Learn ALL 16 TENSES Easily in under 30 Minutes - Present, Past, Future, Conditional

3,913,798 views ใƒป 2022-07-29

English with Lucy


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello, lovely students. And welcome back toย  English with Lucy. I have an amazing video for youย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ•™์ƒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. Lucy์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:05
today if I do say so myself. I'm going to teachย  you all of the English tenses. So many of youย ย 
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. ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
00:12
have been requesting a tenses video. I say, go bigย  or go home. That's a great saying. It means eitherย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€ ๋ง์”€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
00:20
put in all your effort or do nothing at all. Goย  big, or go home. I'd personally rather put inย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
00:27
all of my effort. So today in under 30 minutes,ย  we will go through all 16 tenses, including theย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ 30๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์— ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 16๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:36
conditionals. You will walk away from thisย  lesson with a much better understanding ofย ย 
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. ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋งˆ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:41
English grammar. Now, before we get started, I'veย  also got something really important to mention,ย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
especially if you are extremely serious aboutย  taking your English grammar and your knowledgeย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
00:54
of English tenses to the next level. We areย  running a 30-day Tenses Challenge. In 30 days,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 30์ผ ์‹œ์ œ ์ฑŒ๋ฆฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 30์ผ ์•ˆ์—
01:01
you will master the English tenses. The present,ย  the past, and the future. I will teach you themย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜.
01:09
with detailed grammar explanation videos. Mindย  maps for every tense. 25 to 30 exercises for eachย ย 
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์„ค๋ช… ๋™์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ๋งต. ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 25~30๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ
01:18
tense. Reviews of the tense. A final exam. It'sย  an amazing challenge. It will bring you amazingย ย 
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. ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐ. ๊ธฐ๋ง๊ณ ์‚ฌ. ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:27
results, but it's a small investment, only 15ย  minutes per day. You could also group it upย ย 
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, ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋‹จ 15๋ถ„๋งŒ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์•ก์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:33
and do 30 minutes every other day. The tenses areย  the building blocks of English. You can't progressย ย 
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๊ฒฉ์ผ๋กœ 30๋ถ„์”ฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:41
if you don't know them. So why not go for it?ย  Do it in 30 days. Aside from the course content,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์™œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? 30์ผ ์•ˆ์— ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ฝ”์Šค ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์™ธ์—๋„
01:48
and you have lifetime access to that, you alsoย  have 45 days' access to our course community.ย ย 
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ํ‰์ƒ ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฝ”์Šค ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— 45์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
There you can interact with my teachers. Requestย  feedback. Ask questions. Clarify your doubts,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์งˆ๋ฌธ. ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ 
02:03
and you can interact with the other courseย  students. When you complete the challenge,ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฝ”์Šค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ฑŒ๋ฆฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋ฉด
02:07
you get a digital certificate of completion toย  prove your attendance of the English course. Allย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์ฝ”์Šค ์ฐธ์„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“ 
02:13
of the information is down in the linkย  below. We are running a special price.ย ย 
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์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ๋งํฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํŠน๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
It will not continue for long. There is aย  deadline. Click on there. See if it's right forย ย 
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ•œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•œ
02:25
you, and then you can enrol. There's a deadlineย  for enrolment. You must enrol by midnight, on theย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๋ก ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 7์›” 31์ผ ์ž์ •๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:31
31st of July. We start the lessons on the 1st ofย  August. You will receive your first lesson then.ย ย 
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. 8์›” 1์ผ์— ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ฒซ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
I can't wait to welcome you into the Tensesย  Challenge. Right, let's get started with theย ย 
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Tenses ์ฑŒ๋ฆฐ์ง€์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์˜์ƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:43
video. Okay, so today we're learning all 16 tenses in English,
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. ์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ 16๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
02:48
and I'm going to give you loads of examples
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02:50
so that you can learn them and use them yourself.
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Firstly, I think it's best to have an overview,
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๋จผ์ € ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ
02:55
and then we can go more in depth into each group.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
I know that going over 16 tenses all in one lesson
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ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ 16๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
03:03
may seem like a lot and it is,
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๋งŽ์•„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
this is a big lesson,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:06
but they do share a lot of characteristics,
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๋งŽ์€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:09
so seeing them all together
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋”
03:10
can make them easier to learn and remember.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Let's go through them first.
