Learn English with Sarah - English Learning Collection for Spring

hello students welcome back to the English  Danny Channel I am teacher Sarah and today we're  

going to learn how to use adjectives in English  speaking and writing if you liked this video and  

want to see more like it click the red subscribe  button below let's begin what is an adjective an  

adjective is a word that is used to describe or  tell more about nouns and pronouns adjectives  

help us to express our ideas and opinions with  greater complexity let's consider two examples  

here is a sentence without the magic tip I live  in a house now let's try adding some adjectives  

to give us more information about our noun house  here is the same sentence with one adjective I  

live in a small house and with two adjectives I  live in a small old house and finally with three  

adjectives I live in a small old blue house let's  look at one more example here is another sentence  

without adjectives I like movies okay now I know  you like movies but we can be more specific by  

adding just a few adjectives with one adjective  I like new movies with two adjectives I like new  

exciting movies and with three adjectives I like  new exciting action movies you can even add more  

adding adjectives helps the person you are talking  to better understand you and what you are talking  

about adjectives can be split into many categories  like shape words like square round and circular  

color words like red orange and yellow and H  words like old new today let's look deeper at  

three categories of adjectives size quantity and  quality there are many many adjectives that can be  

used in each of these categories the ones we will  learn today are some of the most come first let's  

talk about size size is one of the most commonly  used types of adjectives these adjectives are  

mainly useful for describing physical things two  of the most well known size adjectives are big  

and small but there are many many ways to express  just how big or how small something is let's take  

a look at this chart that shows size adjectives in  order from small to big on the Left we see a word  

for something very very small miniature often  in English we shortened this word to mini for  

example the boy looks like a miniature version of  his father or the boy looks like a mini version of  

his father next is the word tiny something tiny is  very small in a sentence we can use the adjective  

tiny like this look at those tiny ants or did  you see the tiny puppy over there the word tiny  

implies that something is smaller than usual or  expected after tiny we see the word small which  

can be used in any situation in which you want to  express that something is less than a normal size  

for example she's a small girl or my phone is  so small there are also adjectives we can use  

to express that something is neither bigger nor  smaller than expected but is a normal size the  

adjectives in the middle of the chart can be used  interchangeably normal sized average-sized and  

medium-sized we'd use these terms in a sentence  like this I want to buy a normal-sized table not  

too small or too big I have an average-sized  apartment it's a medium-sized car on the right  

side of the table we first have the words big and  large these two words are very common and can be  

used to express that something is greater than a  normal size for example this is a big classroom  

or that's a large tree after big enlarge we  have the word huge this adjective is used  

to describe something very big or bigger than  expected for example that building is huge or  

this is a huge meal even bigger than huge are the  adjectives gigantic and enormous these adjectives  

are used for things that are extremely big  here are a few ways we can use these words  

Tokyo is a gigantic city China has an enormous  population next let's take a look at quantity  

adjectives these adjectives tell us how much of  something there is it is important to note that  

the quantity adjectives we use depends on the nap  if it is a noun or person place or thing that can  

be counted in numbers it is called a countable now  these are words like car house and Frank these are  

all things we can count for instance I can count  five cars four houses ten friends and so on if  

it is a noun that cannot be counted it is called  an uncountable noun these are words like stress  

and rain I cannot count rain or stress I cannot  say there are ten rains or I have thirty five  

stresses therefore these words are uncountable  nouns let's take a look at the following chart  

of quantity adjectives blue should only be used  with uncountable nouns red words should only be  

used with countable nouns and black words can be  used with any noun as you'll see in the top right  

corner of the charts first we see the adjective  phrase a little just like the word little means  

small a little means there is a small amount of  something a little can be used with uncountable  

nouns for example I'm a little stressed and I have  a little water in my shoes next we see the terms  

few and a few it is important to note that few  and a few can only be used with countable nouns  

a few implies that there is not much of something  for example there are few cars on the road today  

and we only have a few carrots in the middle  is the adjective some this is an adjective that  

implies that there is a medium or average amount  of something some can also be used with any type  

of noun here are some examples will you get some  snacks from the store let's listen to some music  

while we study many is the next adjective and  like few and a few many can only be used with  

countable nouns remember countable nouns are  things you can count with numbers let's look at  

a few examples I don't have many books at home she  has many classes this semester the final quantity  

adjectives we'll talk about today is a lot of or  lots of these terms can be used with any type of  

noun and in many different ways let's consider  three examples she has a lot of shoes there are  

lots of restaurants near my house there's a  lot of snow on the sidewalk last in today's  

