where you simply  

look at your subject. Yesterday I the subject is  i Yesterday, I was late. Yesterday, I was late  

yesterday you you were yesterday. You  were late. Yesterday she was late.  

Yesterday he was late. It was late. So notice  he she it those are our three options for the  

third person singular subject. The third person  singular is conjugated with was yesterday. We we  

were late and yesterday they they were late. So  you can see that this subject I and third person  

singular use was this subject you we and they use  work. That's what you need to remember. So pause  

the video now take as much time as you need to  memorize that you simply need to memorize this.  

Now the same rule applies when we use the verb  to be in the past in different grammatical  

structures. So this example was using the  past simple now we also use the verb to be  

in the past with the past continuous, the past  continuous is formed with subject was or were your  

choice depends on your subject right and then  your verb in ING form. I would say yesterday,  

I was running late. We we were we were running  late. He he was running late, then they were  

running late. So it's the same rules that we  just covered. That doesn't change even though  

we're using a different grammatical structure.  This time. It's the past continuous. Now we also  

use the verb to be in the past. So words are words  depending on the subject in the passive voice. So  

let's take an active sentence and I could say the  present surprised to me, the present surprised me.  

Now I can take this active voice and I can  turn it into the passion. And I would say  

what will you guys tell me? I want to give you a  second and I want you to write it in the comment.  

What the passive form of this active sentence huh?  Write it in the comments. So did you get it? I was  

surprised. I was surprised by the present. I was  surprised by this present. But now let's see the  

act of form used a different pronoun and it was  the present surprised us okay, what would that  

be? Now? The present surprised us? What would that  be in the passive form? So you guys tell me write  

it down? In the comments the present surprise  us what would that be in the passive voice?  

That would be we we is now the subject so I need  to think do I need was or Word will remember it  

depends on the subject. We we use where we were  surprised by the President. To summarize the  

choice between what or word depends on the subject  we use was with the subjects eye or third person  

singular he she it we use were with subjects you  we and that and was in where are you in the past  

form of the verb to be this is most commonly found  in the past simple past continuous and passive  

voice. And now you know how to use was or were  so you won't be confused. Are you ready for your  

quiz? Head pause take as much time as you need and  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

Let's move on and talk about the difference  between you and me. Or you and I know the  

easiest the absolute easiest way to know  which one you need to use is always draw  

the you or drop the other person involved  and just ask yourself in this sentence,  

do I need me or I because when you answer that  question in every scenario all you need to do  

is then add in the you and it will be correct.  So let's take an example of this and I'll show  

you what I need. For example, give that  to hmm, give that to I give that to me.  

What do you guys think? I or me put it in the  comments below. Give that to I give that to me.  

It would be of course me Give that to me. So now  all you need to add is another person you can say  

give that to my brother in me. For example. Give  that to my brother and me so it doesn't matter who  

you add after. Let's try another example. Let's  say you're walking down the street and you see  

this beautiful garden and you ask a stranger you  say can you take a picture of huh? Can you take a  

picture of I or me? Can you take a picture of  I? Can you take a picture of me? Which one do  

you think? Put in the comments below? Can you take  a picture of me? So now you just add Can you take  

a picture of my friends and me, my friends in  me, my friends and me it doesn't really matter  

what you put in. So let's try another example.  Hmm went to the party. Huh? Went to the party.  

So is with me went to the party or I went  to the party. What do you think that is in  

the comments? Of course it I went to the party.  So all we need to do is add in my friends and I  

you and I went to the party. Doesn't matter  what you put before I so one more example.  

ran a marathon. Hmm. I ran a marathon. Me ran  a marathon. What do you think? In the comment?  

I ran a marathon. So now I know is I so I can  just add you in I ran a marathon my friends  

and I my husband and my my boss it doesn't matter  what you put in my sister and I it doesn't matter  

so that's the easiest way for you to know if  you need you and me or you and I just dropped  

the you are dropped them my friends drop  the whoever it is my co workers and just  

ask yourself Do I need me or I in the sentence.  Now, if you're not sure if you need me or I you  

just have to remember this one thing.  I is always the subject of a sentence,  

the subject of a sentence. Okay, and what's  ne ne is the object of a sentence. So just  

to quickly study this topic. Let's go back to  our example of can you take a picture of me?

Can you take a picture of  my friends in me hmm okay.

