You have a C1 Level in English If You Know These Words - Advanced English Vocabulary

53,465 views ใƒป 2023-09-15

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:01
I'm Jennifer.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
And today you're going to learn the most common C.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ C.1 ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:06
1 Vocabulary that you need toย  sound fluent sound advance.
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.
00:11
And pass your Il's easily and you're goingย  to complete quizzes as you go through.
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Il์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
This lesson to make sure youย  really know this vocabulary.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์ด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Let's get started.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:23
In this lesson, you're going to learn the mostย  common C1 verbs, adverbs, nouns and adjectives.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ C1 ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And you're going to completeย  quizzes after each section.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์„น์…˜์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
All the vocabulary is at the C1 level.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์–ดํœ˜๋Š” C1 ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
The C1 level is an advancedย  level of English proficiency.
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C1 ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์˜์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
Students at this level are expected to have a wideย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ
00:50
range of vocabulary and useย  complex language structures.
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์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Now let's start with the topย  10C1 verbs to advocate advocate.
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์ด์ œ ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์œ„ 10C1 ๋™์‚ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
This means that you support, recommendย  or speak in favor of something.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:09
For sentence structure, you advocate forย  something you need that preposition for,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:17
and then you have your something, a noun or aย  gerund verb, because you have the preposition for.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
As an example, environmentalistsย  advocate for stricter regulationsย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€
01:32
to protect endangered speciesย  if the environmentalists.
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๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์ข…์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:38
Advocate for these stricter regulations.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:41
It means they want them, they recommend them, theyย  support them, and they speak in favor of them.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
And notice that preposition for.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ for๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:52
Environmentalists advocateย  for stricter regulations.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
To elaborate, Elaborate.
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์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
02:01
This is when you add more detail or information toย  a statement or explanation for sentence structure,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ,
02:10
you elaborate on something, and that somethingย  is your idea, your statement, your explanation.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ์ง„์ˆ , ์„ค๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
So notice that preposition here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ž์„ธํžˆ
02:22
We need on advocate for elaborate on.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
For example, The professor asks Mark to elaborateย  on his research findings during the presentation.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ์ค‘์— Mark์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
So Mark is presenting.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:39
He's sharing informationย  about his research findings.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
But the.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ.
02:45
Professor said Can you elaborate on this?
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๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:49
So Mark needs to provide more information,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ Mark๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด, ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜
02:53
more details, and by doing so he'sย  elaborating on his research findings.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
To implement, implement.
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๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:03
This is when you put somethingย  into a fact or action.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Or you apply or carry out a plan or decision.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
For example, the company plans to implementย  a new marketing strategy to increase sales.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ถœ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
So they're going to implement this marketingย  strategy, They're going to put it into effect.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
Once it's in effect, it means it is active,ย ย 
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ณ ,
03:32
it is doing what you wanted it to do,ย  and notice here you implement something.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
So we don't need an additional prepositionย  between our verb and our noun or clause.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Implement the marketing plan.
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๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Implement the strategy,ย  implement the recommendations.
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์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถŒ์žฅ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:57
To emerge, emerge.
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:00
This is when something comes intoย  existence or becomes visible or apparent.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
For example, as the sunset, the city'sย  skyline, emerged in all its splendor.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์Šค์นด์ด๋ผ์ธ์ธ ์ผ๋ชฐ์ด ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
The city skyline emerged.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ์Šค์นด์ด๋ผ์ธ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
It became visible or apparent.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
Apparent is another way of saying visible.
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
If something is apparent, it means you can see it.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
A problem can also emerge which means that problemย  is visible or apparent to constitute constitute.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์ง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
This means to be part of a wholeย  or to form or make up something.
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์ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
For example, these five sections constituteย  the annual report, so these five sections.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด 5๊ฐœ ์„น์…˜์ด ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด 5๊ฐœ ์„น์…˜์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Make up the annual report.
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์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:59
They form the annual report.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
They're a part of the annual Report,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
05:06
so the sections are the individual partsย  and the whole is the annual report,ย ย 
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์„น์…˜์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์ด๋ฉฐ
05:14
and these five sections constitute makeup orย  form the annual Report to commence commence this.
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์ด 5๊ฐœ ์„น์…˜์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Simply means to begin or start something.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Remember that all of theseย  verbs are advanced C1 verbs.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ C1 ๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:33
They are more advanced ways of sayingย  simple things like start, commence.
