The magic washing machine | Hans Rosling

708,541 views ・ 2011-03-21

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00:15
I was only four years old
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when I saw my mother load a washing machine
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for the very first time in her life.
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That was a great day for my mother.
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My mother and father had been saving money for years
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to be able to buy that machine,
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and the first day it was going to be used,
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even Grandma was invited to see the machine.
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(Laughter)
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And Grandma was even more excited.
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Throughout her life, she had been heating water with firewood,
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and she had hand-washed laundry for seven children.
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And now, she was going to watch electricity do that work.
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My mother carefully opened the door,
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and she loaded the laundry into the machine,
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like this.
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And then, when she closed the door,
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Grandma said, "No, no, no, no!
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Let me! Let me push the button!"
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(Laughter)
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And Grandma pushed the button,
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and she said, "Oh, fantastic!
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I want to see this! Give me a chair! Give me a chair! I want to see it,"
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and she sat down in front of the machine,
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and she watched the entire washing program.
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(Laughter)
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She was mesmerized.
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To my grandmother, the washing machine was a miracle.
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Today, in Sweden and other rich countries,
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people are using so many different machines.
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Look -- the homes are full of machines.
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I can't even name them all.
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And they also, when they want to travel,
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they use flying machines
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that can take them to remote destinations.
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And yet, in the world,
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there are so many people who still heat the water on fire,
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and they cook their food on fire.
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Sometimes they don't even have enough food.
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And they live below the poverty line.
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There are two billion fellow human beings
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who live on less than two dollars a day.
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And the richest people over there -- there's one billion people,
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and they live above what I call the "air line" --
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(Laughter)
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because they spend more than 80 dollars a day
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on their consumption.
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But this is just one, two, three billion people,
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and obviously, there are seven billion people in the world,
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so there must be one, two, three, four billion people more
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who live in between the poverty and the air line.
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They have electricity,
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but the question is: How many have washing machines?
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I've done the scrutiny of market data, and I've found that, indeed,
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the washing machine has penetrated below the air line,
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and today, there's an additional one billion people out there
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who live above the "wash line."
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(Laughter)
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And they consume for more than 40 dollars per day.
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So two billion have access to washing machines.
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And the remaining five billion --
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how do they wash?
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Or, to be more precise,
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how do most of the women in the world wash?
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Because it remains the hard work for women to wash.
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They wash like this: by hand.
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It's hard, time-consuming labor,
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which they have to do for hours every week.
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And sometimes they also have to bring water from far away
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to do the laundry at home,
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or they have to bring the laundry away to a stream far off.
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And they want the washing machine.
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They don't want to spend such a large part of their life
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doing this hard work
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with so relatively low productivity.
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And there's nothing different in their wish
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than it was for my grandma.
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Look here, two generations ago in Sweden --
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picking water from the stream,
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heating with firewood and washing like that.
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They want the washing machine in exactly the same way.
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But when I lecture to environmentally concerned students,
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they tell me, "No, everybody in the world cannot have cars and washing machines."
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How can we tell this woman
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that she isn't going to have a washing machine?
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And then I ask my students -- over the last two years, I've asked --
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"How many of you don't use a car?"
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And some of them proudly raise their hand and say, "I don't use a car."
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And then I put the really tough question:
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"How many of you hand-wash your jeans and your bedsheets?"
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And no one raised their hand.
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Even the hardcore in the green movement use washing machines.
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(Laughter)
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So how come [this is] something that everyone uses
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and they think others will not stop it?
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What is special with this?
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I had to do an analysis about the energy use in the world.
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Here we are.
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Look here. You see the seven billion people up there?
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The air people, the wash people,
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the bulb people and the fire people.
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One unit like this
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is an energy unit of fossil fuel -- oil, coal or gas.
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That's what most of the electricity and the energy in the world is.
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And it's 12 units used in the entire world,
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and the richest one billion, they use six of them.
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Half of the energy is used by one seventh of the world population.
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And these ones, who have washing machines
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but not a house full of other machines,
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they use two.
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This group uses three, one each.
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And they also have electricity.
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And over there, they don't even use one each.
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That makes 12 of them.
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But the main concern
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for the environmentally interested students -- and they are right --
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is about the future.
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What are the trends?
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If we just prolong the trends, without any real advanced analysis,
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to 2050,
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there are two things that can increase the energy use:
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first, population growth; second, economic growth.
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Population growth will mainly occur among the poorest people here,
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because they have high child mortality
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and they have many children per woman.
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And that will get you two extra,
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but that won't change the energy use very much.
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What will happen is economic growth.
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The best of here in the emerging economies --
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I call them "the New East" --
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they will jump the air line.
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"Wopp!" they will say.
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And they will start to use as much as the Old West are doing already.
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(Laughter)
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And these people, they want the washing machine.
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I told you. They'll go there.
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And they will double their energy use.
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And we hope that the poor people will get into the electric light.
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And they'll get a two-child family without a stop in population growth.
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But the total energy consumption will increase to 22 units.
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And these 22 units --
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still, the richest people use most of them.
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So what needs to be done?
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Because the risk,
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the high probability of climate change is real.
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It's real.
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Of course, they must be more energy efficient.
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They must change their behavior in some way.
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They must also start to produce green energy,
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much more green energy.
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But until they have the same energy consumption per person,
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they shouldn't give advice to others --
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what to do and what not to do.
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(Laughter)
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(Applause)
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Here, we can get more green energy all over.
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This is what we hope might happen.
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It's a real challenge in the future.
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But I can assure you that this woman in the favela in Rio,
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she wants a washing machine.
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She's very happy about her minister of energy
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that provided electricity to everyone --
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so happy that she even voted for her.
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And she became Dilma Rousseff,
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the president-elect of one of the biggest democracies in the world,
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moving from minister of energy to president.
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If you have democracy, people will vote for washing machines.
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They love them!
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(Laughter)
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And what's the magic with them?
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My mother explained the magic with this machine
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the very, very first day.
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She said, "Now, Hans.
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We have loaded the laundry.
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The machine will make the work.
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And now we can go to the library."
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Because this is the magic: you load the laundry,
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and what do you get out of the machine?
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You get books out of the machines,
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children's books.
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And mother got time to read for me.
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She loved this.
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I got the "ABC's" -- this is why I started my career as a professor,
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when my mother had time to read for me.
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And she also got books for herself.
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She managed to study English and learn that as a foreign language.
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And she read so many novels,
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so many different novels here.
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And we really, we really loved this machine.
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(Laughter)
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And what we said, my mother and me,
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"Thank you, industrialization.
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Thank you, steel mill.
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Thank you, power station.
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And thank you, chemical processing industry
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that gave us time to read books."
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Thank you very much.
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(Laughter)
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(Applause)
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