So who is the subject in this sentence? Can  you so you are the subject in this sentence,  

you are doing the action. I am receiving the  action I'm the object in this sentence. Can  

you take a picture of me so I'm not doing the  action? Right. So the subject is the one doing  

the action. The object is the one receiving the  action. So that's just a quick overview, but that  

is how you the easiest way to tell if you need  you and me or you and not are you ready for your  

quiz. Hit pause take as much time as you need and  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

Let's move on and talk about how in different  conjugations and we'll look at how Khan has had  

and had had. Our infinitive form of the verb is  to have of course we can use the infinitive in  

certain sentence structures. For example, I have  liked to have more time. So here if the infinitive  

being used, now we can also use the base verb the  base for is have so we simply drop the two from  

the infinitive together base verb. We can also use  the base verb and certain sentence structures. For  

example, all have time tomorrow. Here we're using  it in the future simple we need will and a base  

for our base verb is have all have time tomorrow.  Now here's where things get tricky. In the present  

simple form of the verb we have two options we  have have and have. Your choice depends on the  

subject we use. Have for the subject, I you we and  that for example, they have two kids. Now we use  

has in the present simple for the subject, he she  an eighth or third person singular For example,  

She has two kids. The past form of the verb  is had this is for all subjects. For example,  

she had a muffin for breakfast. Now here's where  things get tricky for students. Let's talk about  

the present perfect. So the present perfect with  the verb have can be formed in two different ways.  

It can be formed as has had, or have had now had  is the same for all subjects. It doesn't cheat,  

but has an have changes according to the subject.  You already learned this with the present simple  

so you know that we would use have had for subject  I you we and then for example we've had enough and  

we use has had four subjects he she it the third  person singular for example, She's had enough now  

known as how I'm using a contraction, I've knew  we've they she's he's it native English speakers,  

always use contractions with the present perfect  so I encourage you to get comfortable with that.  

So just remember your choice between have had and  has had depends on the subject and we use has had  

for third person singular he she it and we use  hotpot for all other subjects. i You we and that  

and now we come to had had this sounds really  bizarre right? But it's grammatically correct  

because this is the past perfect form of the verb  now had had is used for all subjects so it doesn't  

change we use had had for I you he she it we and  so this one is easy to remember you just have to  

remember that had had is the past perfect and have  had and has had is the present perfect that's the  

thing that you need to remember. Now native  English speakers also use contractions with  

hard hat. So you're not going to hear a native  speaker say had had very often you'll hear the  

contraction and the contraction is very subtle.  It's a very soft sound. I've had you'd had he'd  

had she'd had it had we'd had they'd have so  it's a very soft sound added to the subject.  

For example, he'd had a busy week, he'd had a busy  week. So notice it seems very similar to he had a  

busy week, which is just the past simple form of  the verb. So let's listen to those two sentences  

again. He had a busy week he'd had a busy week.  I think even a native speaker would have a hard  

time hearing that different. It's the sentence  structure and the rest of the sentence that will  

let you know if it's a simple past or the past  perfect. So you have to pay attention to context  

as well. So this is a lesson that you're going to  have to review a few times to get comfortable with  

it. And I definitely recommend that you just  take some notes so you remember that different  

and now I want you to practice. So of course I  want you to leave a present simple sentence up  

past simple sentence, a present perfect sentence.  And bonus points if you can leave up past perfect  

sentence as well. And remember, your conjugation  depends on the subject. Are you ready for your  

quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you need and  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

Now let's move on and talk about be used to and  get used to these are must know expressions for  

your vocabulary. Now both of them are used to talk  about a feeling of comfort when something's new in  

your daily routine. Okay, so let me give you an  example. If you watch my video yesterday, you'll  

know that I'm using a new mouse for my computer.  Now this nose is a little bit different. A little  

bit weird because I have to use my phone to move  the mouse which is not normal, right? So because  

of that because it's not the normal way to use a  mouse. I'm not comfortable with this action right  

now. Okay, so I have to get used to it. I have  to get used to it. Notice I said use to it. It  

can be two things. It can be the mouse. I have to  get used to the mouse, my new mouse perhaps so we  

can have get used to and then I'm now Now I could  also say I have to get used to using it using it.  

Now what do you notice there? In that case, I'm  using a verb but I'm using a gerund verb a verb  

in ING get use to use that so get used to plus  gerund. Now this is the case for both be used to  

and get used to. After two you can have a noun or  a gerund verb so pay attention to that structure.  

