Also, Too, So, As well | Either, Neither | Adverbs | English Grammar Lesson - B1-Intermediate

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2024-11-15 ใƒป Anglo-Link


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Also, Too, So, As well | Either, Neither | Adverbs | English Grammar Lesson - B1-Intermediate

1,660 views ใƒป 2024-11-15

Anglo-Link


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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[Music]
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[์Œ์•…]
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Hello and welcome everyone to today's presentationย  where we're going to be looking at a question fromย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ Yousef์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:12
Yousef. Let's see what Yousef is asking me.ย  There's his question: Can we use 'also' in aย ย 
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. Yousef๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— '๋˜ํ•œ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”
00:20
negative sentence? For example, say, let's sayย  in a situation: He doesn't have a car. I alsoย ย 
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? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋„
00:29
don't have a car. The short answer is: No. Now,ย  let's, we have to look at why, and in order toย ย 
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์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”. ์งง์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ
00:37
look at why and what we can use instead, we needย  to look at a group of words which include: also,ย ย 
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์ด์œ ์™€ ๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
too, as well, so, either, neither, and nor. So,ย  let's start with these four words: also, too,ย ย 
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, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ,ย  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋„ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด,
00:58
as well, and so. We can only use these words withย  affirmative, with positive sentences, or positiveย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ, ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ธ์ •, ๊ธ์ •์  ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ๊ธ์ •์ 
01:08
situations. For example, if we say: Jenny likesย  vegetables. 'likes' is a positive verb, we can useย ย 
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์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, Jenny๋Š” ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '์ข‹์•„์š”'๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:17
'also'. We can say: I also like vegetables. Noticeย  that 'also' goes before the verb. We can say:ย ย 
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'๋˜ํ•œ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ €๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋˜ํ•œ'์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
I like vegetables as well. So, at the end of theย  sentence. We can shorten to the auxiliary and say:ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์•ผ์ฑ„๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์—. ๋ณด์กฐ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:34
I do as well. We can use 'too'. Again, 'two'ย  goes at the end of the sentence, not like 'also',ย ย 
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.ย ย  ๋‚˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋„ˆ๋ฌด'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'two'๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ' also'์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:42
which is in the middle: I like vegetables too. Weย  can use only the auxiliary: I do too. And, we canย ย 
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. ์ €๋Š” ์•ผ์ฑ„๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:50
shorten it even further to just: Me too. A veryย  important point and a very common mistake I hearย ย 
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๋” ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ '๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด์ž ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ
01:58
from a lot of you is also saying things like: Meย  also, or Me as well. You must avoid this. The onlyย ย 
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ, ๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ
02:06
word that combines with 'me' in a situation likeย  this is 'too'. That's your only possibility: Meย ย 
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์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ '๋‚˜'์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” '๋„ˆ๋ฌด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
too. You can use 'also' and 'as well' but in theย  other structures that we have looked at. We canย ย 
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๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋˜ํ•œ'๊ณผ '๋˜ํ•œ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•ž์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
also use 'so' in this positive situation, but thenย  you need an inversion. 'so' comes at the beginningย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” 'so'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜์ „์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'so'๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์˜ค๋ฉด
02:31
of the sentence, and then you need to find theย  auxiliary and invert: So do I. This is all - Theseย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ฐ˜์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . So do I. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด
02:40
four words are the words you can use with positiveย  or affirmative sentences, not with negative. So,ย ย 
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๋„ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:49
what can we do with negative sentences? We goย  to these words: either, neither and nor. Just aย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
little pronunciation point: You can also pronounceย  these first two as /either/ and /neither/.ย ย 
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ: ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ /either/ ๋ฐ /neither/๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
/either/ and /neither/ are very common in Americanย  English and in some accents in British English,ย ย 
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/either/ ๋ฐ /neither/๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์™€ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์•…์„ผํŠธ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:12
but in standard British English. it's /either/ย  and Neither/. So now looking at the grammar partย ย 
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ํ‘œ์ค€ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. /either/ ๋ฐ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค/๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
03:19
part of this, we use these three with negativeย  ideas or sentences. So, if our original sentenceย ย 
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์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด
03:27
