Advanced English Reading Practice To Improve English Vocabulary, Grammar, Pronunciation

54,754 views

2023-01-16 ใƒป JForrest English


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Advanced English Reading Practice To Improve English Vocabulary, Grammar, Pronunciation

54,754 views ใƒป 2023-01-16

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Are you ready to read an article from the news  with me? In this learn English with the news  
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š” ? ์ด ๋‰ด์Šค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:05
lesson, we'll read a news article together so  you can get comfortable with advanced grammar,  
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๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฝ์–ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•,
00:11
vocabulary, sentence structure, and  practice your pronunciation at the  
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์–ดํœ˜, ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œ ์—ฐ์Šต์„
00:16
same time. Welcome back to JForrest English  training. Of course. I'm Jennifer and this  
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๋™์‹œ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. JForrest English ๊ต์œก์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌผ๋ก . ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์€
00:20
is your place to become a confident  English speaker. Let's get started.  
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:29
Hello and welcome to our article today we're  talking about debt debt in the United States.  
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
So first, I'm going to read the article in  full so you can understand the overall idea  
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จผ์ € ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์ œ
00:42
and you can pay attention to my pronunciation  and after we will go through the article by  
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๋ฐœ์Œ์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ›‘์–ด๋ณด๊ณ 
00:49
mine and I'll teach you the most common  vocabulary and sentence structure and  
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์–ดํœ˜์™€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
00:55
grammar points that you need to understand the  article. So let me read the article in full.  
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํฌ์ธํŠธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Treasury Secretary warns us could  default on its debt as soon as June.  
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์žฌ๋ฌด ์žฅ๊ด€์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉด 6์›”์— ์ฑ„๋ฌด ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
The US will reach the debt limit on January 19.  And then extraordinary measures will need to be  
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ 1์›” 19์ผ์— ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ
01:16
taken. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen wrote  in a letter to House Speaker Kevin McCarthy,  
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์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋‹› ์˜๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์žฅ๊ด€์€ ์ผ€๋นˆ ๋งค์นด์‹œ ํ•˜์›์˜์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์„œํ•œ์—์„œ
01:24
she said that the Treasury Department will pursue  those measures, but they will only last a limited  
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์žฌ๋ฌด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:30
amount of time. It is unlikely that the government  will exhaust its cash and the extraordinary  
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. 6์›” ์ดˆ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํŠน๋‹จ์˜
01:37
measures of for early June. So she said there is  considerable uncertainty around that forecast,  
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๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์†Œ์ง„ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Yellen wrote, she urged lawmakers to act  in a timely manner to increase or suspend  
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Yellen์€ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์‹œ์— ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:52
the debt limit. Failure to meet the government's  obligations would cause a reparable harm to the  
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. ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์— ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:59
US economy. the livelihoods of all Americans  and global financial stability she wrote.  
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. ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„ ์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ.
02:08
The debt limit is the maximum that  the federal government is allowed to  
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๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋Š”
02:12
borrow after Congress set a level more than a  century ago to curtail government borrowing.  
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์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ 100๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ „์— ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์ž…์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Congress has in the past raise the debt limit to  avoid a default on US debt that economists have  
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์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์žฌ์ •์  ์•„๋งˆ๊ฒŸ๋ˆ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ๋””ํดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:27
warned would be financial Armageddon. That's  what lawmakers did in late 2021. Following the  
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 2021๋…„ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
last standoff over the debt ceiling. Don't worry  if you didn't understand a lot of this article,  
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๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ต์ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ด์–ด. ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
02:42
because now what I'll do is I'll go through  the article line by line and explain the  
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์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ค„ ํ•œ ์ค„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
02:47
most important points. Let's start at the  beginning here. Treasury Secretary warns  
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์žฌ๋ฌด ์žฅ๊ด€์€
02:52
us to default on its debt first of all, I  hope you noticed in my pronunciation that  
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๋จผ์ € ์ฑ„๋ฌด ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์—์„œ
02:59
I was not pronouncing the B in this the B is  silent. It's pronounced as debt, debt debt  
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ B๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ B๋Š” ์กฐ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6์›”์ด ๋˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:11
as soon as June. Debt is simply money that you  owe that is debt. Most likely you have debt for  
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. ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์ธ ๋นš์ง„ ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:20
your home, credit cards, your car payments,  and your student loans other things as well.  