Now remember I said I have to get used to this  mouse. This means I have to move from a feeling  

of discomfort to comfort and the only reason  why is because this isn't new item in my daily  

routine. So anytime you add something new to your  daily routine, you can use this expression get  

used to Okay, now how about be used to when do  we use that? Well, you simply need to know the  

difference between get and B. So we use det when  we're talking about a transition a transition  

from not to in this case not comfortable to  comfortable. Okay, the transition. So I said  

I have to it's a requirement. I have to get  used to using this new mounts. So I have to  

transition from not comfortable to comfortable.  Now, how about a month later you can ask me Oh,  

hey, Jennifer, how's the new mouse? Is it still  uncomfortable? And then I can reply a month  

later a month after using the smiles every day.  I could say no, I'm used to it. I'm used to it.  

And remember that it can be I'm used to the  mouth or I'm used to using verb and ing. I'm  

used to using it. So here notice I use the verb  to be and that's because I'm talking about my  

current state right now a month into the future.  Right now I'm comfortable with using this mouse.

So when you get to the point where that new  item in your daily routine is now comfortable,  

you can use be. I'm used to it, I'm used to it,  but when you're in that transition, you'll use  

get, I'm getting used to it, I need to get used to  it, remember, get and be our vert, so you need to  

conjugate them with the time rest friend and the  subject as well. So if it were she, it would be  

she is used to it, or she's getting used to it.  So don't forget that verb conjugation. So just  

remember that we use B and get used to when we're  talking about something new in our daily routine,  

and a feeling of comfort with that new activity.  We use debt to talk about the transition from not  

comfortable to comfortable and we use B to talk  about the current state as comfortable. Of course,  

these are both verbs, so you need to conjugate  them with the subject and the time reference.  

And don't forget our structure. After two we can  have either a now or a Terran verb. So that's  

everything you need to know to feel comfortable  and confident using the and get used to. Now of  

course, it's your turn to practice. I want you to  think about something new in your daily routine  

for me was using my mouse so what about you, and  talk about how you're getting used to it and then  

talk about how you are used to it to see if you  can use be and get to talk about this new item  

in your daily routine. And leave your examples  in the comments below. Are you ready for your  

quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you need and  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.  

Well, let's move on and talk about collective  nouns. And the conjugation of verbs with  

collective nouns. So I'll give you an example.  My family arriving tomorrow do I need is  

off because in a family there's more than one  person right? So it's a family singular or plural.  

What do you guys think? Put it in the comment. My  family is my family are what do you think put it  

in the comment family is family are the correct  answer is my family is my family is arriving  

tomorrow. Now family is a collective. Now. What  that means is within this now, there is more than  

one of course like I said a family there's more  than one person right? But we treat that now as  

one entity. Now you can think of it as we're not  talking about the individual members within that  

family. We're talking about a family as a whole.  So we're imagining that that family is one unit.  

So that's what you can remember what collective  now they're conjugated as singular because we  

refer to them as one unit. So of course you need  to know subject verb agreement for the verb to be  

and you also need this for the present simple. For  example, my family arrives tomorrow not my family  

arrived tomorrow. No, my family arrives tomorrow.  Because remember, we need to add that ask for  

API's to third person singular he she it verts  so let's think of some other collective nouns  

that are conjugated as third person singular,  for example, company, chain think company, many  

different people within that company. We refer  to it as one entity is third person singular. The  

company is profitable. Team is another one. Of  course, there's more than one person on a team,  

but we conjugate it as one group one whole so  team group is a good one community class is  

another good one as well. Those are all conjugated  as third person singular. Now, how about this one?  

Everyone? Is this conjugated. As third person  singular or plural? Would it be everyone ie  

third person singular conjugation or everyone  eats? Everyone eats at noon? Everyone eat at noon?  

What do you guys think? Is everyone third person  singular or plural? Let me know in the comments  

what you think. Everyone, each everyone eats at  noon. So everyone is third person singular. It's a  

collective noun. There's more than one person but  we're referring to it as one entity, one unit. So  

this applies for everyone, everybody, anyone and  anybody. Now some other common collective nouns  

that you'll probably use in your vocabulary. Would  be government. Audience. Jury tried, helpful, so  

two people but we refer to them as one the couple  is really cute. Couple is a collective now and  

army as well. The army is well prepared. So here's  the list of the most common collecting math. I  

definitely recommend that you pause the video  and you write these down or take a screenshot  

so you can add these to your vocabulary. And  remember, they need to be conjugated as third  

person singular. This is a really important  grammar concept to make sure you take the time  

and for now to practice. I want you to choose  three of these collective nouns and write three  

sentences in the comments below just to get really  comfortable with them. Are you ready for your  

quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you need and  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.  