is now negative: Jenny doesn't like vegetables,ย  and I don't don't like vegetables either. Youย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด Jenny๋Š” ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋„ ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ย ย  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
03:37
must avoid saying: I don't like vegetables too, orย  I don't like vegetables as well, or I also don'tย ย 
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋„ ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค, ๋˜๋Š” ์•ผ์ฑ„๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค, ๋˜๋Š”
03:46
like vegetables. Those words must not combine withย  a negative verb like 'don't like'. You can againย ย 
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์•ผ์ฑ„๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” 'do n't like'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ • ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
03:55
just shorten the whole sentence to the auxiliary:ย  I don't either. Now, if we remove the 'not' wordย ย 
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์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ค„์—ฌ๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'not' ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œ
04:05
from the sentence and go to the shortest formย  which is 'me', 'either' changes to 'neither'. So,ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ธ 'me'๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด 'either'๊ฐ€ 'neighbor'๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ,
04:12
that negative 'don't' that has disappeared appearsย  as the little 'n' that's attached now to 'either':ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ 'ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”'๋Š” ์ด์ œ 'either'์— ๋ถ™์€ ์ž‘์€ 'n'์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:20
Me neither. And, if you use the invertedย  form, the equivalent of 'So do I.',ย ย 
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.ย ย  Me also. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , 'So do I.'์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ „๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
04:27
again we use the negative word 'neither'. Andย  now, we can also use 'nor'. 'neither' and 'nor'ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ 'neither'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ 'nor'๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'neither'์™€ 'nor'๋Š”
04:35
are both possible in the inverted form: Neither doย  I. or Nor do I. Now, I do have a little note hereย ย 
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ˜์ „๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Nor do I. ๋˜๋Š” Nor do I. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:46
for you. Remember that if you just shorten yourย  sentence and don't want to repeat the whole thingย ย 
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. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์งง๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
04:54
and just use the auxiliary, the auxiliary changesย  according to the tense obviously. So for example,ย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
05:02
if we had the positive sentence in the past: Jennyย  ate a lot of meat, then you have to use 'did': Iย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ Jenny๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'did'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I
05:10
did too. If you use 'so' for the inversion: So didย  I. In the negative, it's the same thing. Let's sayย ย 
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did too. ๋„์น˜์— 'so'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: So did I. ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'to be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ
05:18
we use the 'going to' tense, which is formulatedย  with the verb 'to be': Jenny isn't going to eatย ย 
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๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ 'going to' ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Jenny๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
05:26
any salmon, and me neither. Easy. But: Neither /ย  Nor am I, because we have to follow the tense, toย ย 
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๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‰ฌ์šด. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ: ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค / ๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:35
use the same auxiliary. Right, 'either ... or' andย  'neither ... nor' are double word conjunctions,ย ย 
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. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, 'either ... or'์™€ 'neither ... nor'๋Š” ์ด์ค‘ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
05:44
and they are the opposite of 'both ... and'.ย  So for example, if someone says: Can I haveย ย 
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'both ... and'์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด:
05:51
both cake and ice cream? You have two possibleย  answers: No, you can have either cake or orย ย 
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์ผ€์ดํฌ์™€ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋“œ์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:59
ice cream. So it's a choice between the two. Or:ย  No, you can have neither cake nor ice cream. Youย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋“œ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
remove both choices. And these words 'either andย  neither', they can also appear on their own. So,ย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์ด๋“  ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ,
06:21
if someone says: You can have either a pear orย  a banana. Which one do you prefer? You can say:ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์–ด๋„ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด . ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:29
I don't mind. Either will do. You can completeย  your sentence by saying: Either of them willย ย 
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.ย ย  ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„
06:37
do. Or with 'neither' it's the same: I don'tย  like either of them. I don't like either. And:ย ย 
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๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '๋‘˜ ๋‹ค'๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋„ ์‹ซ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ :
06:44
I like neither of them. I like neither.ย  So I think these are all the usages ofย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
06:52
the words 'either' and 'neither' to complete theย  picture. But I'd like to mention one more thing,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'either'์™€ 'neighbor'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ „๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ 
07:01
and it is that in a dialogue, if you don't want toย  think about 'oh, um... Is it a negative sentence,ย ย 
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์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ '์•„, ์Œ... ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”,
07:08