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์ง‘, ์‹ ์šฉ ์นด๋“œ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํ• ๋ถ€๊ธˆ, ํ•™์ž๊ธˆ ๋Œ€์ถœ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
Now when you default on the debt, it's when  you do not make the required payments. So for  
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:39
your mortgage, every month, you're required  to pay a certain amount, let's say $5,000.  
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๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค์›” ํŠน์ • ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 5,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
If you do not pay $5,000, then you default on  your mortgage and the bank can take your house  
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5,000๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์€ํ–‰์€ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ง‘์„ ์••๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:55
from you. So that's the consequence. So the  US could default on its debt as soon as this  
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€
04:03
means the earliest point so June is the earliest  point where the US could default on its debt.  
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ 6์›”์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ฑ„๋ฌด ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ฑ„๋ฌด ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
I made the notes for you here and this lesson PDF  is available as a download and I'll share the link  
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF๋Š” ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:19
at the end of the lesson. Let's continue on. The  US will reach the debt limit. Now remember later  
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. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
04:28
in the article they explained what the debt limit  is. So we'll talk more about what that is. The US  
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๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋’ท๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€
04:35
will reach the debt limit on January 19. And  then extraordinary measures so a measure is a  
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1์›” 19์ผ์— ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ
04:45
tactic or a step that you need to take to solve  a problem. And then extraordinary measures are  
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์ˆ  ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠน๋‹จ์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š”
04:55
measures that go beyond what you would expect.  So let's say there's a terrible accident as an  
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
example because of extraordinary measures. So I'm  thinking of an extraordinary situation. I might  
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋น„์ƒ ์กฐ์น˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
05:10
say the doctor had to take extraordinary measures  to save the child. So measure steps to solve a  
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ
05:18
problem and then extraordinary more than you would  expect. So that's extraordinary measures. We'll  
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๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:25
learn more about that in the article and notice  my verb here, because you take extraordinary  
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:31
measures. That's what I use and that's what  you see in the article as well will need to be  
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ
05:38
taken for Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen wrote  in a letter to House Speaker Kevin McCarthy.  
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์žฌ๋‹› ์˜๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ๋ฌด์žฅ๊ด€์ด ์ผ€๋นˆ ๋งค์นด์‹œ ํ•˜์›์˜์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํŽธ์ง€์—์„œ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
She says that the Treasury Department will pursue  those measures. So pursue is another word of  
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋Š”
05:55
saying take action to accomplish. We generally  use this with goals major goals. For example,  
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๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
06:06
I'm pursuing my PhD so this is a major goal  and I'm taking action to accomplish it. Pursue,  
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ตฌ,
06:20
pursue. This is a verb so notice right now it's  in the Present Continuous because it's an action  
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์ถ”๊ตฌ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
06:28
I'm taking right now. I wrote the definition here  and remember we do generally use this for goals or  
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์„ฑ์ทจ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:35
major accomplishments. But they will only last a  limited amount of time. So the measures remember  
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ์ง€์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
06:44
those are the extraordinary measures so they will  be limited it is unlikely that the government will  
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ ์กฐ์น˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ 6์›” ์ดˆ ์ด์ „์—
06:52
exhaust its cash and the extraordinary measures  before early June. When you exhaust something it  
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ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํŠน๋ณ„ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ง„ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ง„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:01
means you have used all of it you used 100% of  it. Now you can use this with money. And in this  
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ 100% ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด
07:12
context, it makes sense. But for your purposes,  you will probably use it in the sense of options  
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๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ต์…˜
07:21
or solutions. So let's say you're at work and  you're trying to solve a problem for your company,  
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๋˜๋Š” ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
you might say we've exhausted all options, which  means you have no options left you've used all  
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๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์†Œ์ง„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‚จ์€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
the options available and you haven't solved  the problem. So it's a negative thing. We've  
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
exhausted all our options, or if you're trying  to refinance your mortgage because your mortgage  
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๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์†Œ์ง„ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€
07:58
payments went up so you have more debt. And you  don't want to D fall default on that debt. You  
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์ƒํ™˜์•ก์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์•„ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์žฌ์œต์žํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ๋นš์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
08:07
don't want to default on that debt. Well then  you might pursue different options pursued take  
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๊ทธ ๋นš์„ ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:14
action towards you might pursue different options.  And then when you have tried every single option,  
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์ผ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
08:21
you could say we've exhausted all our options.  Nobody will give us a loan. So those options  
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๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์†Œ์ง„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ต์…˜์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€
08:33
might be talking to different banks, talking to  your family friends. you've exhausted all your  
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์€ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:40
options. So it's a good expression we generally  use when you're trying to solve a problem.  