Now let's move on and talk about the difference  between can and be able to now both of these are  

used to talk about ability, but the difference  is in the sense of structure that's possible  

and also what type of ability so first of all,  you need to know that can is used for general  

ability. So we use it in both the positive form  and the negative form in a very general context.  

For example, I could just say I can swim. I  can swim, just in general, anytime, anywhere,  

not specific to a specific pool or a specific  place or a specific type of water just I can  

swim in general. Now the opposite of course the  native I can't swim, so it doesn't matter where  

I am. It doesn't matter what type of pool line man  what type of water I'm in what time of day it is,  

where the location is. It doesn't matter in any  context in a general context. I can't swim. So  

can is used in positive and negative for general  ability. Now let's compare that to be able to,  

so be able to this is used for a specific ability.  Now, what does that mean? If it's specific,  

you can think of it as specific to a time  a location A, a specific type, for example,  

is limited. So I could say, I'm not able  to swim today. I'm not able to swim today.  

Now I wouldn't just say I'm not able to swim,  because that sounds like a general statement.  

And if it's a general statement to all places,  all times all situations, I would use Can I can't  

swim. But if I say I'm not able to that means  it's a specific time or a specific location. So  

I might add that sentence and say I'm not able to  swim today because the pools closed or because I  

have an important me that or because I'm not  feeling well. So there's a specific reason  

that's correct venting that ability. So that's the  first important distinction can general be able to  

specific. Now the other very important thing you  need to remember is that grammatically these are  

different. And not because can is a modal verb.  modal verbs are limited. They're limited in the  

sentence structure that they can use. Now can as a  modal verb is used in the present and the future.  

Be able to this is the verb expression. The verb  of course is the verb to be. That's the verb  

that's conjugated with the subject and the time  reference. As a regular verb expression we can  

use this in any sentence structure, any formation,  any verb tense, anywhere on our timeline of past,  

present or future. So, this is very important  because remember, I previously told you that  

can is used for a specific ability. But let's  say you want to talk about a specific ability  

in a sentence structure where a modal verb  is not possible in that sentence structure.  

If that's the case, even if you're talking about  specific ability, you would use be able to,  

so you use the able to when can is not possible  grammatically. Let me give you an example to make  

this very clear. So I could say Oh, my God  needs swim for 20 minutes without stopping.  

So in this case, this is a general ability.  This is something that a lifeguard needs. Any  

place any time. It's just a general ability.  But what what about this blank here? What do  

I need grammatically to complete the sentence?  Well, we have to look at the sentence I have  

need as a verb needs, the lifeguard needs  now need is a verb. The next verb has to

be in the infinitive form. Now, can as a modal  cannot be used in any infinitive form. It doesn't  

exist. modal verbs are just the verb. They don't  change in different structures. So in this case,  

I can't say a lifeguard needs pan swim. No,  that grammatically doesn't work. Even though  

I'm talking about general ability. I need an  infinitive, because of that I have to use be  

able to, and I'd say a lifeguard needs to be  able to in the infinitive form. Now I have  

a correct sentence. So now you know how  to use cam and be able to correctly Are  

you ready for your quiz? Hit pause, take as  much time as you need and when you're ready,  

hit play to see the answers. Now let's move on  and talk about the difference between rather them  

and instead of let's start with rather than rather  than is used to state a preference. So you have  

two things and you want to say which one you  prefer which one you like more your preference.  

Because of that we're most likely going to use  rather than with the verb prefer. For example,  

I prefer making dinner rather than eating out.  So I have my two choices. Make dinner eat out,  

and my preference is make dinner. I prefer  making dinner rather than eating out. So rather  

than is simply used to connect those ideas  and form that complete sentence. Now notice,  

rather than the next verb is going to be  a gerund, which is simply your verb in ing  

that 100% of the time when you use a verb so  don't forget that. Now in terms of placement,  

I can take that same sentence, but I can move  rather than to the beginning of the sentence. And  