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๋จผ์ € ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
We have the present simple;
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
I eat chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค.
03:17
The present continuous;
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•;
03:19
I am eating chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
The present perfect;
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ;
03:23
I have eaten chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
The present perfect continuous;
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•;
03:28
I have been eating chocolate.
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์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Then we move on to the past simple;
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
I ate chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
The past continuous;
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์—ฐ์†;
03:38
I was eating chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
The past perfect;
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ;
03:42
I had eaten chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Whenever I say had,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:46
I can't help but go up.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
I had eaten. (laughs)
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
03:51
And the past perfect continuous;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•;
03:54
I had been eating chocolate.
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์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Oh, I just can't not do that.
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์˜ค, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Now, moving on to the future.
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์ด์ œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:00
We have the future simple;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
I will have a toothache
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04:04
after all this chocolate, just kidding.
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์ด ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ์น˜ํ†ต์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”, ๋†๋‹ด์ด์—์š”.
04:07
I will eat chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:09
The future continuous;
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
I will be eating chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:14
The future perfect;
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ;
04:16
I will have eaten chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:19
And the future perfect continuous;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•;
04:22
I will have been eating chocolate. (laughs)
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค . (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:26
Last group we have is conditionals.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
The conditional simple;
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ;
04:30
I would eat chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:31
The conditional continuous;
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์—ฐ์†;
04:34
I would be eating chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน๊ณ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
The conditional perfect;
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ;
04:38
I would have eaten chocolate.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
04:41
And finally, the conditional perfect continuous;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์™„์ „ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
I would have been eating chocolate.
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์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Can you see how many similarities there are
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04:49
between all of these tenses?
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:51
Now let's look a little more closely,
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:53
starting with the present tenses.
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.
04:56
The first tense that you learn in English
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
04:58
is usually the present simple,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•
05:01
and that's for good reason.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋งŒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
It's actually the tense that native speakers use
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด
05:05
in around 50% of their written and spoken communication.
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์„œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์•ฝ 50%์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:09
We do use the other present tenses quite often, too,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋„ ๊ฝค ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
05:12
so they are all really, really important.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
The present simple, I work on Tuesdays.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ํ™”์š”์ผ์— ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
This is used to talk about general statements,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ,
05:21
habits, and facts.
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์Šต๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
The present continuous;
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•;
05:24
I am working now.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
05:26
This is used to talk about actions
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ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:28
that are happening right now.
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.
05:30
The present perfect;
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ;
05:31
I have worked at a pub.
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ผํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
We use this to talk about past events or past actions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:37
that have present consequences.
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.
05:40
And the present perfect continuous;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•;
05:42
I have been working for three hours today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
This is used to talk about an action
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
05:47
that started in the past and continues to the present.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
Okay, the structure of the present simple;
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์ž, ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
like its name, it is fairly simple.
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์ด๋ฆ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
We have the subject plus the base form of a verb,
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06:01
except from in the third person singular,
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3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
and this always catches most students out
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
06:06
when they're relatively new to learning English.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์ผ ๋•Œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
In the third person singular, we add an S.
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3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” S๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
So for I, you, we, and they,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ I, you, we, and they,
06:14
it's, I work, we eat, they play, you do,
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it's, I work, we eat, they play, you do,
06:20
but the he, she, and it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ he, she, it,
06:21
it is, she works, he cleans, it smells.
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it is, she work , ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค.
06:26
Another exception is be,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋Š” be๋™์‚ฌ์ธ be์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:29
the verb to be.
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.
06:30
To be has its own forms in the present simple,
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์กด์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
I am., you are, he, She, it is, we are, they are.
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I am., you are, he, She, it is, we are, they are.
06:38
As I said before,
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์•ž์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
06:39
we use the present simple to talk about general statements,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ ,
06:43
facts, and habits.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
We also use it to talk about schedule events
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
06:47
like plane and train times.
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ • ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:52
I am a woman.
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๋‚œ ์—ฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
My name is Lucy.
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ฃจ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
This is a general statement or fact.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง„์ˆ  ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
Mary meets her friends on Friday evenings.
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Mary๋Š” ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์ €๋…์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
That's a habit.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์Šต๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
The train to London leaves at 8:00 PM.