a positive sentence, or what's the auxiliary?ย  There's a lot to think about when you want toย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ณด์กฐ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ญ์ฃ ?ย  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
use these structures, and sometimes, okay you haveย  the the flow, and it comes out naturally becauseย ย 
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
you've been practicing; sometimes it's just tooย  much to think about these aspects in a dialogue,ย ย 
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. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
there is one expression that you can use everyย  time, with the positive, with the negative, andย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹œ์ œ์™€
07:34
in any tense. I don't know if you can guess whatย  that expression is. So, someone says: I don't likeย ย 
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๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ๋งค๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:41
salmon. I love meat. And you can just say: 'Sameย  here.' That's a shortcut for all of that. So,ย ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
07:54
if you're in doubt, use this expression. Becauseย  if we look at for example: I've eaten too much,ย ย 
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์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šฐ๋ฉด ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:01
we have two aspects to think about: first,ย  it's positive, so we can use 'too' or 'so',ย ย 
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '๋„ˆ๋ฌด' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:07
and secondly, what's the auxiliary? Whatย  tense is this? Ah, it's Present Perfect. So,ย ย 
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๋‘˜์งธ ๋ณด์กฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„, ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
08:12
I have to say: I have too. or So have I.ย  But, if it's just getting too much, just say:ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด์š”. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:19
Same here. I've eaten too much. Same here. Andย  it works with the negative too. For example:ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค๊ฑฐํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
08:25
I won't be able to have dessert. Again, you haveย  to think: Okay, 'won't be able': negative. I needย ย 
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๋””์ €ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค': ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
to use 'neither': Me neither. Or now I have toย  invert. Oh okay, what's the tense? Oh, Future. So,ย ย 
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'๋‘˜ ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ˜์ „์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
08:39
the auxiliary: Neither will I. or Nor will I.ย  There's a lot involved. I mean it's a great mentalย ย 
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๋ณด์กฐ์ž: ๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ง์€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ •์‹ 
08:45
exercise. Do it, but if you're not in the moodย  for it, just go: Same here. That's your shortcut,ย ย 
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์šด๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๋ฆ„๊ธธ
08:54
but the last thing: Make sure you don't useย  'same here' to reciprocate a sentiment. So,ย ย 
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋ณด๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด '์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ,
09:03
let's look at this sentence: I'm lookingย  forward to our chat. Now, you can say 'sameย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ '์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:08
here'. It means: I'm looking forward to our chatย  too. Me too. That's fine. But, if someone says:ย ย 
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. ์ฆ‰, ๋‚˜๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฑ„ํŒ…์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ €๋„์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:16
I'm looking forward to seeing you, now you want toย  reciprocate. If you say 'same here', what you'reย ย 
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๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด,
09:22
saying is that I'm looking forward to seeingย  myself too! because it means 'I'm doing exactlyย ย 
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์ € ์—ญ์‹œ ์ œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ! ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด '๋‚˜๋„
09:29
the same as you.' So, be careful. That wouldย  not be appropriate, and we need to use anotherย ย 
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๋„ˆ์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
09:35
expression when it's reciprocal, when it's notย  just parallel, but reciprocal. Again, maybe youย ย 
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์ƒํ˜ธ์ ์ผ ๋•Œ, ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ‰ํ–‰์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„
09:43
can guess what this expression is. I hope you'veย  guessed it. It's: likewise. So, let's go again:ย ย 
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์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€: ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย ย  ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ
09:52
If it's: I'm looking forward to our chat, and youย  are also looking forward to the chat, you can say:ย ย 
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: ๋‚˜๋„ ์ฑ„ํŒ…์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ท€ํ•˜ ๋„ย  ์ฑ„ํŒ…์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:58
Same here. / Me too. / So do I. etc. But, ifย  it's: I'm looking forward to seeing you, and youย ย 
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.ย ย  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. / ์ €๋„์š”. / ๋‚˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ๋„
10:05
want to reciprocate, to return the compliment, theย  sentiment, you have to use 'likewise' because nowย ย 
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๋ณด๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ  ์นญ์ฐฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋ณด๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'likewise'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
10:12
you mean: I'm looking forward to seeing you tooย  or as well. Okay, that's the end of this lessonย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„
10:21
on these words I hope it's helped to clarifyย  the usage. I hope you've enjoyed this lesson.ย ย 
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๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
For more on this topic, click here. Rememberย  to also check out my complete online course,ย ย 
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋„ ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ ,
10:35
and don't forget to like and subscribe.ย  Thank you for watching, and happy studies!
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์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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