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
Okay, so it's unlikely that the government  will exhaust its cash which means use all  
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ์†Œ์ง„ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:55
of its cash. So let me use that when you  exhaust something, to use all of something.  
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์ง„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
So to use all of its cash and the extraordinary  measures before early June, though, she said there  
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 6์›” ์ดˆ ์ด์ „์— ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํŠน๋ณ„ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
09:11
was considerable uncertainty. So uncertainty  means you're not sure what's going to happen,  
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
right? It could be 50%. You succeed 50%  You fail, but when you say considerable,  
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? 50%์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ 50% ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ,
09:24
you're making the amount of uncertainty more  you're increasing that amount. So maybe it  
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ์–‘์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
09:32
went from 50% uncertainty to 80% uncertainty. So  this is when you make the noun more basically,  
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50%์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์—์„œ 80%์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ
09:45
to make the noun more so uncertainty around that  forecast, Yellen wrote, she urged lawmakers when  
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Yellen์ด ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:54
you urge someone, you try to convince someone or  to persuade someone to do something. So we hear  
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:07
this a lot with people who give advice. Maybe your  mother, my mother urged me to become a doctor. You  
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์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒ์œ ํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
10:20
should become a doctor here are all the reasons  why so your mother is trying to convince you she's  
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
10:28
urging you. So this is a verb you can see it's  in the past simple here. So this is to convince  
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์žฌ์ด‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
10:37
someone to strongly advise or to persuade she  urged lawmakers to act in a timely matter,  
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์‹œ์˜
10:48
a timely matter. There is no set time, but it's  when you do not take more time than is necessary  
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์š” ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:59
or ideal. So it's just general advice. You should  act in a timely matter when you pursue your goal.  
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. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์กฐ์–ธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ ์‹œ์— ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
So you don't want to take more time that's  needed, but the amount of time is not specific.  
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋” ๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
As an example, you might say I didn't get the job  because I didn't act in a timely manner. Maybe it  
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์‹œ์— ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
took you too long to submit your resume too long.  To follow up with the company after the interview  
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์ด๋ ฅ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ํ›„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ํ›„์† ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:32
too long to provide your references. You didn't  act in a timely manner. Okay, let's continue  
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์ฐธ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์‹œ์— ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„, ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์ž
11:39
on. Failure to meet the government's obligations  would cause e reparable. harm to the US economy.  
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. ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ํ”ผํ•ด.
11:47
irreparable is damage that can not be on done and  we use it a lot with harm. So I'll highlight this.  
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๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์†์ƒ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์†์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋ฉฐ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
So damage or a negative consequence, all  right damage that cannot be on. Done.  
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์˜จ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์†์ƒ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„๋ฃŒ.