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 8์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
That's a schedule event in the future.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ์ • ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
Our dog eats the cat's food,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š”๋ฐ
07:09
and that's habit.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์Šต๊ด€์ด์—์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ
07:10
Habit we're trying to conquer at the moment.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณตํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€ .
07:12
We don't know why he started doing it,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
07:13
but he has since we moved house. (laughs)
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์„ ์ด์‚ฌํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
07:16
I hope all of that's clear.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
There are lots more examples in the PDF,
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PDF์—๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:20
and there is a quiz for every tense.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
So please do download that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:24
The link is down below in the description box.
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๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
Right, let's move on to the present continuous.
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์ž, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:30
We use the present continuous to talk about things
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
07:32
that are happening at the moment of speaking,
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07:35
but be careful in general there is an exception
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
07:39
we can't use state verbs,
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07:42
words like hate, love, want, for example.
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์‹ซ์–ด, ์‚ฌ๋ž‘, ์›ํ•˜๋‹ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
There is an exception there,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:48
and I will mention it.
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์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
It's to do with slang.
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์†์–ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
The structure of the present continuous
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
07:54
is subject plus be plus verb-ing.
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์ฃผ์–ด+be+๋™์‚ฌ-ing์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
It writes subject plus be plus verb-ing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ be ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋™์‚ฌ-ing๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
You can use that.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Here are some examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:06
I am teaching English.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
They are baking cookies.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๊ตฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
We can also use this tense to talk about things
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:14
that we think are temporary.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
Compare these two sentences.
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:18
James lives in Manchester.
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์ œ์ž„์Šค๋Š” ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
James is living in Manchester.
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์ œ์ž„์Šค๋Š” ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
In the first sentence,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:24
I use the present simple
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08:25
because I think that his state is more or less permanent,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
08:28
but in the second sentence,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”
08:30
I use the present continuous
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08:32
because I think his situation might be temporary.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
He's living in Manchester now,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งจ์ฒด์Šคํ„ฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ 
08:36
but I don't know what might happen
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:38
in a few weeks or a month.
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
Perhaps he's studying there,
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:41
or he's working there for a short time.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Now you will hear native speakers
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์ด์ œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์ด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜
08:46
use state verbs in the present continuous in this form,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:50
or to show this meaning.
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์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
I am loving my christmas jumper right now.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ ํผ๋ฅผ โ€‹โ€‹์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
Love is a state verb.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
I'm not meant to use it,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์˜๋„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:59
but it means right now,
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, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ
09:01
a trend that I am enjoying
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๊ฐ€
09:03
is my christmas jumper, (laughs)
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๋‚˜์˜ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ ํผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
09:05
which I must say,
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09:07
I think this is a very nice christmas jumper.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ์ ํผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
I actually had another option today.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋…„์— ์ž…์—ˆ๋˜
09:12
It was between this one,
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:15
which have wore last year,
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09:16
but I got this one on a secondhand website,
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์ค‘๊ณ  ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜
09:18
very happy with myself.
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์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŒ์กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
Anyway, back to the tenses, (laughs)
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ (์›ƒ์Œ)
09:22
you'll also hear people say,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
09:23
oh no, I'm hating that song right now.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
It means it's a temporary state,
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์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ธ๋ฐ,
09:28
some reason right now I don't enjoy that song temporarily.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์™ ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ณก์„ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
09:32
I'm hating it.
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์‹ซ์–ด.
09:33
So when you hear teachers say,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ
09:34
never use a state verb in the present continuous
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์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
09:37
take that with a pinch of salt.
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.
09:39
We also use the present continuous
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
09:41
to talk about arrangements.
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๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
This means that we are planning to do something
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋ฉฐ
09:45
in the future,
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09:46
and it involves another person or business.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
Let me show you an example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
I am having my haircut on Tuesday.
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ํ™”์š”์ผ์— ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
Sarah is meeting her parents tomorrow.
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Sarah๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
They are plans, but they depend on someone else.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„ํš์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
Kate is studying business,
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Kate๋Š” ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:03
temporary situation happening now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
We are meeting our friend next Friday in Edinburgh,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ Edinburgh์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:10
arrangement involving someone else.
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.
