How To Use "HAVE" | Basic English Grammar | HAVE, HAS, HAD

28,592 views ใƒป 2024-05-06

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
The verb have is one thatย  confuses a lot of students.
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have ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
It's used as the main verb, the auxiliary verb.
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๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ, ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:09
It has irregular conjugations.
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
It's used in contractions.
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์ˆ˜์ถ•์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
It's used with idioms and expressions.
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๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๋‚˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
But today you'll learn everythingย  you need to know about the verb have.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ have ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
Welcome back to JForrest English, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
I'm Jennifer.
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00:24
Now let's get started.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
First, let's review all theย  conjugations of the verb have,ย ย 
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๋จผ์ €, ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
because you'll need to know theseย  throughout the entire lesson.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:35
And don't worry about taking notes because Iย  summarized everything in a free lesson PDF.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ PDF์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋‘์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
00:40
You can find the link in the descriptionย  and I'm going to quiz you at the end.
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
So pay close attention.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
00:47
The conjugations are in the infinitiveย  to have, the base verb have, the pastย ย 
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ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ to have, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ have, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
00:54
simple had the present participleย  having, and the past participle had.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ had ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ have, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ had์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
Now let's review to have as the main verb in theย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ have์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ have๊ฐ€
01:06
present simple have is usedย  for possession or ownership.
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์†Œ์œ  ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
I have two adorable cats.
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
What about you?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”?
01:15
What is something that you have?
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:18
I have.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Maybe it's a pet, maybe it's a car.
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์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ž๋™์ฐจ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
Maybe it's an interesting possession.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Share something in the comments below.
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:27
I have.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
I have put that in the comments with the subject.
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์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
You you have a turtle.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
She or he has noticed that irregular conjugation.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
** *** it we use has.
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** *** ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
He or she has a Penguin?
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํŽญ๊ท„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:46
Why not?
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์™œ ์•ˆ ๋ผ?
01:48
They have a kangaroo.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์บฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
We have an iguana.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ด๊ตฌ์•„๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:52
Just remember.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด๋ผ.
01:53
Take a note of this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด ๋‘์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:54
** *** it, it uses has.
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** *** ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
All other subjects use have.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
This is in the present simple.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Let's talk about the present continuous.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:05
Now this is for experiences.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
What do you think about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
02:11
I'm having two cats, so our verb is haveย  but is conjugated in the present continuous.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” have์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
Of course, the auxiliary verb is the verb toย  be I am, I'm and then your verb in ING having.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” be ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I am, I'm ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ING have์˜ your ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
I'm having two cats.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:29
What do you think about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
02:32
This sentence is incorrect because we don't useย ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ ์†Œ์œ  ๋™์‚ฌ have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:36
the verb have in the presentย  continuous for possession.
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. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š”
02:41
We use it in the present simple,ย  in the present continuous.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:45
With have, it's about experiences.
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have์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
So with cats, as you saw before, you would haveย  to say I have two cats even though it's right now.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์…จ๋“ฏ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
But for experiences, you canย  say I'm having a great time.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
You're having so much fun watching this video.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ตฐ์š”.
03:07
I hope that's true.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
She's having trouble understanding this.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
They're having a party tonight.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:15
What about this one?
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
03:16
We're having a baby.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:19
What does that mean?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์—์š”?
03:20
We're having a baby.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:22
This means we're expecting a baby.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
So if this was the man talking,ย  it would be My wife is pregnant.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ' ๋‚ด ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž„์‹ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”'๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
We're having a baby.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:32
We're expecting a baby.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
Now let's review the past.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
03:36
Simple this is used for both possessionย  in the past or experiences in the past.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์†Œ์œ  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
I had a dog when I was a kid,ย  ownership, possession in the past.
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์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ, ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
We had so much fun at the partyย  and experience in the past.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
She had a baby last week.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
This means she gave birth last week.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:05
He had a headache yesterday, an experienceย  you experience a headache in the past.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ๋‘ํ†ต์„ ์•“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‘ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Now let's review have as the auxiliary verb.
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์ด์ œ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ have๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
This is used in the present perfect.
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์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
I have had a busy week.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
The structure for the present perfect isย  subject have or has conjugated with the subject.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
You already know that ** *** it needs has.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ** ***๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
All other subjects use haveย  and then the past participle.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด์—๋Š” have ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Now in my sentence I have had a busy week.