12:13
Now not a lot of things can't be on  Done. Usually if you make a mistake,  
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์ด์ œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:20
you can correct that mistake. But a lot of people  say that climate change has caused irreparable  
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๊ทธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
12:34
harm to our environment, our planet, whatever you  want to say. So without the word irreparable II  
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํ˜”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ irreparable II reparable์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด
12:45
reparable it sounds negative, but there could be  a solution. But if I add irreparable, it sounds  
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ irreparable์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
12:53
really negative because there's no solution. So  we might use this with a climate related problem.  
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์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ง ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Now, there could be a circumstance that caused  a reparable harm in your relationship with your  
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์ด์ œ
13:12
husband or wife or with friends for example. I  cheated on my wife, and it caused a reparable  
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๋‚จํŽธ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋‚ด ๋˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์นœ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ์†์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:24
harm to our marriage. So this is saying that  you cheated on your wife which means you had  
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์ƒํ™œ์— ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ์†์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
13:31
a relationship with another woman. Of course it  could be you cheated on your husband as well. And  
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚จํŽธ์„ ์†์˜€์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
13:38
the action cannot be undone. So you  cannot restore or fix your marriage  
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์ž‘์—…์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:47
is another way of saying your marriage is  over because of that you reparable harm.  
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:54
Now let's hope this doesn't cause II  reparable harm because that is very negative.  
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด II ํšŒ๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
So the if they default on their loans, which is  the same thing as failure to meet the government's  
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ธˆ์„
14:10
obligation, because it's their obligation to pay  their loan, so if they default on their debt,  
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์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด
14:16
it would cause irreparable harm. To the US  economy, the livelihoods of all Americans and  
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๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํž ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„,
14:24
global financial stability. She wrote, wow,  that's a lot of negative is the livelihood,  
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์œต ์•ˆ์ •์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™€์šฐ, ์ƒ๊ณ„์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ
14:31
one's livelihood is how you support yourself.  So is simply how you get your money.  
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์ƒ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
Because we already talked about climate  change, I can say climate change is threatening  
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
the livelihood of farmers so people who earn  their money from the land. Now notice I didn't  
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋•…์—์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
15:02
go as far as saying cause irreparable harm. I just  said threatening which is less severe. Climate  
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๋Œ์ดํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ›„
15:09
change is threatening the livelihood of farmers.  So how farmers earn their money. Let's continue on  
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๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
15:17
the debt limit. Oh, so now we got  the definition of a debt limit,  
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๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
which they explained at the very beginning.  Remember, debt is money that you owe. The  
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋นš์ง„ ๋ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
15:28
debt limit is the maximum that the federal  government is allowed Tokoro after Congress  
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๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์ž…์„
15:35
set a level more than a century ago to curtail  government borrowing. Here's our verb is curtail.  
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์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 100๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ „์— ์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ Tokoro๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ curtail์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
And curtail means to limit or reduce something.  Since we're talking about government spending,  
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  curtail์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
15:55
and I talked about mortgages earlier. Let me give  you an example related to that. The government  
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š”
16:03
increased interest rates to curtail consumer  spending. Per tail means to try to reduce to  
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์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ๋‹น์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ ๋‚˜ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค„์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:16
trying to reduce to reduce or to limit consumer  spending. I can also say COVID curtailed  
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. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํœด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:27
my vacation plans obviously COVID curtailed  my vacation plan so it limited my ability to  
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์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํœด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜์–ด
16:36
travel it reduced my ability to travel COVID  curtailed my vacation plans. curtail is a more  
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์—ฌํ–‰ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํœด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. curtail์€ ์ข€ ๋”
16:47
formal sounding word. We definitely hear it a lot  with official communication from the government  
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ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
16:54
or from companies but you can use it in your day  to day speech. It is just a more formal choice.  
