TEST Your English Grammar - Do you know the correct VERB TENSE?

8,211 views ใƒป 2022-07-07

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome back to JForrest Englishย  training, your place to become a fluent,ย ย 
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ 
00:04
confident English speaker. Of course, I'm Jenniferย  and in this lesson, you're going to test yourย ย 
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์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” JForrest English ๊ต์œก์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
00:11
knowledge of advanced English grammar. And you'reย  going to test your knowledge of verb tenses.ย ย 
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
So here's how this lesson will work. I'llย  show you a question and there'll be a blank.ย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋นˆ์นธ์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
And you have to decide which option, whichย  verb tense, best completes the sentence. Now,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ต์…˜, ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์™„์„ฑํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
00:31
I'll only show the question for a fewย  seconds. So hit pause, take as much timeย ย 
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๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ์‹œ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์„ธ์š”
00:37
as you need. And when you're ready,ย  hit play and I'll share the correctย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:42
answer and I'll explain why that answer isย  correct. Are you ready? Let's get started.ย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์ด ์™œ ๋งž๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:50
Question one, my flight at 9am tomorrow. Andย  the answer is, my flight leaves at 9am tomorrow.ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ต์€ ๋‚ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜ค์ „ 9์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
No both B and C are future verbs. And weย  need a future verb because we have the keyย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š” B์™€ C๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:15
word tomorrow. So I know we're in the future.ย  But we use the present simple in the future onย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:24
one specific occasion. And that's with timetableย  event, with scheduled events. So transportationย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‘œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์€
01:34
runs on a schedule. You get a ticket and it tellsย  you the time. We can consider that a scheduledย ย 
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์ผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šดํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐ์ผ“์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:41
event. If you're going to a party, a wedding, aย  meeting in the future, and there's a scheduledย ย 
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. ํŒŒํ‹ฐ, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹, ํšŒ์˜์— ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ
01:48
event, you can simply say, my meeting startsย  at two o'clock next Tuesday. Question two,ย ย 
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ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ ํ™”์š”์ผ 2์‹œ์— ๋‚ด ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์งˆ๋ฌธ 2,
02:00
she two books so far this year. And the answerย  is, she has written two books so far this year.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Your key word here is this year. This year isย  still in progress. If it were complete, I'd sayย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž‘๋…„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:25
last year. She's written two books so farย  this year. So which verb tense am I using?ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:34
The present perfect, has written. We use theย  present perfect for actions that started in theย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ, ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:42
past but are still in progress. So the books sheย  has written, those are complete. Those two booksย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์“ด ์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์ด
02:51
are sitting on her shelf. But it's possibleย  for her to write more books because the yearย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:58
is still in progress. The present perfect.ย  Number three, your eyes are red and puffy.ย ย 
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. ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ถฉํ˜ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์–ด์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
And the answer is, have you beenย  crying? Have you been crying?ย ย 
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๋‹ต์€ ' ์šธ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด?
03:17
The verb tense here is the present perfectย  continuous. We need a continuous verb in thisย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
context because the focus is on that action. Theย  focus is not on the result. The focus is on theย ย 
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์ดˆ์ ์ด ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:35
action of crying. I want to emphasize the action,ย  crying. Have you cried, the present perfect,ย ย 
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. ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ , ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. have you cry, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ, ํ–‰๋™์—
03:45
that sounds awkward because there's no focusย  on the action. Question 4, if I you, I'd quit.ย ย 
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์ดˆ์ ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์งˆ๋ฌธ 4, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
And the answer is, if I were you. If I wereย  you. Now having I and were side by side mayย ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด. ์ด์ œ I์™€ were side by side๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€
04:08
sound unnatural to you. Because the past form ofย  the verb 'to be' with the subject 'I' is 'was',ย ย 
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด 'I'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ 'was'์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:17
of course right. I was tired. I was angry.ย  You were tired. You were angry. She was tired.ย ย 
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ™”๊ฐ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
They were tired. But this isn't in the pastย  simple. This is in the subjunctive. And theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:38
conjugation for the subjunctive verb is 'were' forย  all subjects: I, you, he, she, it, we they were.ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ˜•์€ I, you, he, she, it, we they were ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'were'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Now why does this question need the subjunctive?ย  Because it's hypothetical. I'm not you. That's aย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์ •๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
04:58
hypothetical situation. If I were you, but I'm notย  you. I'm me, right! If I were younger, if I wereย ย 
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๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์•ผ, ๋งž์•„! ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:07
older, if I were taller, if I were shorter, thoseย  are all hypothetical situations. Number five,ย ย 
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, ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ปธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ,
05:16
Dave at the bank since 2009. And the answer is,ย  Dave has been working at the bank since 2009.ย ย 
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Dave๋Š” 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ต์€ Dave๋Š” 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Now we're using the present perfectย  continuous because the actionย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:37
started in the past and continues until now.ย  So when did Dave start working at the bank?ย ย 
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. Dave๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:45
Dave started working at the bank inย  2009. Where does Dave work now, today?ย ย 
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Dave๋Š” 2009๋…„์— ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Dave๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:53
At the bank, right. So the action startedย  in the past and continues until now.ย ย 
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์€ํ–‰์—์„œ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Question six. Carmen has a hair appointmentย  tomorrow. Carmen her hair cut tomorrow.ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ 6. Carmen์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ํ—ค์–ด ์•ฝ์†์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Carmen ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์ž˜๋ž๋‹ค.