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์‹œ์ž‘, ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
But also remember that to be consideredย  fluent and advanced in English,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
05:45
you need to know these alternative waysย  and advanced grammatical structures.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:51
So commence is the advanced wayย  of saying to start or begin.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:57
For example, the conference will commence with aย  keynote speech by A renowned experts in the field.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์กฐ ์—ฐ์„ค๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Of course you can simply say start,ย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
06:10
but to sound more advanced you can sayย  commence to encompass encompass this.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
Means to include or contain.
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ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
Or to cover or surround entirely, For example,ย  the project scope encompasses a wide range ofย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€
06:30
topics related to sustainable development ifย  it encompasses a wide range of topics related.
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๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
To sustainable development,ย ย 
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
06:40
it means that it includes or containsย  these topics and the project scope.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
The scope of a project is whatย  a project will include or cover.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
So if it is within the scope,ย  the project will do it.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
If an item is outside of the scope,ย  well then the project will not do it.
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ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
You might need to commence start a new projectย ย 
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07:09
that encompasses that other itemย  that contains that other item.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
To complement, complement, This meansย  to enhance or complete something byย ย 
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๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ด๋Š”
07:22
adding an additional item that harmonizes with it.
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์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
In plain English, it means that you addย  something that goes well with it that matches it.
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ํ‰์ดํ•œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
For example, the red shoesย  complemented her black dress perfectly.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฒ€์€ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
She has her black dress well.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์ž…์–ด์š”.
07:48
What color harmonizes with black?
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๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ‰์ด ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋‚˜์š”?
07:51
What color goes well with black?
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๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ‰์ด ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”?
07:55
Red, red and black complement each other.
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๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰, ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰, ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
So she chose red shoes to complement herย  black dress, to convey, convey this means,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:09
to communicate or express a message orย  information, for example the artist.
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๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋‚˜ ์ •๋ณด(์˜ˆ: ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ)๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ํ‰์˜จํ•จ์„
08:16
Used muted colors to convey a senseย  of tranquility in the painting.
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์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:26
To convey a certain emotion.
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ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
The artist used these.
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08:29
To communicate that emotion,ย  to express that emotion.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.
08:35
Muted colors.
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์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ƒ‰์ƒ.
08:36
Are very soft colors, tranquility?
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ƒ‰์ƒ, ํ‰์˜จํ•จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:39
That is a feeling of calm.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
So when you look at this painting.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด.
08:46
The feeling is conveyed.
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๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ์ „ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
The feeling is communicated or expressed.
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๊ทธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
To assemble, assemble.
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์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:55
This means to gather.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
08:57
Or to put together parts to create a whole.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
For example, tomorrow let's assemble in theย  conference room to discuss the proposal.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด์ผ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:10
In this sense, it means to gather.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
09:13
So when individuals assemble, firstย  they're individuals, but then the.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ชจ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
Whole is the team, so youย  have the individual members.
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์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํŒ€์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
But then when they assemble, they combine toย  form the team, and it can also mean to gather.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ญ‰์ณ ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
When people gather, they are individualsย  and they come together as a whole.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
Tomorrow, let's assemble in theย  conference room to discuss the proposal.
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๋‚ด์ผ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:43
So now you have the 10 most common C1 verbs in theย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ 10๊ฐœ์˜ C1 ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:48
English language to help you getย  to that advanced level in English.
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.
09:53
But how well do you really know these verbs?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:57
Well, let's find out with a quiz.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:01
Here are the questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Hit pause.
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์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
10:05
Take as much time as you need.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:07
And when you're ready toย  see the answers, hit play.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋ณผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
10:13
So how did you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์—ˆ์–ด์š”?
10:15
Let's find out.
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์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด์ž.
10:16
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
Hit, pause.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ.
10:20
Take as much time as youย  need to review these answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:23
And when you're done, hit play.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
10:28
Amazing job with that section make.
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๊ทธ ์„น์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
10:31
Sure, you share your score in the comments belowย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ 
10:34
and also share your favorite advancedย  verb from the list in the comments.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
10:40
And leave an example sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
10:42
And now let's.
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์ด์ œ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
10:44
Move on to the top ten C1 adverbs.
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์ƒ์œ„ 10๊ฐœ์˜ C1 ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:48
Now, before we start, just rememberย  that adverbs can modify verbs.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:54
Adjectives and other adverbs.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ.
10:58
Adverbs are there to add more detail, moreย  clarity, or to emphasize the word used.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ช…ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
In the sentence, adverbs are easy to identify inย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š”
11:11
a sentence because they're commonlyย  formed by adding ly to the adjective.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์— ly๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
With that, let's review theย  top ten C1 adverbs incessantly.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์œ„ 10๊ฐœ C1 ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
Incessantly this means withoutย  interruption or continuously.