I can say rather than ordering takeout, I prefer  making dinner. So you do have that flexibility,  

instead of a gerund. Verb. You could use a now  so I can say I prefer pizza. Just the now I'm not  

talking about a verb. I prefer pizza rather than  spaghetti. So I'm still connecting the sentence  

together with rather than, but I'm using two nouns  instead of two verbs. Now instead of is used as  

substitution, which means I'm going to take one  object, and I'm going to replace it with something  

else. Okay, so substitution, rather than just  talking about reference. I like this one more,  

and you still see both objects that would be  rather than build out with instead of we're  

substituting so one is going away and we're  only leaving the one we want that instead of  

so I could say we made dinner instead of eating  out. Okay, so in this case, the two objects the  

two choices, make dinner, eat out, rather than  just stating my preference. One's going away, and  

the one that went away was eat out Okay, so we're  left with make dinner. We made dinner. Notice my  

verb tense is the past simple because this action  is already complete. We made dinner yesterday,  

instead of eating out. Now notice I'm still  using a gerund verb after instead of so that's  

our structure instead of gerund verb, but we can  also use nouns for our structure. So I could say  

we had pizza, instead of spaghetti. So again, two  choices. One of them is going away. We had pizza  

instead of spaghetti. Now I can also just use  the word instead. So let's say a friend asks,  

oh, so did you have spaghetti last night? So I was  talking to my friends about Pizza and Spaghetti,  

so she wants to know, did you have spaghetti last  night? Then I can say no, we had pizza instead.  

So when I don't want to specify the second  round, or the second option, because it's  

already been specified, my friend specified  it so I don't need to repeat it in that case,  

in I can just drop it and use instead. Did  you have spaghetti? No, we had pizza instead.  

Instead of spaghetti, but I don't mean to say  it, it would be repetitive. No, we have pizza  

instead. So just remember that rather than is  used to express a preference between two things.  

And instead of is used to talk about substitution.  So taking that action and one of them is going  

away. Now the best way for us to really feel  confident is to practice B so I want you to leave  

your own sentences in the comments below. Why  don't you try four sentences to with instead of  

and two with rather than because you can practice  with the Jaren and the noun for each so you get  

really comfortable with that advanced sentence  structure. Are you ready for your quiz? Hit pause,  

take as much time as you need and when  you're ready, hit play to see the answers.  

Let's move on and talk about should must. And you  have to know all three of these are modal verbs,  

and we use them to talk about obligation  or to give advice first, let's talk about  

should we use Shuddh to give advice or opinion  or recommendation. So keep in mind should is not  

an obligation. So let's think of a scenario  where you could give advice and opinion or a  

recommendation. Let's say your friend calls  you and says I feel overwhelmed at work.  

So your friends in a negative situation and  you want to give some advice and opinion  

or recommendation. You can use should you can  reply back and say you should talk to your boss.  

Now let's take a look at the structure we mean  should and a base for the base verb is simply  

the infinitive without too. You should talk you  should talk to your boss I could use a negative  

and I could say you shouldn't you shouldn't take  on any more work. Or maybe I can give her some  

advice or my recommendation my opinion and say  you should ask a colleague for help. Now it's  

your turn to practice the structure once say I  call you and I say I have a really bad headache.

What some advice a recommendation or an opinion  you can share with me using should or shouldn't.  

And remember you need your base verb. So put your  example in the comments now. Now let's talk about  

must must is used for all obligation. For example,  you must finish the report by five o'clock.  

I have no option. I must finish the report by five  o'clock is an obligation. Now let's take a look at  

the structure we use must with a base verb you  must finish you must finish the report by five  

o'clock. I might get an email from the government  that says you must file your taxes by the end of  

the month or to apply for a job they might tell  me you must submit your application online.  

So now it's your turn. To practice. I want  you to leave an example in the comments using  

much and remember is an obligation and you  need a base verb so leave your example now.  

Let's move on to have to have to is also used  for obligation. But generally that obligation  

is common from someone else and outside boards.  For example, I could say I have to walk my dog.  

So first let's take a look at the sentence  structure. Here we have have and then our  

infinitive to keep in mind this one we use have  to how to and the base verb I have to walk my dog.  

So whether or not I want to walk my dog isn't  really the issue here is that as a pet owner,  

I'm obligated to walk my dog. I have to walk my  dog. Or I could say I have to babysit my cousin  

this weekend. So again, the obligation  is coming from somewhere else. So maybe  

my hand is requiring that I do this or another  family member I have to babysit my cousin this  

weekend. Remember to babysit or infinitive  or I could say I have to buy a new car.  

Now the obligation is my current car doesn't  work anymore. So I have to buy a new car. It's  

not my choice. I don't want to but I have to  because my current part doesn't work. So now  

it's your turn to practice. Let us know in the  comments. Something you have to do this week  

have to do remember to use the infinitive.  So to summarize, should is used with advice,  

opinion or recommendation must and have to are  used with obligations. You might be wondering,  

what's the difference? Well, generally I see  mosque being used by the government or official  

bodies, official bodies that give us rules and  regulations. And I see it on online forms as well.  