10:12
We are driving home.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
We are doing this right now in the moment.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
It is snowing, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
it did actually snow the other day,
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์ €๋ฒˆ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ธ๊ณ 
10:20
it was magical,
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๋งˆ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:21
but enough about my weather, (laughs)
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์ œ ๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
10:24
let's move on to the present perfect.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:26
The structure of the present perfect
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
10:28
is subject plus has or have plus the past participle.
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ has ๋˜๋Š” have ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
10:33
There are three main ways
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:34
that we use the present perfect in English.
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.
10:36
The first is to talk about things
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
10:38
that started in the past and continue to the present.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
It's very important to remember
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10:43
that they are unfinished actions.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
When we talk about these events or states,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
10:48
we often mention how long they've been going on for
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
10:51
or when they started.
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๋˜๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
For example, I have lived in the UK all my life,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜
10:56
or she has been at university since 2020;
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 2020๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
William and I have been married for three months.
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William๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ 3๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
Oh, it's our three month anniversary nearly,
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์˜ค, ๊ฑฐ์˜ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๊ธฐ๋…์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
11:08
how exciting, (laughs)
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์ •๋ง ์‹ ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ) ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
11:10
the second way that we use the present perfect
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
11:12
is to talk about our experiences up to the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
When we do this,
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11:16
we don't talk about exactly when something happened.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
We are just generally telling somebody
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ
11:21
about our life experiences.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
For example, she has been to Canada three times.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ ๋‹ค๋…€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
We have met the queen.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์™•์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
I have read all of the Harry Potter books.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ ์ฑ…์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
Finally, we also use the present perfect
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”
11:35
to talk about past events and actions
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:37
that have consequences in the present.
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.
11:40
For example, I have eaten breakfast so I'm not hungry,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน์–ด์„œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:44
or Mike has lost his keys so he's going to be late for work.
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Mike๊ฐ€ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ์ง์žฅ์— ๋Šฆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
Let's move on to the last of the presents,
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ธ
11:50
the present perfect continuous.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:53
I've just realised,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
I looked like a present,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ 
11:55
and I'm talking about the present tenses.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์„ ๋ฌผํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:56
Maybe I should have just made a video
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:58
about the present tense this dresses present. (laughs)
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. (์›ƒ์Œ)
12:00
Now we use the present perfect continuous
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:03
to talk about something that's started in the past
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด
12:05
and continues to the present,
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
and that might sound very similar to the present perfect,
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜
12:11
but there are a few key differences.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
One big difference is the structure.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด
12:15
We use the structure subject plus has/have
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ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค has/have
12:20
plus been plus verb-ing.
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ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค been ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋™์‚ฌ-ing ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
I have been eating chocolate as we discussed before.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
Now with the present perfect continuous,
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜,
12:30
we often use it to talk about things
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข…
12:32
that we have been doing uninterrupted that haven't finished.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‹จ ์—†์ด ํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
We use this tense to emphasise
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:38
how long something has been happening.
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.
12:41
For example, I've been watching that TV show for weeks.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ TV ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
I'm emphasising how long I have been watching the TV show,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ TV ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€,
12:50
or Ellen has been replying to emails for two hours already.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด Ellen์ด ์ด๋ฏธ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
12:54
We use it to talk about things
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์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:56
that have been done recently or lately.
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.
12:59
For example, look, it's been snowing,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ๋ˆˆ์ด ์™”์–ด์š”. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—
13:02
or I've been practising my football skills
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์ถ•๊ตฌ ์—ฐ์Šต์„
13:05
a lot recently. (laughs)
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๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
13:07
That's such a lie.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง.
13:08
Remember we generally
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
13:10
don't use the present perfect continuous
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
13:12
to talk about states.
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13:13
You wouldn't say I have been belonging to a band
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐด๋“œ์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:16
for a long time.
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.
13:18
You would say, I have belonged to a band for a long time.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐด๋“œ์— ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:21
Some more examples,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
13:23
they've been trying to call you all day,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:26
or she hasn't been feeling well lately.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ชธ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
Okay, we made it through the present tenses.
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:32
Let's move on to the past tenses.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:33
We'll have a quick overview,
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๊ฐ„๋žตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ
13:35
and then we'll go into more detail.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
We have the past simple.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
I worked abroad last summer,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:41
that talks about past finished actions.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
We have the past continuous.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
I was working at 2:00 PM yesterday,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ์— ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:48
that describes a continuing action
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์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:50
at some point in the past.