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘๋‹จ ์—†์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„
11:30
For.
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์œ„ํ•œ.
11:31
The alarm kept ringing incessantlyย  until she finally woke up, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๋žŒ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
11:39
I could say the alarm keptย  ringing until she finally woke up.
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์•Œ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์šธ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:44
Adverbs are not required in a sentence,ย  but when I say incessantly you have this.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:52
Picture in your mind of this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:54
This action happening non-stop continuously,ย ย 
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์ด ๋™์ž‘์€ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ
11:59
so all of a sudden it sounds a lot moreย  annoying or frustrating than without the adverb.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
The alarm kept ringing incessantlyย  until she finally woke up.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๊นจ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๋žŒ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
Inevitably, Inevitably.
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ.
12:16
That's fun to say.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ฐธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
12:18
Inevitably this.
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ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
12:20
Means certain to happen.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
So let's take an example with population growth.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
I could say with the increasing population,ย  traffic jams are inevitably becoming more commonย ย 
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตํ†ต ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:36
again.
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.
12:37
I could simply say trafficย  jams are becoming more common.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ์ด ์ ์  ๋” ํ”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
But when I add inevitably.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด.
12:43
It emphasizes.
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๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
That, and you know that thisย  is definitely going to happen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
This is.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€.
12:53
Certain to happen and of.
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์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์ด ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
Course a traffic jam is when you are unableย  to move because there are cars all around you.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
A traffic jam, something that weย  inevitably deal with inordinately.
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๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ.
13:12
Inordinately, this means excessively orย ย 
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์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”
13:18
unusually, for example, he wasย  inordinately excited about his.
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๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
Art exhibition, of course, you expect.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
Someone to be excited about their art,ย  expedition or any sort of event or presentation.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ , ํƒํ—˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
But if you say he was inordinately.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด์š”.
13:40
Excited all of a sudden.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฅ๋ถ„์ด ์‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ
13:42
I don't think this is a good thing becauseย  it means there is too much excitement.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:49
The amount of excitement is not appropriateย  to the situation, so this is how.
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ํฅ๋ถ„์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Adverbs are so valuable because they can reallyย  change the overall meaning of a sentence.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:03
He was inordinately excited about hisย  upcoming art exhibition, and maybe you were.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ˆ  ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
Inordinately upset about making a mistake.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
In English it's normal to make mistakes,ย  but the amount of upset that you became was.
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์ƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋งŒํผ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
Too much, given the situation.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
Magnanimously.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
14:28
Magnanimously.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
14:30
That's a long word.
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๋ง์ด ์ฐธ ๊ธธ๊ตฐ์š”.
14:32
Magnanimously.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
14:34
This means in a generous.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
And forgiving way.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฉ์„œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•. ์„
14:39
For.
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์œ„ํ•œ.
14:40
Example, my old boss was magnanimously friendlyย  after he found out I started my own company.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜์˜ ์˜› ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
So I was working for thisย  company, but then I quit.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋’€์–ด์š”.
14:53
I left.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.
14:54
And I started my own company that's going toย  compete directly with the existing company.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
So you would expect that?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:04
My boss, My previous boss.
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๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ, ๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์ „ ์ƒ์‚ฌ.
15:07
My old boss.
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๋‚˜์˜ ์˜› ์ƒ์‚ฌ.
15:08
Would be upset, but he was friendly,ย ย 
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์†์ƒํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์นœ์ ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
15:11
so I can say magnanimously friendly to showย  that he was friendly in a forgiving way.
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๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„๋‚Œ์—†์ด ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:19
He wanted to show that he wasn'tย  upset because I left and started.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
My own company, ostensibly.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
Ostensibly, this meansย  appearing as one thing when it.
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
Is really something else?
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์ •๋ง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
15:35
For example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด.
15:36
He was obstensively happy, so Iย  know that he's appearing happy,ย ย 
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๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
15:42
but there's really something elseย  so in reality he isn't happy.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
I know that because I said.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
15:51
Obstensively happy, he wasย  obstensively happy about the news,ย ย 
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๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์†Œ์‹์— ๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
15:58
but deep down he was really worried.
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์†์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
So he appeared happy, but inย  reality he's worried deep.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์ด ๊นŠ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
Down that represents the feelingsย  on the inside that we generally.
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๋‹ค์šด์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:13
Don't show to the public perpetually, perpetually.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
16:19
This means constantly or continuouslyย  over a long period of time.
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์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:25
For example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด.