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์ด์ œ ๋‚ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
My main verb is the verb to haveย  conjugated in the present perfect.
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์ œ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
That's why there's had, it's past participle.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— had, it์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
But no matter what verb you useย  as the main verb, the presentย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ
04:59
perfect always uses have as the auxiliary verb.
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์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ have๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
You have been very helpful.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
So the verb B is the main verbย  and have is the auxiliary.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ B๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  have๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
She has won the lottery twice.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณต๊ถŒ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹น์ฒจ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
He has run 2 marathons.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค์„ 2๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋›ฐ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Remember he and she you need has as theย  auxiliary verb and then your main verb.
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๊ทธ์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:24
In the past participle, weย  have scheduled the meeting.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜ ์ผ์ •์„ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
They have left the party.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
Now let's review the contractions becauseย  these are very important to sound natural,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ 
05:37
like a native speaker, andย  to understand us as well.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
I've you've, he's, she's, it's we've.
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๋‚˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด์š”.
05:47
They've.
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05:47
Native speakers usually use the contractionsย  when the verb have is the auxiliary verb.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค.
์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ have๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Important point, American speakers don't use theย ย 
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š”
06:00
contraction when have is the mainย  verb, but British speakers do.
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have๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
I've a car.
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:08
I remember the first time Iย  heard a British speaker say this.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:12
I thought it sounded so weird.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
I have a car because Americanย  speakers would never say that.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. have ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ
06:20
We would say I have a car becauseย  the verb have is the main verb.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— I have a car๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:25
But both American and Britishย  speakers would say I've had aย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์œ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
busy week because here have is the auxiliary verb.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Let's keep reviewing have as the auxiliary verb.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ have๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:39
What do you think about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
06:42
She had had a meeting with her boss.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
What do you think?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
06:47
Is this correct?
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์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์ง€?
06:48
Incorrect.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ.
06:50
This is correct.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Do you know what verb tense this is?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
06:54
This is the past perfectย  with have as the main verb.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ have๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Of course, the past perfect is used for a pastย  action completed before another past action.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘ ์ด์ „์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
So it's the past in the past.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์†์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:09
She had had a meeting with herย  boss before she met the client.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:14
2 Past actions.
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2 ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ™œ๋™.
07:16
The past perfect is the first past action.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋™์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
The older past action you'reย  probably more familiar with.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
They had left by the time I arrived.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
The structure of the past perfect isย  subject had and the past participle.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด had์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
So all subjects use had, and then yourย  main verb is in the past participle.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ had๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
But the past participle of the verb have is had.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ have์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” had์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
That's why it's possible to say sheย  had had a meeting with her boss.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฏธํŒ…์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Let's review the contractions, and we'llย  use the verb to leave as the main verb,ย ย 
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์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:04
which will be in the past participle left.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ left์— ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ to Leave๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
They had left.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
So with the subject I I'd left,ย  you'd left, she'd left, he'd left.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ, ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
It is possible with the subject it ID left.
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ID๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
08:22
So notice it's just ID ID ID left.
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ID ID ID๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
We'd left they'd left.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
So you just add a soft D to the subject.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด D๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
What do you think about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
08:35
I'd a dog when I was young.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ์–ด์š”.
08:38
Is this correct or incorrect?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ‹€๋ฆฐ๊ฐ€์š”?
08:41
Well, this is incorrect to an Americanย  speaker because the main verb is have.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ have์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
American speaker would say Iย  had a dog when I was young.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์› ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
Remember, American speakers don't form aย  contraction when have is the main verb,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ด๋“  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด have๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:02
whether it's the present simple or past simple.
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09:05
But native speakers usually form aย  contraction when have is the auxiliaryย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ have๊ฐ€
09:11
verb and HAVE is the auxiliaryย  verb with all the perfect tenses.
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  HAVE๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
You already know the presentย  perfect and the past perfect.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
These are the two most common ones.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Let's quickly review the other perfect tenses.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
For the present perfect continuousย  you have your subject have or has,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
remember has with ** *** it been, and thenย  your present participle your verb And ING theย ย 
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** *** it been์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ING๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€
09:42
past perfect continuous you have your subjectย  plus had plus been plus present participle.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์— ์ฃผ์–ด ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค had plus been ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
The future perfect you have subject plus will plusย  have plus past participle and the future perfectย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ will plus have plus ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์™„๋ฃŒ
09:59
continuous you have your subject plus willย  plus have plus been plus present participle.