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์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
Let's also talk about borrow. The debt limit  is the maximum that the federal government is  
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์ฐจ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€
17:11
allowed to borrow. When you borrow something, it  means that you receive something. So you might  
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์ฐจ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
17:22
say I borrowed this book from my sister, I borrow  this book from my sister. So I received this book  
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋‚ด ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋นŒ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋‚ด ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋นŒ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
17:38
and my sister was the one who gave me this book.  And of course, when you borrow something is only  
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์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๋‚˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:43
temporary. You're supposed to give it back you're  supposed to return it after a period of time. And  
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์ผ์‹œ์ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
that's why we use it with money when you take out  a loan. When you acquire debt. You borrow money,  
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ทจ๋“ํ•  ๋•Œ. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
18:01
right? I asked my parents if I could oral money,  and they said yes. So my parents are going to give  
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋‘๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋„ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด
18:14
me money. And then at some point in the future,  I am going to give the money back to them.  
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๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:22
Now we don't say my parents borrowed me money.  This is wrong. It's incorrect. It's I borrowed  
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:34
money from my parents. That is the correct  sentence structure. I hear this a lot. My  
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ
18:43
parents borrowed me know. I borrowed money from  my parents that is correct. So do some example  
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ธ์–ด์š”. ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ
18:52
sentences in the comments and I do not want to see  this. Let's continue on. Since our last paragraph.  
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์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๋ฝ ์ดํ›„.
19:01
Congress has in the past raised the debt limit.  So increased it raised it to avoid a default on  
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์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋””ํดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:11
US debt. You already know what default is default  is when you're not able to make your required  
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. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
19:18
payments, and they want to avoid it. They don't  want that to happen before we saw a default as a  
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:29
verb to default, here, it's a noun. I know it's a  noun because I have my article ah, and we only use  
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๊ด€์‚ฌ ah๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
19:38
articles with nouns. So this can be used as a verb  and a noun. You already know the definition. It's  
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
19:45
the same. A default on US debt that economists  have warned would be financial Armageddon. Oh  
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๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์˜ ๋””ํดํŠธ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •์  ์•„๋งˆ๊ฒŸ๋ˆ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
my gosh. Remember, our other term was e reparable.  harm. It's the same thing. Because I'm sure you've  
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์ด๋Ÿฐ. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผํ•ด. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
20:02
seen the movie Armageddon, a giant asteroid is  going to hit Earth and obviously Earth would be  
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์˜ํ™” ์•„๋งˆ๊ฒŸ๋ˆ์„ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ดด๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:10
destroyed. That's e reparable. Because we can't  put Earth back together again. So it's the same  
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. ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ฉ์น  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
20:16
thing as saying e reparable. harm. It's just  a more dramatic way. That's what lawmakers did  
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e ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผํ•ด. ๋” ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
20:22
in late 2021. That refers to raised the debt  limit that what they did in 2021, following  
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2021๋…„ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ต์ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์ด์–ด 2021๋…„์— ํ•œ ์ผ์„
20:33
the last standoff over the debt ceiling Okay. A  standoff is just when two parties cannot agree,  
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๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
20:43
and they're not willing to change their opinion.  So this party says, don't increase the debt limit  
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์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
20:53
the debt ceiling, and this party says increase  it. Now if it's just back and forth. No, yes,  
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, ์ด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ํ•œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์˜ˆ,
21:00
no, yes. And they're not changing their  opinion, then we can call that a standoff.  
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์˜ˆ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:08
So now you know the main points to understand this  article. So what you can do is you can go back to  
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
21:16
the beginning and listen to me read it again  and practice along with my pronunciation. And  
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
21:22
of course, you can practice all the vocabulary  that you learned and you can download the free  
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
21:28
PDF in the link below. I hope you enjoyed this  lesson. Amazing job with this lesson. And if you  
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋งํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž‘์—…. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
21:36
look in the description, you'll find a link to  the free lesson PDF that you can download. And  
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์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:42
if you found this video helpful, please hit  the like button, share it with your friends,  
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์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
21:46
and of course subscribe. And before  you go, make sure you head on over to  
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๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
21:50
my website, Jay Forrest english.com and download  your free speaking Guide. In this guide, I share  
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์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ Jay Forrest English.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”
21:55
six tips on how to speak English fluently and  confidently. And until next time, Happy Studying!
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€, ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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