16:26
She's perpetually late.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
This is not a good thing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
Because if you said she's late,ย  well, that simply means she's late.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
Right now in this specific situation,ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
16:38
but if I add the adverb perpetually,ย  I know it means constantly, which is.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
All the time.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ.
16:46
It's a reoccurring action, orย  continuously over a long period of time.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
She's perpetually late.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
Not a good thing.
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์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
Precariously.
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์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ.
16:58
Precariously this meansย  dangerously or in an unstable.
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์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
Way for example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
17:07
The hiker walked precariouslyย  along the edge of the Cliff.
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๋“ฑ์‚ฐ๊ฐ์€ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
So there's an edge of a Cliff.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
That's already a dangerous situation.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
But if he's walking precariously, it means he'sย  walking in an unstable way, so he's walking like.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํƒœ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฑท๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
This or a dangerous way.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
He's extremely close to the edgeย  of the Cliff, superfluously.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:38
This is also fun to say superfluously.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
This means in an unnecessaryย  or excessive manner, So.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•„์š” ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
Too much?
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€? ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฒƒ
17:49
Too much beyond what is.
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์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
For example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด.
17:54
The report was superfluouslyย  long, so reports can be long,ย ย 
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๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์“ธ๋ฐ์—†์ด ๊ธธ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋„ ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜
18:00
but if you say it was superfluouslyย  long, it means unnecessarily long.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์“ธ๋ฐ์—†์ด ๊ธธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
18:06
They made one section of the report 10.
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๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜ ํ•œ ์„น์…˜์„ 10.
18:10
Pages when it could have easily been one page.
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ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
So hopefully you don't think thatย  this video is superfluously long.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:21
Excessively long too.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธธ์–ด์š”.
18:24
Long than needed, wanted, or desired.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธธ๋‹ค.
18:28
Unanimously, unanimously, this meansย  with complete agreement of all.
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๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:35
Parties involved, so everyoneย  agrees with the same thing, they.
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๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
All agree, yes, or they all.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
No, or they all agree.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
Some other decision.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ์ •.
18:49
For example, the board membersย  unanimously approved the annual report.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์€ ์—ฐ๋ก€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ์Šน์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
This means that every boardย  member said yes, I approve.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด '์˜ˆ, ์Šน์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:02
They unanimously approved vehemently.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŒ์žฅ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์Šน์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
Vehemently.
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๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ.
19:08
This means in a strong and.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ and๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:11
Emotional way.
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๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
19:12
For example, she vehemently opposed the idea of.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
Relocating to a new city when you relocate,ย ย 
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์ด์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
19:22
it means you permanently move from whereย  you live now to a different location.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
So she opposed this idea.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:32
She didn't want to relocate, but if I.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
19:35
Say she vehemently opposed, youย  know, it was with strong emotion.
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๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์•„์‹œ ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:41
She feels very strongly that sheย  doesn't want to move to relocate.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
She vehemently opposed.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:50
Relocating to a new city,ย  so now you have 10 advanced.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์ „ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ œ 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:56
Adverbs in your vocabulary to helpย  you sound fluent and advanced.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:01
At that C1 level.
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๊ทธ C1 ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ.
20:03
So let's find out how well youย  know these adverbs with a quiz.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
20:09
Here are the questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:10
Hit, pause.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ.
20:12
Take.
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20:12
As much time as you need.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋‹ค.
ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„.
20:14
And when you're ready toย  see the answers, hit play.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋ณผ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
20:20
So how'd you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์—ˆ์–ด์š”?
20:21
Well, let's find out.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด์ž.
20:23
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:25
Hit pause.
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์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
20:26
Review them.
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๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ
20:27
And when you're ready to move on, hit play.
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๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
20:33
You're doing great.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:34
Make sure you share your score andย  again share your favorite adverb.
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์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
20:38
Leave an example sentence and let's move on.
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์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:41
To the top 10 most common C.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ƒ์œ„ 10๊ฐœ C.
20:44
One nouns disparity, disparity.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ disparity, disparity.
20:49
This is a noticeable differenceย  or inequality between things,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
20:54
often in terms of quantity,ย  quality or status, for example.
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์ข…์ข… ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:00
There is a significant disparity in incomeย  levels between the rich and poor in this city.
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์ด ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์†Œ๋“ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:09
Remember grammatically that we're talkingย  about nouns, so pay attention to if theย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
21:16
noun requires an article, or if not, becauseย  it's either an exception or it's uncountable.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
21:24
In this case, we have a disparity.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:28
We need an article.