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.
13:52
We have the past perfect.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
I had worked there for two years before I got my promotion.
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์Šน์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
That's used to describe past actions
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:00
that happened before another past action or time.
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.
14:04
And we have the past perfect continuous.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์Šน์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€
14:07
I had been working there for two years
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2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:09
before I finally got my promotion.
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.
14:12
Very similar to the previous one,
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์ด์ „ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌ
14:13
but we'll go into more detail.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
We use the past perfect continuous
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:17
to talk about past actions
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14:19
that continued to a past point in time.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
Let's start with the past simple,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
14:24
this one is nice and easy.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
It's the second most common tense that English speakers use.
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์˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
We use it to talk about events
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14:30
that happened before the present moment.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์  ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
These must be finished events or actions,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜๋ฌด ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:35
and we often say when they happened,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:38
although that's not obligatory.
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.
14:40
The structure is the subject plus regular verb-ed.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
However, lots and lots of verbs are irregular,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ
14:49
and I do actually have a video
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์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:52
on some of the most common irregular verbs
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:55
that could be really useful.
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.
14:56
So I will leave that link down in the description box.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
An example, I went to bed at 10:00 PM last night,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์–ด์ œ ๋ฐค 10์‹œ์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ
15:03
or Dennis ate a box of chocolates for breakfast.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ Dennis๊ฐ€ ์•„์นจ ์‹์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ํ•œ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
Live your life, Dennis.
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๋„ค ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์‚ด์•„, ๋ฐ๋‹ˆ์Šค.
15:08
That sounds like my kind of breakfast. (laughs)
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์˜ ์•„์นจ ์‹์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:11
Another example, my husband bought me flowers last week,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋‚จํŽธ์ด ๊ฝƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์คฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:16
are not true though.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
Not true; maybe next week. (laughs)
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹ค์Œ์ฃผ. (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:20
Okay, let's move on to the past continuous.
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์ž, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:23
The structure of this tense
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
15:24
is subject plus was or where plus verb-ing.
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ was ๋˜๋Š” where ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋™์‚ฌ-ing์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
We can use this tense to talk about actions or states.
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
One way in which we use the past continuous
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
15:36
is to say what was happening
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15:38
at a specific moment in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
For example, Tom was cooking dinner at 7:00 PM yesterday.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด Tom์€ ์–ด์ œ ์˜คํ›„ 7์‹œ์— ์ €๋…์„ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:44
We can also use it
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๋˜ํ•œ
15:45
to give background information about something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
For example, Will was speaking to me
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋…นํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ Will์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
15:50
whilst I was trying to record a video,
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15:53
or it was snowing when I went outside.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
We also use it to say that an ongoing action
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด
16:00
was interrupted by another action.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
In this case,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
16:03
it's usually paired with another clause in the past simple.
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์Œ์„ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
We were eating dinner when he arrived.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
We were eating dinner over this long period of time,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
16:12
and he arrived right then,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ Ben์ด ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
16:14
or they were chatting about their holiday
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํœด๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:17
when Ben called them.
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.
16:19
Let's move on to the past perfect.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:21
The past perfect tense is used to talk about events
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
16:24
that happened before another event
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ์ด์ „
16:26
or up to a certain time in the past.
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์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
Again, it is often used with the past simple.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
The structure is as follows,
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16:35
subject plus had plus past participle,
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์ฃผ์–ด+had+๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ๋ฐ
16:40
and if you don't do that when you say had,
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had๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•ˆํ•˜๋ฉด
16:44
you're not my student.
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์ œ ์ œ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
When I arrived at the bus stop,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฅ˜์žฅ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
16:50
the bus had already left, already happened,
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๋ฒ„์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
16:54
or you had travelled to 10 countries
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16:57
before your second birthday,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒ์ผ ์ „์— 10๊ฐœ๊ตญ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
16:59
or she had worked at the company for five years
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ
17:03
before it closed,
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์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
17:04
or we had already eaten dinner
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๊ธฐ
17:06
so we weren't hungry when dinner was served.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:09
Finally, let's discuss the past perfect continuous.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
The structure is subject plus had been plus verb-ing.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ was been plus ๋™์‚ฌ-ing์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
Now the past perfect and the past perfect continuous,
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ธ
17:23
what a mouthful,
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What a mouthful์€ ์˜์–ด ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด
17:24
are often used interchangeably by native English speakers.