That's when I see must the most now with have to I  see that as an outside pressure. So that would be  

the difference between those two. And remember  should end loss plus face for but have to verb  

have in the infinitive. So now you know how to  use should must and have to. Are you ready for  

your quiz? Hit pause take as much time as you need  and when you're ready, hit play to see the answers  

our final group of confusing words let's talk  about have no and don't have. So let me give  

you an example sentence I have no time. I don't  have any time. And both of these examples have  

the exact same meaning. We're talking about the  existence of time and we're making it negative.  

So we're saying it doesn't exist in this specific  situation. Now when you look at the sentences,  

you'll notice that the grammar the sentence  structure is very different. The standard way  

to form a negative is simply to use the second  one I don't have any time that's probably the  

one that you're most comfortable with. Now I get  questions a lot from students because they hear  

from native speakers on TV movies or outside of  the classroom. They hear native speakers forming  

negatives with have no and saying I have no time  and they're confused by the grammar. So let's make  

this nice and easy for you. So remember, the  meaning is the same. We use have no plus the  

noun when we're talking about desires, emotions,  attitudes. And concepts. So you can think of time  

as a concept. Let me give you another example  with a desire or an emotion or maybe even an  

attitude. I could say my boss has no patience. My  boss has no patience. Now remember we have no of  

course our verb is have we need to conjugate it  with the subject. So here my subject is my boss,  

third person singular, so I need has my boss  has no patience. I could also say my boss has  

no idea. That would be a concept. My boss has  no right a concept. My boss has no confidence  

that could be added to it or an emotion. So other  common things you could use happiness Peace Joy,  

any sort of skill as well. So in that category  of nouns, we can use the structure have no now  

we use our standard structure don't have plus  of physical now. So anything like pens, papers,  

scissors, a computer, a phone, all of these  are physical nouns are not concepts that are  

not emotions that are not desires. They're  physical. So we can use this structure and I  

would simply say I don't have a pen. I don't  have scissors. I don't have paper right.  

Now of course we can absolutely use don't have  with the concept, the desires, the emotions,  

my boss doesn't have any patient that's absolutely  correct. So remember that don't have is the  

standard way to form a negative sentence and  have no isn't an alternative way that's only  

used in specific situations. So the one specific  situation is when we're talking about desires,  

concepts, emotions, and attitudes. Now another  time when we can use have no and the noun is  

we want to emphasize it. We want to make it  a lot stronger of a statement. So I can use  

money as an example. Well, money is a physical  possession, I can feel it. I can see it not like  

patients which I can't see I can't feel it's just  a concept or an attitude but money I can feel it.  

I can touch it. It's physical to emphasize the  statement to make it more dramatic. I could use  

have no and a physical possession. So I would say  I have no money, which emphasizes that it makes  

it stronger than saying I don't have any money.  I have no money. So you might hear statements  

like this when you really want to emphasize  that you don't have it. Now although you can  

use have no with physical amount. You know you  have to think is a comment emphasize that you

don't have a pen, like would it be  common to say I have no pens? I mean,  

I guess depending on context, it could be  acceptable to emphasize that you don't have  

a pen or really it's not something that you  emphasize that you make more dramatic. So just  

keep in mind that the standard structure is don't  have and your noun but we can use have no and  

then now we use it into specific situations.  We commonly use it with concepts feelings,  

emotions, desires or attitudes. And then we  can use it with physical nouns when we want  

emphasize that physical now. So now it's your  turn to practice. I want you to leave three  

sentences one using have no and a desire an  attitude or a concept. Another one just using  

your simple don't have an a physical mount and  your third one I want you to use have no and a  

physical now but a physical model that you want  to emphasize. So choose that now carefully because  

remember what I really emphasize that I have  no chapstick, for example. So think carefully  

about which physical noun you want to use,  and make sure it makes sense to emphasize  

that you don't have it. So leave those in the  comments below. Are you ready for your quiz?  

Head pause take as much time as you need and  when you're ready, hit play to see the answers.

Amazing job with this lesson. You did it! So how  did you deal with all those quizzes? Share your  

score in the comments below. And if you found this  video helpful, please hit the like button, share  

it with your friends and of course subscribe.  And before you go, make sure you head on over  

to my website, JForrestEnglish.com and download  your free speaking Guide. In this guide, I share  

six tips on how to speak English fluently and  confidently. And until next time, Happy Studying!