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:30
There is a modifier, a significant disparity.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:35
The article is conjugatedย  with the modifier, so if.
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๊ด€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ if์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:40
You need a or and it depends on whatย  directly comes after the article.
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๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:46
A significant disparity.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:49
Resilience.
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ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ.
21:50
Resilience.
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ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ.
21:51
This is a concept and it's when you can recoverย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋„์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:56
quickly from challenges orย  difficulties, for example.
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.
22:01
The community's resilienceย  was evident in how quicklyย ย 
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง„ ์ดํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:07
they rebuilt after the devastating earthquake.
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.
22:11
So there was this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
22:13
Devastating earthquake thatย  destroyed the homes but the city's.
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์ง‘์€ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ง€์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
22:19
Their ability to recover quickly fromย  challenges or difficulties allow themย ย 
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์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
22:25
to rebuild the home and noticeย  that the resilience it belongs to.
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์ง‘์„ ์žฌ๊ฑดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ง‘์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:32
The city, This city's resilience, Dilemma.
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๋„์‹œ, ์ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ, ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ.
22:37
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
22:38
That's fun to say.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ฐธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
22:39
Dilemma.
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์–‘๋„ ๋…ผ๋ฒ•.
22:40
This is a difficult situation orย  problem where a choice must beย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
22:47
made between two options, butย  they're equally undesirable.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:53
So both of the options aren't very good,ย  but you have to make a decision that's.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ข‹์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
A dilemma.
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๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ.
23:01
And notice that article a dilemma.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์กŒ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
23:04
For example, she faced A dilemmaย  between taking a high paying jobย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด
23:10
she didn't enjoy or pursuing her passionย  for art, but with an uncertain income.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ณ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:18
So she can take the high payingย  job, but she doesn't like it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ง์—…์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:22
Or she can pursue art, but there's no money.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€
23:26
So that's a dilemma because both of those options.
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์˜ต์…˜์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:30
Have undesirable qualities.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:33
Endeavor.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ.
23:34
Endeavor.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ.
23:35
This is a serious or determinedย  effort to achieve something,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€,
23:40
especially something challenging or worthwhile.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์ „์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:44
For example, the team made every endeavorย  to complete the project ahead of schedule.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŒ€์€ ์ผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:51
Notice here, because it's aย  noun, we sometimes requireย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
23:56
other grammatical structures to make it complete.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:59
And here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ.
24:00
You make an endeavor.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:03
Otherwise, we could actuallyย  use endeavor as a verb.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:09
The team endeavored to complete the project.
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ํŒ€์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:14
But this lesson is teaching you nouns.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:18
And in this case, endeavor is also a noun.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:21
But you make an endeavor.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:24
In this example, it's made every endeavor.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:28
So we have our verb make in the past.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” make๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:31
Simple.
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24:31
And because every implies there was moreย  than one, we don't have an article made.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:40
Every endeavor but endeavor is a.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:44
Down that doesn't take a plural form, so theย  noun is plural, but we don't add an S to it.
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Down that์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— S๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:53
Inclination.
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๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ.
24:54
Inclination.
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๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ.
24:56
This is a natural tendency orย  preference towards something.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:01
His inclination towards music led him toย  pursue a career as a professional musician.
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์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฌธ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:09
So he has a natural tendency towards music.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:13
Or simply he has a preference.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:16
And because of that preference, he'sย  pursuing a career as a musician.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ ํ˜ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:21
His inclination and noted.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ.
25:25
Is the inclination belongs to him,ย  his inclination towards music.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ธ๊ฐ€, ์Œ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ธ๊ฐ€.
25:31
Catalyst catalyst.
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์ด‰๋งค ์ด‰๋งค.
25:34
A catalyst is something that speeds upย ย 
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์ด‰๋งค์ œ๋Š”
25:38
a significant change or thatย  causes a significant change.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:43
For example, the new technology servedย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
25:47
as a catalyst for the company's rapidย  expansion into international markets.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:54
So in this case, the catalystย  is the new technologyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด‰๋งค์ œ ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
26:00
and the new technology allowed the company toย  speed up a significant change, which in thisย ย 
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
26:09
case is expanding into international marketsย  or it simply caused that significant change.
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:18
So either they were in the processย  of doing this, or they started it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:24
As a new project, but the newย  technology was the catalyst it.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ด‰๋งค์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:31
Sped it up or it caused it?
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์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ธ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
26:35
This position.
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์ด ์œ„์น˜.
26:37
Disposition.
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์ฒ˜๋ถ„.