lesson our adjectives that describe the quality of  something quality is how good or bad something is  

these adjectives are extremely useful and are used  to describe opinions physical things emotions and  

more let's take a look at our third chart for some  of the most common quality adjectives on the Left  

we see adjectives used to describe things that  are bad or that we dislike let's begin with the  

adjectives terrible and horrible these words are  used to talk about things that are really really  

bad let's see the words in a sentence that was  a terrible movie I had a horrible flight awful  

is another word used to describe things that  are really bad for instance I have an awful  

headache that song is awful bad can be used in  any situation if you want to express dislike or  

low quality bad can be used anytime without  sounding as serious as words like awful and  

horrible for instance I had a bad day this is not  as serious as I had a horrible day but still means  

it was not good in the middle of the chart we see  the neutral adjectives okay fine and decent these  

words mean that something is not good and not  bad just in the middle let's see it in context  

the pizza was okay the class was fine he's a  decent singer next on the right we see words  

to describe things that are better than okay good  great wonderful and amazing good is like the word  

bad it can be used in any situation and expresses  like or good quality it is not so serious for  

example I had a good day is as serious as I had an  amazing day great means something is better than  

good for example this is great soup words like  wonderful and amazing are used to describe things  

that are really really good for example she is  a wonderful teacher or I had an amazing vacation  

well students that concludes today's lesson on  expanding your use of adjectives remember using  

more and different types of adjectives can help  you better express yourself and can help others  

better understand what you mean if you enjoyed  the lesson please consider liking subscribing and  

sharing this video see you next time sink sink  Z Z the way we pronounce th has a big impact on  

how well we are understood today let's take a  closer look at how to produce the 2 th sounds

welcome back to the English DNA channel  everyone I'm teacher Sarah today we're  

going to learn how to make the 2 th  sounds the unvoiced th and the voiced th

first let's consider the terms voiced and unvoiced  what does it mean to use your voice take your hand  

and place it on your throat like this now say the  letter X you'll notice that there is no vibration  

in your vocal chords now let's put our hands on  our throats again and say the letter V you can't  

feel the vibration in your throat what you say  this letter s is an unvoiced sound because we  

do not use our vocal cords to produce it whereas  Z is a voiced sound because we do use our vocal  

cords to make it let's feel that again first  let's try the letter s no feeling now see did  

you feel that that's a voice sound now let's  talk about the two th sounds these are very  

difficult sounds for many English learners let's  take a look at how to produce these sounds let's  

start with the unvoiced th sound place your tongue  between your teeth like this now push air through  

your teeth this is an unvoiced th we use this  in words like sink fin and sink now let's try  

the voiced th sound again place your tongue  between your teeth this time we are going to  

use our vocal cords just like we do when we say  the letter Z ok let's try put your hand on your  

throat to make sure you can feel the vibration  now put your tongue between your teeth and push  

air through while using your vocal cords good  job we can use this sound in words like this  

that these and those you may be wondering why is  this important many English speakers substitute  

the correct th sounds for the letters MZ instead  of think they might say sink instead of that they  

may say that the problem here is that changing one  sound may change the meaning of the words here is  

a picture that represents the word sink and here's  a picture that represents the word sink as you can  

see these words represent two very different  concepts be sure to practice this sound and  

try to listen to yourself as you speak it can  be helpful to record your speaking and listen  

back and remember the key to making this sound is  having your tongue between your teeth like this

language tip though it can be hard to tell which  th sound to use when reading there are a couple  

helpful rules first if the th comes at the end of  the word it is unvoiced we can see this in words  

like bath depth and both when the th comes  in the middle of the word it is voiced we  

can see this in words like mother father bathe  and father okay students that's it for today's  

pronunciation lesson thank you for tuning in to  the English gaming channel again make sure to  

like and share this video and subscribe for  more English learning videos from our team  

of real English teachers see you next time hello  students welcome back to the English Danny Channel  

I'm teacher Sarah today we're going to take a  look at adverbs of frequency let's get started

before we begin talking about adverbs of frequency  let's go ahead and take a moment to review what  

is an adverb an adverb is a word that's used  to modify or describe or tell more about verbs  

adjectives and even other adverbs let's take  a look at a couple examples here is a simple  

sentence I run here we see our verb is run now we  could add an adverb into this sentence to give us  

more information about our verb run for example I  slowly run as you can see the adverb here tells us  

more about that verb run now let's take a look at  how an adverb can be used with an adjective here  

is a sentence I'm happy here we see our adjective  is happy now I'm going to add an adverb to give us  

more information about that adjectives for example  I'm extremely happy here the adverb extremely  