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์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:29
There's no difference in overall meaning.
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์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
Take a look at these two sentences;
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
17:33
there's no real difference in overall meaning.
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์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
I had worked there for five years when the company closed,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
17:40
or I had been working there for five years
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17:43
when the company closed.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
No real difference, we can say either.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
However, you should use the continuous form
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
17:50
in these two situations.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
If you are talking about an action in the past
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17:55
that continued up to a certain time and continued after it,
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ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๊ณ„์†๋œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
17:59
or if you're talking about a repeated action
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๋˜๋Š”
18:01
that happened in the past up to a certain point.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ.
18:04
Let's take a look at some examples.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
They had been walking for hours
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธธ์„
18:08
before they decided that they were lost,
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์žƒ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ
18:11
or the orchestra had been practising for months
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
18:15
before the concert happened.
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์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์˜ค์ผ€์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
In the words of Bon Jovi,
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Bon Jovi์˜ ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
18:18
I think we're living on a prayer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
18:20
because we are officially halfway there.
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๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†
18:22
It's time to move on.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
If you're still here,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
18:24
you're doing really well, really, really well.
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์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ณ , ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‹ค.
18:27
Let's have a quick overview of the future tenses.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
We use them to talk about events after the present moment.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
We have the future simple.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:35
I will work in the summer.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
18:36
This is used to talk about events or actions
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
18:39
that we believe will happen in the future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
We're nearly certain.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
We have the future continuous.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
I will be working at two o'clock tomorrow.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ 2์‹œ์— ์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
18:47
We use this for actions at a specific moment in the future.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
We have the future perfect.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
I will have worked there for two years on Sunday.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:56
We use this to talk about an event or an action
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
18:59
that is planned or expected to happen
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19:01
before a certain time in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
And we have the future perfect continuous.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:07
I will have been working there for two years on Sunday.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์š”์ผ์— ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:10
Very similar to the last,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:12
we'll talked about that.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
We use this to talk about an action that will continue
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19:16
up to a certain point in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋  ๋™์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
Let's take a closer look now.
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์ด์ œ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:20
The future simple,
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ 
19:21
the easiest way to talk about the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:23
The structure is subject plus will
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์˜์ง€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค
19:26
plus base form of the verb.
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
19:28
We can use it to talk about things
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์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:30
that we think will happen in the future.
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.
19:32
I think it will rain tomorrow.
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๋‚ด์ผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
19:34
I'm sure you'll love this book.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:36
We can also use it to make offers or promises.
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์ œ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
I'll help you carry those boxes.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€์ค„๊ฒŒ.
19:41
Richard will call you tomorrow.
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Richard๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:43
And finally, we can use it to talk about facts
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:46
in the future.
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. ๋‚ด๋…„์ด
19:47
It will be our first wedding anniversary next year,
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ 1 ์ฃผ๋…„์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
19:50
or our house will be 300 years old soon.
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๊ณง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์ด 300๋…„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ ์ด๋‹ค.
19:54
Let's move on to the future continuous.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์ž.
19:57
The structure is subject plus will be plus verb-ing.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค will be plus ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
This tense is used to talk about actions
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ์ง„ํ–‰๋  ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:06
that will be in progress at a certain point in time.
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.
20:09
These actions will start and end in the future,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
20:13
but we don't know when.
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์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
I will be eating dinner at 8:00 PM tomorrow.
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๋‚ด์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 8์‹œ์— ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:17
I don't know when I'll finish.
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์–ธ์ œ ๋๋‚ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
20:18
It also indicates that an action will be carried out
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด
20:21
over a period of time,
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20:23
not simply in an instant.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:25
I'll be playing tennis tomorrow.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
20:27
That will be a considerable amount of time,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
20:30
maybe 30 minutes to an hour,
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30๋ถ„์—์„œ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:31
not just a second.
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.
20:33
We also have the future perfect.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:35
We use the future perfect to talk about actions or states
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์  ์ด์ „์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋  ๋™์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:38
that will be completed
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20:40
before a certain point of time in the future.
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.
20:42
We often use time clauses with the future perfect,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… by๋‚˜ when I'm I'm๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:45
like by or when I'm older.