26:38
This is a person's inherentย  qualities of mind and character.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:44
Or you can think of it asย  one's temperament or nature.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:48
For example, her cheerful disposition made herย  a joy to be around even in difficult situations.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์พŒํ™œํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:57
So here her disposition.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:00
Disposition is the noun, and it simplyย  represents her character, her personality.
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์„ฑํ–ฅ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:07
And then we have an adjective,ย  her cheerful disposition,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์พŒํ™œํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
27:12
and in that case it soundsย  like a positive disposition.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:16
But somebody could have a negative disposition.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:20
His angry disposition made him a negative personย ย 
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:26
to be around to completely change theย  example to the opposite connotation.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:33
Connotation.
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๋‚ดํฌ.
27:34
This is the emotional or cultural associationsย  that a word has beyond is literal meaning.
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •์„œ์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
27:44
So let's take the word home literally.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ž.
27:48
A home is where you live.
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์ง‘์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:51
That's the literal meaning.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:53
Well, what other connotations are there with the?
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์Œ, the์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
27:57
Word home, we could say the word home hasย  positive connotations of warmth and security.
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์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ์ง‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•จ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:05
So that's the emotional characteristics.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:09
That the word has beyond is literal meaning.
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:13
That's the connotation controversy controversy.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ '์•”ํ˜ธ๋…ผ๋ž€' ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด๋‹ค.
28:18
I'm sure you know this one.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:21
This is a prolonged public dispute or debate,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ํ† ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ,
28:25
often involving opposingย  views or conflicting opinions.
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์ข…์ข… ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:30
For example, the new government policyย  sparked A controversy among citizensย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ถ€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๊ณ 
28:37
and politicians alike sparked a controversy.
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:41
Here, the word spark simply means created.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:45
The controversy only existsย  because of this new policy.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์€ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:51
And remember, the controversy is that there are.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
28:55
Opposing views, conflicting ideas.
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด, ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ.
28:58
So there's going to be some sort of debate.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:01
And is going to be a prolonged debate, aย  longer than usual debate, because it's a.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธด ํ† ๋ก ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด a.
29:10
Inference.
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์ถ”๋ก .
29:12
Inference.
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์ถ”๋ก .
29:13
This is a conclusion reached based on evidenceย  and reasoning rather than direct observation.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:22
So I could look at somethingย  and reach a conclusion.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:27
That's direct observation.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:30
But maybe I don't have the advantage of lookingย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์ ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
29:33
at something, so I have to use evidenceย  and reasoning to reach that conclusion.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:41
That's inference.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ”๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:43
This is something that detectives do.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
29:46
Because detectives don't always get to simplyย  look at something to directly observe it.
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ํ˜•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:53
For example, from the clues provided, so the.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋‹จ์„œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:58
That's the reasoning and theย  evidence from the clues provided.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋‹จ์„œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ถ”๋ก ์ด์ž ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:03
The detective made a crucialย  inference about the suspects location.
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ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฉ์˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:09
So the detective reached a conclusion aboutย  the suspects location not based on observation,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์šฉ์˜์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:16
because if you could observe where a suspect is,ย ย 
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์šฉ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
30:20
well then you would knowย  exactly where that person is.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:24
But the detective didn't know.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:26
He had to use inference, theย  clues, to determine that.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๋ก , ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:32
So now you know the top ten C1 nouns, butย  how well do you truly know these nouns?
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ์œ„ 10๊ฐœ C1 ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
30:41
Let's find out with a quiz.
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
30:43
So here are the questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:45
Hit pause.
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์ผ์‹œ ์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
30:46
Take as much time as you need, and whenย  you're ready to see the answers, hit play.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
30:53
So how do you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€๊นŒ์š”?
30:55
Well, let's find out.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด์ž.
30:57
Here are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:59
Hit, pause.
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์น˜๊ณ , ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ๋ผ. ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
31:00
Take as much time as youย  need to review the answers,ย ย 
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๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์ž
31:03
and when you're ready to continue, hit play.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
31:09
You're doing such a great job.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:10
Share your score, leave your favorite noun with anย  example sentence, and finally, let's move on to.
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์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:18
The top ten C1 adjectives.
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์ƒ์œ„ 10๊ฐœ C1 ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ.
31:21
An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:26
It provides additional informationย  about the noun or the pronoun,ย ย 
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31:31
such as the size, color,ย  shape, quantity, or quality.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์ƒ‰์ƒ, ๋ชจ์–‘, ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰, ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋“ฑ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:38
Ultimately, adjectives help make thisย  sentence more descriptive and interesting.