06:11
And the answer is, Carmen is getting her hairย  cut tomorrow. Now the first sentence is just toย ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ Carmen์ด ๋‚ด์ผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
06:20
provide context. So you know there's a scheduledย  event and that's important because we use theย ย 
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๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š”
06:28
present continuous, not the future simple. Weย  use the present continuous when we're talkingย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:37
about a scheduled event in the future. Let'sย  say I have a plane ticket to go to Australiaย ย 
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. 5๋…„ ํ›„์— ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:46
in five years. Even though it's five years away,ย  it's still a scheduled event. So I would say,ย ย 
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. 5๋…„์ด ๋‚จ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
06:54
I'm going, present continuous.ย  I'm going to Australia in fiveย ย 
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I'm going, ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 5๋…„ ํ›„์— ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:01
years. Because it's a scheduled event. Questionย  seven, Samuel to Paris at least five times.ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๊ณฑ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์—˜์ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์ตœ์†Œ 5๋ฒˆ์€ ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:15
And the answer is, Samuel hasย  gone to Paris at least five times.ย ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์—˜์ด ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์ตœ์†Œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Now there's no indication of time inย  this example. There is no past reference,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์˜ˆ์—๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
last year last month. And there's no futureย  reference either. So I know we're just talkingย ย 
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์ž‘๋…„ ์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
07:35
about in general. And we use the present perfect,ย  has gone. We use the present perfect to talk aboutย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ, ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:45
life experience, the things we haveย  done or haven't done in our life.ย ย 
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์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์ผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
And the reason is because our life is unfinished.ย  Our life is in progress. It started in the pastย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์ด ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด
08:00
and it continues until now. So while we're aliveย  and still living, we use the present perfectย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:08
to talk about our life experience. Questionย  eight. I think Sarah a promotion next year.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
08:20
And the answer is, I think Saraย  will get a promotion next year.ย ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
So my key word here is next year. So I know I'mย  in the future. And notice the other key word,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‚ด๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:35
I think. I think. We use the future simple toย  make predictions about the future. I think Sarah.ย ย 
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
08:47
I don't know this 100%. It's a prediction. Iย  think Sarah will get a promotion next year.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฑด 100% ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ธก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ์Šน์ง„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
08:57
Number nine. The client by theย  time I checked my messages.ย ย 
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9๋ฒˆ. ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ.
09:05
The client had called by the time I checked myย  messages. This is the past perfect. The pastย ย 
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๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
09:15
perfect is used to talk about a past action,ย  a completed past action that takes placeย ย 
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™,
09:23
before another past action. So on our timelineย  we have two past events. The client called.ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™ ์ด์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์—๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
I checked my messages. Now we use theย  past perfect for the first past action,ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ „ ์ž‘์—…์ธ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:44
which is the older action. And we use the pastย  simple for this second past action, which is theย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
09:52
newer action on our timeline. The client hadย  called by the time I checked my messages.ย ย 
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ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
And finally questions 10, I can't believeย  they their baby by the time we get there.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ 10๋ฒˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
And the answer is, I can't believe they willย  have had their baby by the time we get there.ย ย 
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๋•Œ์ฏค ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
Which verb tense is this? The future perfect.ย  We don't use the future perfect too often,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
10:29
but it's still an important verb tense. We useย  the future perfect to talk about a completedย ย 
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:36
action in the future. So let's say right nowย  it's summer 2022. And the baby is due in the fallย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด 2022๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๊ธฐ๋Š” 2022๋…„ ๊ฐ€์„์— ์ถœ์‚ฐํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
2022. So right now in summer, it's a futureย  action, right? Well, let's say I'm travelingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์Œ,
11:00
to visit this couple in the winter of 2022. Soย  I'm going to take my timeline from now and I'mย ย 
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2022๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ์— ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์„ ์žก๊ณ 
11:11
going to change the timeline to winter 2022.ย  And by winter 2022, the baby will have beenย ย 
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2022๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ๋กœ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2022๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์•„๊ธฐ๋Š”
11:22
born. So that action, although it's a futureย  action now, when I change the timeline toย ย 
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์„
11:31
winter 2022, the action will actually be in theย  past. So did you know all of these verb tenses?ย ย 
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2022๋…„ ๊ฒจ์šธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ํ–‰๋™์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋ž˜
11:40
Make sure you share your score in the commentsย  below and do some example sentences practicingย ย 
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”
11:47
the verb tenses that you found most difficult.ย  Maybe the future perfect? So you can do thatย ย 
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. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
11:53
in the comments below. And if you found this videoย  helpful, please hit the like button, share it withย ย 
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ 
11:58
your friends and of course subscribe. And beforeย  you go make sure you head on over to my websiteย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ JForrestEnglish.com์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
12:02
JForrestEnglish.com and download your freeย  speaking guide. In this guide I share sixย ย 
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:08
tips on how to speak English fluently andย  confidently. And until next time, Happy Studying!
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€, ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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