gives us more information about that adjective  happy okay now let's take a look at adverbs of  

frequency what are they adverbs of frequency are  used to talk about how often something happens  

and often are used in response to the question how  often adverbs of frequency are used often to talk  

about things like habits hobbies and regular  occurrences some of the adverbs of frequency  

we'll talk about today are always normally usually  often sometimes rarely seldom and never now these  

are not all of the adverbs of frequency there are  but we will use these eight as examples for how to  

use adverbs of frequency in different kinds of  sentences let's take a look at what these words  

mean here if we look at the top this chart we can  see that always means 100% it is always true 100%  

of the time for example I always eat breakfast  this means that every day always 100% of the time  

I eat breakfast I always eat breakfast now let's  go down to our next word normally normally means  

something happens about 90 percent of the time  for example I normally go to bed at 11 o'clock  

this means that about 90 percent of the time  I go to bed at 11 o'clock but maybe 10 percent  

of the time I go to bed earlier or later but I'm  normally go to bed at 11 o'clock now let's take a  

look at our next word usually usually is a very  common adverb of frequency and means something  

happened about 80 percent of the time for example  she usually watches TV before bed this means that  

about 80 percent of the time she watches TV  before bed maybe 20 percent of the time she  

does something else but she usually watches TV  before bed okay now let's go down to our next  

adverb of frequency often often means something  happens about 70 percent of the time for example  

he calls me often this means that about 70 percent  of the time he calls me he calls me regularly he  

calls me often okay now we're going to get down  into adverbs of frequency that describe things  

that happen less often for example our next word  is sometimes sometimes means something happens  

about 50% of the time for example I ride my bike  sometimes this means that I don't ride my bike a  

lot but sometimes I do I ride my bike sometimes  the next word we're going to look at is the word  

seldom seldom means thing happens about 25% of  the time so not very often for example she felled  

him reads this means that she does not read very  much she seldom reads next let's take a look at a  

word that's used to describe when things happen  about 10% of the time net word is rarely we can  

use rarely in a sentence like my friend is rarely  late this means that my friend is only late about  

10% of the time they are not late often and  finally let's look at the adverb of frequency  

never-never means something happens zero percent  of the time it does not happen for example I never  

miss class this means that zero percent of the  time I miss class I never miss class next let's  

look at some different ways that we can use  adverbs of frequency in sentences we'll talk  

about three main ways that they can be used and  one that will expand on in a future video first  

we can use adverbs of frequency in sentences that  have B plus a verb now if you remember the verb  

be includes words like am is are was and work for  example I could have the sentence like my boss is  

happy now if I want to add an adverb of frequency  I could say my boss is often happy that's another  

example we can look at a sentence like I'm late  for work here I could add an adverb of frequency  

and say something like I'm seldom late for work  next we can see adverbs frequency used with other  

verbs so we'll see our adverb of frequency plus  another verb for example I could have a sentence  

like we go to Scotland in August now if I want to  add my adverb of frequency I'll put it before that  

verb and say we usually go to Scotland in August  as other example I could look at a sentence like  

it gets very windy here here our verb is gets so  we want to put our adverb of frequency before and  

we could say it sometimes gets very windy here  third it is important to note that most adverbs  

of frequency can be used at the beginning or the  end of a clause or a sentence for example I could  

say sometimes I want to live somewhere else or  I could put it at the end and it's also correct  

I want to live somewhere else sometimes let's  look at another example with the adverb usually  

usually I get up early that is correct I can also  take the adverb usually and put it at the end of  

that sentence I get up early usually that's also  correct now we cannot do this with every adverb  

of frequency some adverbs of frequency cannot  come at the beginning and the end of sentences  

these include the adverbs rarely seldom and  never though it's normally true that never  

cannot come at the beginning or end of a sentence  always in knepper can be used at the beginning of  

imperative sentences for example always wear your  seat belt or never forget it the last way that we  

can use adverbs of frequency is the way that will  expand upon at another time here we could use an  

auxiliary verb and an adverb for example I have  never seen a will you can always stay with us or  

have you ever played American football but again  we'll touch on this specific use of bad verbs of  

frequency at another time okay now I want you to  try to make your own sentence using adverbs of  

frequency I will ask you a question think about  it and try to answer it and pause the video to  

save the sentence out loud then hit play and we'll  see what an example of a correct answer would be  

okay number one how often do you read books ok  did you come up with your answer we can answer  

this question using any adverb of frequency for  a bit bull I sometimes read books or I read books  

often okay number two how often do you listen to  music again we can answer this question using any  