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์„ค๋ช…์ ์ด๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:45
And they'll help you sound veryย  fluent and advanced in English.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:50
So let's get started with theย  10 most common C1 adjectives.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ 10๊ฐ€์ง€ C1 ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:55
Ubiquitous, ubiquitous.
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์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค, ์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค.
31:58
This means present, found,ย  or appearing everywhere.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
32:04
For example, smartphones are ubiquitous devices.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์€ ์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค.
32:09
They're found everywhere.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:11
They're found in every home, every office.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:15
So we can say smartphones are ubiquitousย  devices in every home and office.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง‘๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:22
Paramount, Paramount when something is.
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ํŒŒ๋ผ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ.
32:27
It means it's more important than anything else.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค.
32:31
In emergency situations, the safety of theย  passengers is paramount to the airline crew.
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๊ธด๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์Šน๋ฌด์›์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:40
So you know the safety of the passengersย  is important to the airline crew,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์Šน๋ฌด์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ,
32:46
but by including the adjective paramount, youย  know it's more important than anything else.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ paramount๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:54
So the safety of the the passengers is moreย  important than protecting the actual airplane.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:01
The safety of the passengers is paramount.
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์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:05
Vast, vast.
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๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:08
This means a very great extent or quantity.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚˜ ์–‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:14
So when I hear vast, I knowย  that the extent is very great.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:21
For example, the Sahara desertย  is a vast expanse of sand dunes.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์€ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:28
So of course I know thereย  are sand dunes in the desert.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:32
I know there are many sand dunes.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค.
33:36
But when I hear vast the image.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋“ฃ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ ์ปค์ง„๋‹ค.
33:39
I have in my mind all of a suddenย  changes and I see sand dune afterย ย 
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๋‚ด ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์—๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ž˜
33:45
sand dune after sand dune becauseย  it's vast, profound, profound.
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์–ธ๋•์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:53
This means having deep insight or understanding,ย ย 
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์ด๋Š” ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊นŠ์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:57
for example, the professor'sย  lecture on quantum mechanics.
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.
34:02
Was profound.
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์‹ฌ์˜คํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
34:04
By using this adjective, I understandย  that the person saying this learned aย ย 
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์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
34:10
lot of very deep insights or now has a very deepย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๊นŠ์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŠ์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:15
understanding of the topic because itย  was profound, pervasive, pervasive.
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34:23
This means spreading widelyย  throughout a group or an area.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ญ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹
34:29
Remember we talked about howย  smartphones are ubiquitous?
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์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š” ?
34:34
They appear everywhere.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:36
Well, as a result, we can say that socialย  media is a pervasive part of modern societyย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:45
because smartphones are ubiquitous and socialย  media like the J Force English YouTube channelย ย 
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  J Force English YouTube ์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š”
34:53
is now everywhere as well, So it's pervasive.
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:57
It is spread widely andย  spread quickly within society.
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๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:02
Inherent.
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ.
35:03
Inherent This means existing in something asย  a permanent or inseparable quality or element.
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๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์ด๋ž€ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:12
It always lands on its feet.
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35:12
For example, cats have an inherent abilityย  to land on their feet when they fall.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋„˜์–ด์งˆ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:21
Have you heard that before that when a cat?
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๊ทธ ์ „์— ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
35:27
Well, this is an inherent quality.
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:31
It's permanent within the.
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๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:35
Cat It's not separable from the.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด ์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:37
Cat The cat didn't learn how to do this.
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:40
It's just an inherent quality,ย  inquisitive, inquisitive.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:46
This means showing a strong curiosity.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:50
Or willingness to learn.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€.
35:52
For example, my daughter was veryย  inquisitive when we were at the museum.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚ด ๋”ธ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:59
Generally, someone displays beingย  inquisitive by asking a lot of questions.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:06
So if you're at the museum with a young child orย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ฅธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
36:11
even an adult and they ask a lot ofย  questions about what they're seeing.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:16
They could also be inquisitive by wantingย  to read all of the signs and the postersย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ๊ณผ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ,
36:23
and the information about the objectsย  that they're looking at at the museum.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:29
In my opinion, being inquisitive is a veryย  beneficial quality when you're learning,ย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์€ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ๋•Œ,
36:37
especially when you're learning a language.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ์ž์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:39
I love when my students askย  questions when they're inquisitive.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:44
Because it shows they're reallyย  trying to understand and whenย ย 
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
36:48
you ask questions and you get those answers.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘๋‡Œ์—์„œ
36:51
You're able to form those connectionsย  in your brain and learn faster as well.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:56
So hopefully you are inquisitive whenย  it comes to the English language.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์œผ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:02
Fickle.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด.