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์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•ย ย  ์ฃผ์–ด์— will ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค have plus been ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
Remember you need to changeย  have to has for ** *** it forย ย 
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** *** it์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:14
the present perfect and theย  present perfect continuous.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:18
In all other cases, the verbย  doesn't change with the subject.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
So you would say they have reserved a table.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
She has reserved a table.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
We have been preparing for the party.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
He has been preparing for the party.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
But remember to form those contractions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:37
So what would the first one be?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
10:40
They have, they've, they've reserved a table.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
She has, She's reserved a table.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:48
We have been preparing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
We've been preparing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
He has been preparing.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
He's been preparing.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Now let's review negation with half.
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
So taking half and making it negative.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
Let's do this as a little quiz.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž‘์€ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž.
11:05
I have a dog.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
How would you make this negative?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚˜๋Š”
11:10
I don't have a dog.
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๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
Did you use that contraction?
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:15
You could say I do not have a dog,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:19
but native speakers usually form theย  contraction when have is negative.
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ have๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ˜•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
She has a car.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
What is this in the negative?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:28
And use the contraction.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:31
She doesn't have a car.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
She does not have a car.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
We had some problems at the conference.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
Was this in the negative?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:42
We didn't have any problems at the conference.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Did you get the contraction?
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์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‚˜์š”?
11:48
Did not have, Didn't have.
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์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”, ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:52
And did you change some to any?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
11:55
They've had a lot of success.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
What is this in the negative?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:59
They haven't had a lot of success here.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
You can leave a lot of.
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๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
You could also say they haveย  not had a lot of success.
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ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
She's had a great day.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
What is this in the negative?
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:13
She hasn't had a great day.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
She has not had a great day.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
They'd had problems before the launch.
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์ถœ์‹œ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
What is this in the negative they hadn't had?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:28
They had not had problems before the launch.
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์ถœ์‹œ ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
What about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:33
I have time.
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๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„.
12:35
How do you make this negative?
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
12:37
You could say I don't have time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
12:41
I do not have time.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด.
12:43
What about this sentence?
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:45
I have no time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
12:47
What do you think about this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
12:48
Correct or incorrect?
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๋งž๋‚˜์š”, ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”?
12:51
This is correct and veryย  commonly used by native speakers.
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์ด๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
The structure is subject plus haveย  or has depending on the subject.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ์–ด + haveย ๋˜๋Š” have๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
Remember ** *** it has no andย  then noun, in this case time.
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** ***์—๋Š” no๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” time์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€
13:08
This is used to emphasize the lack ofย  something and to do it in a more dramatic way.
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์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข€ ๋” ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
I have no time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
13:17
You could say she has no money.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
This sounds more dramaticย  than she doesn't have money.
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๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆํ‹ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
We have no ideas.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
We don't have any ideas here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
Ideas of course, are thoughts,ย  thoughts to solve problems.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
But if you say I have no idea in theย  singular, this means I don't know.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ I have no idea๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
This is very commonly used by native speakers.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
So if someone asks you a complicatedย  math problem, what's 362 / 3.8?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด 362/3.8์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:53
I have no idea.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
13:55
It emphasizes it more than saying I don't know.
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๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
This structure is only usedย  in specific situations,ย ย 
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ,
14:03
but for now you can use it withย  time, money, ideas, plural or idea?
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ˆ, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
Singular.
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•.
14:10
Now let's review some common expressions withย  have and I'm going to quiz you at the same time.
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์ด์ œ have๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ณต์Šต ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
So you can practice all of theseย  conjugations and structures thatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์šด ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š”
14:21
you just learned and learn naturalย  expressions at the same time.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‘œํ˜„๋„ ์ตํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
To have a blast, this means to have a great time.
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To have a blast๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
We all blast at the concert.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์—์„œ ํญ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
Last time, complete theย  sentence with the negative form.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:40
Do you know it?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
14:42
We didn't have a blast because our keyword is lastย  night so you need the past simple to have a ball.