adverb of frequency for example I rarely listen to  music or I listen to music sometimes okay number  

three are left question how often do you study  English here again we can just plug in our adverb  

of frequency before the verb and some of them at  the beginning or end of a sentence for example I  

always study English or sometimes I study English  okay student that's it for today's lesson about  

adverbs of frequency please make sure to like  and share this video and hit that subscribe  

button for more English learning videos from  our team of real English teachers see you next  

time hello to this welcome back to the English  Danny Channel I am teacher Sarah act on and in  

are prepositions that can be a little confusing  how do you know which to use today we're going  

to learn how to use act on and in correctly  when talking about time let's get started

there are many phrases we can use when talking  about time we can use specific times like one  

o'clock 4:15 and midnight we can use parts of the  day like morning and afternoon days like Monday  

and Tuesday months like January and February  seasons holidays and so on let's begin with the  

word act act is used to talk about clock times  the whole period of the holidays like Christmas  

Easter and Thanksgiving and in British English  at is used with weekend here are some examples  

first clock times I usually get up at six o'clock  I'll meet you at 5:30 call me at lunch time next  

the whole period of holidays we do not use  act to refer to the specific day but rather  

to talk about something that happens in the  time period surrounding a holiday for example  

I love seeing my family at Christmas this means  that I love seeing my family in the time period  

surrounding Christmas not just on Christmas  Day we're getting the roof prepared at Easter  

this means that our roof will be repaired in the  time period surrounding Easter not just on Easter  

Sunday finally in British English you will often  hear the term at the weekend for example what did  

you do at the weekend in American English however  we say on the weekend I'm going to see her on the  

weekend next let's consider the preposition on an  is used to talk about specific particular days for  

example she will arrive on Tuesday my birthday  is on November 5th they're having a party on  

Christmas Day we can also use on to talk about  repeated actions for example we usually go see  

our grandparents on Sundays lastly let's look  at the preposition in M is used to talk about  

parts of the day and longer periods of time parts  of the day include words like morning afternoon  

and evening for example I work best in the morning  I'll see you in the afternoon we like to go out in  

the evening it is important to note that with the  word night there are two possible prepositions we  

can use in or act we use in the night to refer to  one particular night and at night to mean during  

any night compare the following sentences I had to  get up in the night this means I had to get up in  

one particular night I often work at night this  means I often work during any given night it is  

also used to talk about longer periods of time  like weeks months seasons years and centuries  

let's consider the following examples it happened  in the week after Thanksgiving I was born in June  

Osaka is beautiful in spring she finished college  in 2012 our house was built in the 15th century it  

can also be used in a few other circumstances in  can be used to say how soon something will happen  

and how long something takes to happen for example  I will turn in the assignment in 3 days I can run  

200 meters in about 30 seconds last but not least  there are some time expressions that do not use  

any prepositions act on and in are not normally  used in expressions of time before the words next  

last this one any each every sum all and sometimes  that here are some examples see you next week are  

you free this morning come anytime I didn't feel  very well that week I'm home every evening let's  

meet one day we shed all day all right let's  summarize today's lesson here is a chart showing  

how we can use act on and in and when to not use  these prepositions at is used to talk about clock  

times the whole period surrounding holidays and  in British English act is used with the weekend  

on is used to talk about specific particular  days in is used to talk about parts of the  

day and longer periods of time in can also be  used to say how soon something will happen and  

how long something takes to happen we do not use  these prepositions in expressions of time before  

these words okay student that's it for today's  lesson thanks for tuning in be sure to like and  

share this video and subscribe for more English  lessons from our team of real English teachers  

see you next time hello students welcome back to  the English Danny channel I'm teacher Sarah and  

today I'm going to help you learn how to talk  about the past in English using the simple past  

verb tense let's get started talking about the  past is something that we do every day and for  

the most basic form of talking about the past we  use the simple past verb tense we use the simple  

past to talk about many kinds of past events like  finished actions and repeated events simple past  

is very common in storytelling - it shorts the  simple past is used to talk about actions that  

were completed in a time before now we use the  simple past to answer questions like what did  

you do yesterday what did you do yesterday hmm  I studied English I played computer games and I  

talked to my friend in his answers we see regular  simple past verbs like studied played and taught  

most regular simple past birds are formed like  this subject + verb + e D for example I play I  

walked I talked Island there is some variation  in the way we use the e d ending when spelling  

past tense first if it verb ends in E already like  hope or like we just add D for example I hoped and  