37:03
Fickle.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด.
37:04
That's fun to say.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์ฐธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
37:05
Fickle.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด.
37:06
This means changing frequently, especiallyย  in one's loyalties, interests, or affections.
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์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ถฉ์„ฑ์‹ฌ, ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์• ์ •์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:16
For example, the.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,.
37:18
Fashion industry is known for its fickle trends.
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ํŒจ์…˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:23
Trends in the fashion industryย  change very quickly, very frequently.
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ํŒจ์…˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ, ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:29
1 day it could be very fashionableย  to wear a sweater like this,ย ย 
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ํ–‰์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ,
37:35
and then next week they say that is the.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ
37:39
Ugliest sweater ever and you shouldn't wear it.
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๋ชป์ƒ๊ธด ์Šค์›จํ„ฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ž…์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:42
So they're very fickle about what's trendyย  and what's not trendy, the fashion industry.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰ ํŒจ์…˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:49
Could also be fickle about whichย  designers they promote and support.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
37:54
Maybe one day this person is theย  designer that everyone's talking.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:00
But then next week, nobody'sย  talking about that person.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:04
And there's a totally new designer.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:07
So the fashion industry and many otherย  industries is very fickle, Intrinsic, intrinsic.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒจ์…˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:15
This means belonging naturally.
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์ด๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:19
And therefore it's an essential part.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:22
For example, an intrinsic motivation to succeedย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š”
38:26
drives some athletes to push theirย  limits so they're not motivated by.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:34
Winning a trophy becauseย  that's an external motivation.
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ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์—ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:39
The trophy is outside of them.
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ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:41
They're motivated by somethingย  within an intrinsic motivation.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์  ๋™๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
38:48
And just like I said that being inquisitive isย  important when you're learning a language, so.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:56
Is having an intrinsic motivation if you're only?
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
39:00
Motivated to study, to pass the IELTS?
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๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  IELTS์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
39:04
Well, that's an external motivation,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ์ ์ธ ๋™๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
39:06
and although it's great to have thatย  motivation generally, it's not enough.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:12
Generally we.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ.
39:14
Also need an intrinsic motivation to reallyย  push ourselves and succeed our full potential.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:21
Eminent, eminent.
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์ €๋ช…ํ•œ, ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŠน์ • ์ง์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ
39:24
This means famous and respected within aย  specific profession or field, for example.
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์—์„œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
39:33
She was awarded a prize for herย  eminent contributions to the field,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
39:41
the field being the area of her profession.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ๊ณตํ—Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:45
So if she is a quantum mechanic,ย  then that is her field.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:53
Quantum mechanics is her field.
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์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:56
If she is a physicist, then that is her field,ย  her area of study, interest or profession.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ, ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:06
And here is that her eminent contributions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณตํ—Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:10
So it's implying that her.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:12
Contributions are.
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๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ž ์—ญํ•™์ด๋“  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด๋“ 
40:15
Famous or respected within that particular field,ย  whether it be quantum mechanics or physics.
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ํŠน์ • ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กด๊ฒฝ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
40:23
Now you have the top 10.
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์ด์ œ ์ƒ์œ„ 10์œ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:26
Adjectives added to your vocabulary,ย  But how well do you really?
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์–ดํœ˜์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
40:30
Know these adjectives?
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์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
40:32
Let's find out with a quiz.
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
40:34
Here are.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:36
The questions hit pause.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:38
Take as much time as you need.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
40:40
And when you're ready, hit play.
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
40:45
So how'd you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์—ˆ์–ด์š”?
40:47
Well, let's find out here.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
40:50
Are the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:51
Hit pause, review them.
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์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
40:53
Take as much time as you need, and whenย  you're ready to continue, hit play.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
41:00
So how do you do with that quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€๊นŒ์š”?
41:02
Make sure you share yourย  score in the comments and.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๊ณผ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
41:06
Also, share your favorite adjective from the list.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
41:09
It's hard to choose, but I would.
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์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
41:12
Probably say for me it's fickle.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ€๋•์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
41:14
Because that is really fun to say.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
41:16
Fickle.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด.
41:17
Fickle.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด.
41:18
I like that one.
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41:18
What about you?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
41:19
Share it in the comments and try an exampleย ย 
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
41:22
sentence using your favoriteย  adjective and you can get.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
41:25
This free speaking guide where I share 6 tips onย  how to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:29
You can click.
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ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:30
Here to download it or look forย  the link in the descripcion.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
41:33
And why don't you get startedย  with your next video right now?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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