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ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
This also means to have a great time.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
Both are commonly used.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
If we a ball at the conference,ย  we wouldn't have left early.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผ์ฐ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
This is the third conditional.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
Can you complete it?
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์™„๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
15:08
Did you get this one?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด?
15:09
Well, have is the main verb.
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์Œ, have๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
So in the past perfect, which you need.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
If we had had a ball at the conference,ย ย 
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์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:20
we wouldn't have left early an advancedย  structure to have the last laugh.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ฐ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š”
15:26
This is when you appear to be the loser atย  first, but in the end you're the winner.
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ํŒจ์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
They rejected our proposal, but I believe inย  our product and I know the last laugh as a hint.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ํžŒํŠธ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
You need the future.
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
Simple.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ.
15:49
Did you get this one?
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์ด๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด?
15:50
And I know will have as a contraction.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
Will we?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”?
15:55
Will Will have the last laugh.
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์œŒ์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์›ƒ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
15:59
You'll ultimately be the winner,ย  even though it seems like you'reย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํŒจ์ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„
16:03
the loser right now because they rejected yourย  proposal to have butterflies in your stomach.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:10
This is when you're nervous and anxious before aย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์—ฐ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ธด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
16:14
significant event like public speakingย  butterflies in your stomach is normal.
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์ •์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
Before a job interview, can you complete this?
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๋ฉด์ ‘ ์ „์— ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
16:26
And as a hint, you need the gerund verb havingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํžŒํŠธ๋กœ, ๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ ค๋ฉด ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ(๋‚˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ’€๋‹ค)
16:31
butterflies in your stomach have asย  the gerund verb to have a screw loose.
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์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฑƒ์†์— ๋‚˜๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ( ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ)๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
This describes someone who is a littleย  crazy, but more in a eccentric way.
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์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ดด์ƒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
She might a few screwsย  loose, but she gets results.
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ’€๋ ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
She might.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ.
16:53
Might is your modal, so you need the base verb.
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Might๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:56
She might have a few screws loose.
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๋‚˜์‚ฌ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋Š์Šจํ•ด์กŒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
Like Shakira said, I'm crazy, but youย  like it to have a lot on one's plate.
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Shakira๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:07
This means to be very busy andย  it's very commonly used right now.
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์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
Tony a lot on his plate.
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Tony๋Š” ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
This is easy right?
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์ด๊ฑด ์‰ฝ์ฃ ?
17:18
Right now Tony has because it's possession and youย  can only use the present simple with possession.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ Tony have์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ์œ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์€ ์†Œ์œ ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
Right now Tony has a lotย  on his plate to have a cow.
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์ง€๊ธˆ Tony๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
This is a fun one.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:34
It means to become very upset.
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๋ชน์‹œ ๋‹นํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
A cow is just a small scratchย  on your car as a hint.
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์†Œ๋Š” ํžŒํŠธ๋กœ ์ฐจ์— ๋‚œ ์ž‘์€ ํ ์ง‘์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
You need the imperative in the negative form.
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ช…๋ นํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
Do you know how to complete this?
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
17:50
Don't have a cow?
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์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‚˜์š”?
17:51
Don't have a cow to have a heart of gold.
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ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
17:56
This describes someone who is very kind,ย  caring and generous despite a heart of gold.
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์ด๋Š” ์˜จ์œ ํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
She didn't get the promotion.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šน์ง„์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
What's the answer?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ •๋‹ต์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
18:09
Despite having a heart of gold?
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๊ธˆ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ?
18:12
Because despite is a preposition and youย  need the gerund verb after prepositions.
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before๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:19
So how did you do with this quiz?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ’€์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
18:21
Share your score in the comments and don'tย  have a cow if you didn't do very well.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ , ์„ฑ์ ์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
18:27
You just need to practice, practice, practice.
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
Did you like this master class?
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์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ํŠน์ • ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”
18:32
Do you want me to make more master classesย  where we go deep into a specific concept,ย ย 
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๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”
18:38
like a specific verb tense?
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?
18:40
If you do put master class, masterย  class, put master class in the comments.
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๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค, ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
18:45
And of course, make sure you like thisย  lesson, Share it with your friends,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
18:48
and subscribe so you're notifiedย  every time I post a new lesson.
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๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:52
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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18:57
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
19:01
And I have another master class on the verbย  to be, so make sure you watch it right now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  be ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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