I liked if the verb ends in one stressed vowel  and one consonant except W or Y like shop plan  

or regret double the consonant and add Edie for  example I shopped I plant or I regret it finally  

if a verb ends in Y like hurry cry or study change  the Y to I and add Edie for example I hurried I  

cried or I started using these rules let's take  a look at some common regular verbs and a simple  

sentence using each in the past tense want want  it I wanted to eat breakfast helped helped she  

helped me do my homework talk talked we talked  for hours hope hoped I hoped the text would be  

easy loved loved I loved the movie stop stop the  music stopped shop shocked we shopped all day plan  

plant we planned shishah study studies i studied  yesterday cry-cry the children cried now that  

we've seen some examples of regular past verbs  it is important to note that the IDI ending is  

not always pronounced the same as you may have  noticed there are three main ways that you can  

say Edie Depp - and it first the IDI ending is  pronounced good when it is after vowels AEIOU  

and sometimes y and voiced consonants except deep  voiced consonants include these sounds but duh duh  

duh duh duh ma nut and luck for example try which  ends in Y try clothes which ends in the voiced  

th clothed use which ends in the zip sound used  fail which ends in the left sound failed second  

the easy ending sounds like two after unvoiced  consonants except T unvoiced consonants include  

these sounds for example stop stop laughs left  watch watched work worked pass passed finally if  

a verb ends in a duck or tough sound the IDI  ending sounds like it for example and ended  

start started many verbs in English follow the  regular simple past pattern however there are  

also many irregular simple past verbs these verbs  do not follow the verb flex IDI form here are some  

of the most common irregular verbs for a full  list of irregular verbs check the link in the  

description below go went I went home do did she  did it have half we had a good time by bought you  

bought a nice jacket come came winter came early  this year eat ate I ate dinner already take took  

he took a picture get got I got sick say said she  said it's okay teach taught I taught you a lesson  

today write wrote I wrote a poem think thought  I [ __ ] up again for a complete list of English  

irregular verbs be sure to check the link in the  description below okay students that's it for  

today's lesson on the simple past did you learn  something new if you liked the video be sure to  

click the like button and press that red subscribe  button below if you loved it please share it and  

tune in again soon for another lesson from our  team of real English teachers see you next time  

hello students welcome back to the English Dannie  Channel I am teacher Sarah so far we've learned  

about how to use more adjectives to improve our  English and how to compare things using adjectives  

today we're going to learn about how to put  adjectives in the correct order let's get started

have you ever been confused about how to describe  something using several adjectives when multiple  

adjectives come before a noun they have to be  put in a particular order for instance we say  

a fat old lady not an old fat lady and a small  shiny black leather bag not a leather black shiny  

small bag the rules for adjectives word order are  complicated but today we'll talk about some of  

the most important rules first adjectives of color  origin or where something is from material or what  

something is made of and purpose or what something  is used for usually go in that order color origin  

material and purpose let's take a look at some  examples black Spanish leather hiking boots a  

silver German beer mug a red silk scarf an Italian  glass flower vase an oak dinner table next other  

adjectives usually go before words of color origin  material and purpose adjectives of size shape  

length height and age often come first let's look  at some examples the round glass table here we see  

the shape round comes before the material number  two a big modern brick house here we see the size  

and age come for the material number three a  tall ancient Cambodian temple here we see the  

height and age come before the origin number four  a long old English book here we see the length and  

H before origin adjectives which express judgments  or attitudes usually come before other adjectives  

examples are lovely definite pure absolute extreme  perfect wonderful and silly here are some examples  

number one a lovely long cool drink number two  who's that silly young man over there number  

three what a perfect long warm summer day finally  let's consider numbers numbers usually go before  

all other adjectives for example we would say 6  large eggs and the second big storm first next  

and last most often go before 1 2 3 and so on for  example the first three days and my last two jobs  

okay let's get some practice I'm going to put  three sentences with mistakes in them up on the  

screen pause the video and try to fix the mistakes  number one I have the French black perfect dress  

number two have you seen those red old brick  lovely three houses number three the three last  

weeks were cold did you figure it out now let's  look at the correct sentence is number one I have  

the perfect black French dress number two have you  seen those three lovely old red brick houses and  

number three the last three weeks were cold in  number one the word perfect is a judgment which  

means it comes before all other Nath's we also  list color black before origin French in number  

two we see the number three which comes first we  also see the judgment word lovely which needs to  

come before other nouns age old comes before color  red which comes before material brick in number  

three remember that we use words like first next  and last before numbers okay student that's it for  

today's short new English lesson please be sure  to like and share this video and subscribe to our  

channel for more English learning videos from our  team of real English teachers see you next time