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.
20:48
I'll show you lots of examples,
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๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
20:50
but first the structure,
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๋จผ์ € ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ธ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
20:52
subject plus will have plus past participle.
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๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:57
Some examples, I will have retired by the time I'm 65.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” 65์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์€ํ‡ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:02
We're using by there to show that final point,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ง€์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
21:06
or you will have finished the popcorn
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21:08
before the film starts,
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์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํŒ์ฝ˜์„ ๋‹ค ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
21:10
or come over at 9:00 PM,
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, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด ์˜คํ›„ 9์‹œ์— ์˜ค์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:12
my parents will have left by then. (laughs)
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๊ทธ๋•Œ์ฏค ๋– ๋‚ฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
21:16
Finally, we have the future perfect continuous.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:19
This tense describes actions that will be continuing
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
21:22
at a certain point in the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†๋  ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:24
When you use this tense,
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—
21:25
you're thinking about the duration of that action
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:28
up to a certain point in time.
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.
21:30
The structure is subject
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด
21:33
plus will have been plus verb-ing.
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๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ will have been plus ๋™์‚ฌ-ing์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:37
She will have been living in Cardiff
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
21:39
for three months in August,
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8์›”์— ์นด๋””ํ”„์—์„œ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
21:41
or when I retire next month,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์— ์€ํ‡ดํ•  ๋•Œ
21:43
I will have been working here for three years.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:47
Like with most other continuous tenses,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
21:49
we don't usually use state verbs.
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์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:52
It should be,
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21:53
I will have had my cat for five years this Christmas,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค์— ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ‚ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด
21:56
rather than I will have been having my cat
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
21:59
for five years this Christmas.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค์— ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ‚ค์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:00
You also can't use the future perfect continuous
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22:03
to talk about finished actions.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:05
You just have to use the future perfect instead.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:08
Finally, the last four tenses
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
22:10
are the conditional tenses,
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์‹œ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ,
22:13
and I do actually have a full video on these tenses,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:17
which I will leave in the description box,
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์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
22:19
but I'd like to go over them briefly today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:22
We use these tenses to talk about hypothetical situations
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ
22:26
or an event that depends on another event or state.
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์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:29
These conditional tenses
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
22:31
often form part of conditional sentences,
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์ข…์ข… ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑ
22:33
but they don't always have to.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:35
Let's have a brief overview.
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๊ฐ„๋žตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:36
We have the conditional simple.
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:38
I would work abroad if I could.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:41
We use this to talk about hypothetical actions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:43
in the present.
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.
22:44
We have the conditional continuous.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์—ฐ์†์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:46
I would be working abroad now if I wasn't stuck here.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
22:50
We use this to talk about hypothetical continuous actions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:54
in the present.
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22:54
We have the conditional perfect.
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.
์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:56
I would have worked abroad last year,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ
22:58
but I didn't get my visa.
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๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:00
We use this to talk about hypothetical actions in the past,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
23:04
and we have the conditional perfect continuous.
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ์ผ์ฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
23:07
I would have been working here for longer
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ผํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:09
if I had got my visa earlier.
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.
23:12
We use this to talk about hypothetical actions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
23:14
that started in the past and continued.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ๊ณ„์†๋œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:17
It's formed with the subject
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด
23:19
plus would plus the base form of the verb.
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๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ would ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:23
I would travel in first class.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ฑ์„์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
23:25
She would walk to work.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ์ถœ๊ทผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:27
Now, these sentences don't really have a lot of meaning
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์ž, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ
23:30
on their own.
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23:30
So they usually coupled with another idea.
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์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:33
I would travel in first class if I won the lottery,
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๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋“ฑ์„์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ,
23:37
or she would walk to work if she lived closer.
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์‚ด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ ์ถœ๊ทผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:41
Would can be replaced with, could, should, or might,
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would๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค, ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค, ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜
23:45
but this does change the meaning.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:47
I am currently considering creating another video
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
23:50
on modal verbs.
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.
23:51
There's one from years ago,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
23:52
but I feel it needs updating.
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์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:55
If you'd like a lesson on modal verbs,
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๋ชจ๋‹ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜
23:57
let me know in the comment section down below.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
23:59
If I see enough of you,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
24:00
then I'll know it's worth making.
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๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:02
Some examples, ge could get a dog if he wanted.
535
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ge๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:05
You should see a doctor.
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๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ผญ ๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒํ•œ๋‹ค.
24:07
I might go to the beach tomorrow.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ๊ฐˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
24:09
Let's take a look at the conditional continuous.
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์—ฐ์†์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:12
When we use the conditional continuous,
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์ž‘์—…์˜
24:13
we put the focus on the duration of a hypothetical action.
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์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
24:18
This means that we use this tense
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
24:19
to talk about a longer action when we want to emphasise,
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๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ
24:23
or we want people to focus on how long an action would take.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ–‰๋™์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด์ง€์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋” ๊ธด ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:27
The structure is subject
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด
24:29
plus would be plus verb-ing.
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ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:33
It expresses an unfinished
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๋ฏธ์™„์„ฑ
24:35
or continuing hypothetical action.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:38
An action which is the probable result
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24:41
of an unreal condition.
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๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ํ–‰๋™.
24:43
It's easier if I just show you examples.
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์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:45
It can sound a little grammary. (laughs)
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
24:49
Grammary is not a word,
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:51
don't use that.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
24:52
Actually, I think that's quite good.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฝค ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:54
If we hear a grammatical explanation that we don't like,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
24:57
I think we should call it grammary.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:59
I think it's quite fun.
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๊ฝค ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
25:00
Nope, that's way too grammary for me. (laughs)
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
25:03
I would be writing emails if I was at work,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
25:06
but I'm not at work,
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์ผ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ
25:07
so I'm not writing emails.
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์•ˆ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์ด ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
25:08
He would be walking his dog right now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ
25:11
if he hadn't broken his ankle,
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25:13
but he has broken his ankle, so he's not.
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๋ฐœ๋ชฉ์ด ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
25:15
You can use could, should, and might in these sentences,
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could, should, might๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
25:18
but again, it changes the meaning.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:21
You should be unpacking the shopping I just bought,
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์‚ฐ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ’€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
25:24
or I could be sitting on a beach in Jamaica right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด์˜ ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:27
Now let's take a quick look at the conditional perfect.
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์ด์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
25:31
When we want to change the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
25:33
we use the conditional perfect tense.
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:35
Of course, we can't really change the past,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ
25:37
so this is hypothetical.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:39
We talk about what we would have done.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:41
The structure is subject
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค
25:44
plus would have plus past participle.
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would have plus ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:47
I would have told John not to come.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์กด์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
25:50
I would have bought that house,
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง‘์„ ์ƒ€์„
25:52
but I couldn't afford it at the time.
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ํ…๋ฐ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ด ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
25:54
She would have cooked a bigger meal,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋” ํฐ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ,
25:56
but she didn't know you were coming.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:58
Again, You can replace it with could, should, or might.
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๋‹ค์‹œ, could, should ๋˜๋Š” might๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:00
I could have bought that house, but I didn't.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
26:04
You should have told me,
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26:06
we could have gone if we'd known about it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:08
They might have said,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„
26:10
but I can't remember.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:11
Finally, the last tense that brings us to tense 16.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ œ 16์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:16
It is the conditional perfect continuous.
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:19
We use it to talk about the hypothetical results
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26:22
of an action that started in the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ํ–‰๋™์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:25
We use the continuous tense to focus on the duration.
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์ง€์† ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:28
As I said before,
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์ด์ „์— ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ๋งํฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ
26:29
we look at conditional grammar
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:30
in way more detail in my conditionals video,
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26:33
which I have linked in the description box.
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.
26:36
But just as a brief overview,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
26:38
the structure is subject plus would have been plus verb-ing.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:43
I would have been wearing my red dress if I had washed it.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋นจ์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
26:47
He would have been working in Dubai
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26:49
if he hadn't taken the job in London.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‘๋ฐ”์ด์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:52
Again, you can use it with could, should, and might.
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๋‹ค์‹œ, could, should, might์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:54
You should have been feeling better yesterday.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์•„์กŒ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
26:57
She could have been living in Japan
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์–ดํ•™ ์ฝ”์Šค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:59
if she had taken that language course at university.
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.
27:02
Right, that is it for today's lesson.
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๋งž์•„์š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 16๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ
27:05
I can't believe we've covered the 16 tenses, that's amazing.
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๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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